Cultural Traditions and Environmental Rights: A Discourse on Firecracker Use during Diwali

Abstract

This study looks at the conflict between the use of firecrackers during Diwali and the right to a clean and healthy environment in India. Firecrackers cause serious air and noise pollution for a short period. During Diwali, air pollution levels often become ten times higher than safe limits. Noise levels can reach up to 140 decibels. Firecrackers release harmful chemicals and heavy metals into the air. These substances are dangerous to human health. They also affect animals. Birds and animals become stressed, confused, and injured. Many pets and urban wildlife suffer during this period. Indian courts have interpreted Article 21 of the Constitution to include the right to a clean environment. Despite this, the enforcement of rules is weak. Regulations such as the use of “green crackers” and limits on bursting time are not followed properly. Cultural traditions and poor monitoring are major reasons for this failure. This review supports a balanced approach. It suggests combining scientific knowledge with legal principles. The aim is to respect cultural practices while protecting the environment and ensuring animal welfare.