Türkiye's Humanitarian Diplomacy in Africa: A Case Study of Somalia.

Abstract

Since the early 2000s, Türkiye's engagement with Africa has represented a significant shift in Turkish foreign policy. The transformation goes beyond traditional security considerations. This article examines Türkiye's humanitarian diplomacy approach in Africa through Somalia as our case study, analyzing the ideational foundations, institutional mechanisms, operational modalities, and developmental outcomes. We draw upon constructivist international relations theory and humanitarian diplomacy literature to understand how Türkiye's humanitarian-centered approach differs from conventional humanitarian assistance and traditional development cooperation. We critically evaluate its effectiveness in addressing Somalia's protracted humanitarian crises and contribution to state-building processes. What emerges is that Türkiye's model—characterized by direct government involvement, cultural-religious resonance, comprehensive approach integrating humanitarian relief with development and diplomatic engagement, and emphasis on solidarity rather than charity—offers alternative frameworks for international humanitarian action. The Somali case illuminates both the transformative potential and inherent tensions within humanitarian diplomacy as foreign policy instrument. It provides insights into how middle powers leverage humanitarian action for diplomatic influence while simultaneously addressing genuine humanitarian needs. Through critical analysis of implementation mechanisms, recipient perceptions, and comparative assessment with other humanitarian actors, this article contributes to understanding emerging power engagement in Africa, the instrumentalization of humanitarian action, and the reconfiguration of international humanitarian architecture.