Advancements In Energy Optimization and Security in Wireless Sensor Networks a Comprehensive Survey

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a crucial technology in various domains, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, industrial automation, and smart cities. However, the inherent constraints of WSNs, such as limited energy, computational capabilities, and communication range, pose significant challenges in ensuring their efficient operation and security. This comprehensive survey explores the recent advancements in energy optimization and security techniques tailored specifically for WSNs. The survey begins by examining energy-efficient protocols and algorithms designed to prolong the network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption during data transmission, aggregation, and routing. It discusses techniques such as data-centric routing, clustering, and duty cycling, along with advancements in energy harvesting and power management strategies. This article reviews 25 research papers for WSN and explores the potential of computer-assisted methods for efficient intrusion detection. Moreover, the survey delves into the critical aspect of security in WSNs, considering the vulnerabilities and threats unique to these networks, including node capture, tampering, eavesdropping, and denial of service attacks. It covers cryptographic techniques, key management schemes, intrusion detection systems, and secure routing protocols aimed at safeguarding data integrity, confidentiality, and availability in WSNs.