Lipase Enzyme activity in Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Gossipium herbacium, Arachis hypogea soil strata of four agro ecosystems

Abstract

The present study analysis the distribution of Lipase enzyme activity and microbial populations across different soil strata (A1, A2, B1, and B2 soil horizons) in four distinct agro-ecosystems: Oryza sativa (Paddy), Zea mays (Maize), Gossipium herbacium (Cotton), and Arachis hypogea (Groundnut). Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties, microbial population, and enzymatic activity using spectrophotometric method. Results indicated that soil p^H and organic matter gradually decreased with depth, while electrical conductivity peaked at the B1 horizon. Bacterial and fungal populations were most abundant in the surface A horizons, showing a positive correlation with organic carbon. Interestingly, Lipase activity was found to be maximum in the B1 horizon (0.2–0.5 units), with Zea mays exhibiting the highest enzymatic potential. Activity became negligible below the B1 strata. These findings suggest that soil depth and crop-specific root exudates significantly influence the biochemical profile of agricultural soils, highlighting the need for organic amendments to maintain fertility in deeper soil layers.