Beyond Cognitive Ability: Examining the Role of Emotional Intelligence in Academic Performance among College Students

Abstract

Academic success in higher education depends not only on cognitive ability but also on students' emotional competencies. Emotional Intelligence (EI), which includes self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, and relationship management, has been widely recognised as a factor that may influence students' academic experiences and outcomes. This study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance among undergraduate college students. A quantitative research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 132 students using a structured questionnaire comprising a 13-item Emotional Intelligence Scale and a 6-item Academic Performance Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The reliability analysis indicated good internal consistency for both the Emotional Intelligence Scale (α = 0.895) and the Academic Performance Scale (α = 0.850). The findings revealed that students generally exhibited moderate to high levels of emotional intelligence and satisfactory academic performance. A weak positive relationship was observed between emotional intelligence and academic performance (r = 0.165); however, the association was not statistically significant (p = .058). Similarly, regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence did not significantly predict academic performance. No significant differences in emotional intelligence were found across gender or age groups. The findings suggest that although emotional intelligence may contribute positively to students' academic experiences, it is not a significant standalone predictor of academic performance. The study highlights the importance of integrating emotional intelligence development into higher education through mentoring, counselling, and life-skills programmes to promote holistic student development.