Healthcare at a Cost: Examining Out-Of-Pocket Expenditure and the Right to Health in India and Beyond

Abstract

The right to health, a fundamental component of human dignity, is implicitly protected by the Indian constitution. Despite this, a sizable proportion of India's population is in financial trouble as a result of excessive out-of-pocket (OOP) medical costs. This study investigates the constitutional basis of the Right to Health, assesses the impact of out-of-pocket expenses, and evaluates the legislative and regulatory framework for managing healthcare costs. It also offers a comparative review of foreign healthcare systems and emphasises judicial precedents. The study concludes with recommendations for reducing the financial burden of healthcare while guaranteeing fair access and protecting fundamental rights.