The Concept of Dharma in Kautilya’s Arthashastra and its Relevance in the Present Time

Abstract

The concept of dharma refers to moral and ethical foundation that governs both individual and statecraft in Kautilya’s Arthashastra. Arthashastra is famously a pragmatic manual on wealth (Artha) and power, Kautilya posits that all political, economic and administrative actions must operate strictly within the bounds of dharma to prevent chaos and ensure sustainable public welfare. The Arthashastra also emphasizes the state’s obligation to safeguard dharma, which it defines as the virtuous behaviour expected of individuals in various social positions. This paper looks at Kautilya’s Arthashastra and how the idea of dharma fits into modern life. The paper upholds that the principles of dharma, such as fairness, justice and compassion, provide a framework for ethical governance and are still important today. The paper also looks at how dharma can help policy makers to make decisions that are good for society as a whole and to help build a more fair and peaceful society.