"Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazine Derivatives."

Abstract

Hydrazine-based derivatives are an important class of compounds in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, not only because of their diverse chemical reactivity, but also because of their broad spectrum of biological and industrial uses. These compounds possess an interesting pharmacological profile due to the presence of the –NH–NH₂ group that permits a variety of synthetic processes such as condensations, cyclizations and substitutions. The considerable structural versatility of hydrazine-based frameworks makes them popular in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors and energetic materials. This paper aims to review the different types of synthetic methods used for the synthesis of hydrazine derivatives including classical methods and modern methods (such as solvent-free reaction, microwave-assisted synthesis and green chemistry routes). Additionally, sophisticated characterization techniques such as spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, UV-Vis) and chromatographic and crystallographic measurements are covered in detail with their novelty in guaranteeing structural identification and purity_relying. Highlights are presented on new progress in structure-activity correlations (SAR) and bioactivity, (in particular: on antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory actions). The review also gives insight on the rising applications and the future potential of hydrazine chemistry in drug discovery and material science. This review is intended as a reference source for scientists working in the field of design and function of hydrazine-based derivatives that critically analyse and compile the recent literature.