Thermal Management Techniques in Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

This research tackles the fundamental challenge of heat dissipation in high-power-density systems by investigating innovative thermal management strategies for power electronics in electric vehicles (EVs). As EVs become more dependent on compact, efficient, and reliable power converters, efficient thermal control becomes essential to sustaining system performance, prolonging component life, and guaranteeing safety. The study assesses both traditional techniques, i.e., air and liquid cooling, and newer technologies like phase-change materials (PCMs), heat pipes, and advanced composites. Comparative analysis shows trade-offs between cost, efficiency, and scalability. The article also suggests novel solutions such as machine learning-based thermal management and coupled cooling architectures to maximize heat transfer. Recent progress in materials—wide-bandgap semiconductors—too is reviewed for its effect on thermal design.