Social Security Coverage among Street Vendors: A Comparative Study of Kolkata and North 24 Parganas, West Bengal

Abstract

Street vendors form an essential part of the urban informal economy, yet their access to social security remains uncertain. This study explores the extent of social security coverage among street vendors in Kolkata and North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Based on primary data collected through surveys and interactions with vendors, along with relevant secondary sources, the study examines awareness, enrolment, and use of key social security schemes. The findings indicate that most street vendors have limited or no access to formal social security benefits due to low awareness, documentation challenges, and administrative barriers. While vendors in Kolkata show relatively better access compared to those in North 24 Parganas, overall coverage remains inadequate. The study highlights the need for simplified procedures and focused policy efforts to ensure effective social protection for street vendors and to support inclusive urban development.