About Anusandhanvallari Anusandhanvallari Journal is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary research journal, dedicated to promoting scholarly research and academic inquiry in the fields of Indian knowledge systems, philosophy, literature, science, and allied disciplines. Rooted in the vision of preserving and advancing India’s intellectual heritage, the journal serves as a platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners to share original contributions that bridge tradition and innovation. Anusandhanvallari embodies our commitment to fostering critical thought, academic excellence, and interdisciplinary dialogue. The journal welcomes submissions in English, Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian languages, encouraging inclusivity and cultural depth. Our mission is to support the growth of a vibrant research community that values authenticity, depth, and rigor. Through Anusandhanvallari, we aim to inspire meaningful scholarship that contributes to national and global understanding. Learn More -> Indian Literature and Linguistics Scholarly work on classical and modern Indian literature, including analysis of texts in Sanskrit, Hindi, and regional languages, along with studies on Indian linguistics, language evolution, and literary traditions. Cultural Studies and History Research on India’s diverse cultural heritage, traditions, rituals, art forms, festivals, and historical narratives, with an emphasis on understanding their relevance in modern society. Interdisciplinary Studies Articles that explore the intersection of traditional Indian knowledge and modern academic disciplines, such as the integration of ancient wisdom with current technological, environmental, and social challenges. Health and Well-being Research on traditional Indian medical systems such as Ayurveda, Yoga, and naturopathy, and their role in modern healthcare and well-being. Objective of Anusandhanvallari Focus on what makes you different Promote Scholarly Research Promote scholarly research in Indian philosophy, science, literature, culture, and related disciplines. Encourage Critical Analysis Encourage critical analysis of classical texts and traditional knowledge in the context of contemporary academic discourse. Support Interdisciplinary Studies Support interdisciplinary studies that bridge ancient wisdom and modern knowledge systems. Facilitate Multilingual Scholarship Facilitate multilingual scholarship, especially in Indian languages such as Sanskrit, Hindi, and regional languages, alongside English. Strengthen Academic Engagement Strengthen academic engagement with India’s intellectual traditions, contributing to both national development and global understanding. Provide a Platform Provide a platform for researchers and academicians to publish original, peer-reviewed work across disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics, Ayurveda, science, arts, and cultural studies.
Metamorphosis of Legal Education in India: A Progressive Evolution
The landscape of legal education in India has undergone a significant metamorphosis over the decades, transitioning from a colonial legacy rooted in procedural training to a dynamic, interdisciplinary, and socially responsive domain. This progressive evolution reflects the broader socio-political and economic transformations of the nation. In the early post-independence period, legal education was largely theoretical and detached from real-world application. However, reforms introduced by institutions like the Bar Council of India, the establishment of National Law Universities (NLUs), and the integration of clinical legal education have reshaped the framework to emphasize practical skills, critical thinking, and ethical lawyering. Globalization, digitization, and the demands of a rapidly changing justice delivery system have further accelerated this evolution. Contemporary legal education now incorporates comparative jurisprudence, international law, human rights, gender justice, environmental law, and technological jurisprudence. The rise of interdisciplinary approaches and the increasing focus on research, public policy, and legal aid reflect a shift towards producing socially conscious and globally competent legal professionals. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including regional disparities, outdated curricula in traditional law colleges, and limited access to quality legal education. This paper critically analyzes the metamorphosis of legal education in India, tracing historical developments, evaluating current pedagogical trends, and proposing strategic reforms to align legal education with the ideals of justice, equity, and constitutional values in the 21st century.
Climatic and Socio-Ecological Drivers of Malaria and Dengue Dynamics in Jaipur, India
This study examines the climatic and socio-ecological factors driving malaria and dengue transmission in Jaipur, India, from July 2023 to June 2024. Conducted across urban (Vidhyadhar Nagar, Muralipura) and rural (Chomu, Amer) zones, the research integrates primary entomological data, secondary disease case data, and climatic variables (temperature, humidity, rainfall). Results show strong positive correlations between humidity (r=0.73,p=0.0076 for cases; r=0.76,p=0.0039 for HI) and rainfall with dengue incidence, with urban Aedes House Index (HI) peaking at 80.0 in August 2023, corresponding to 29 dengue cases. Malaria exhibits weaker climatic correlations (e.g., humidity: r=0.47,p=0.1227 for cases), driven by rural socio-ecological factors like agricultural water bodies, with Anopheles HI peaking at 80.0 in August 2023, tied to 10 malaria cases. Findings highlight the need for targeted vector control, including urban source reduction for dengue and rural water management for malaria, aligned with WHO and NVBDCP guidelines.
Open Educational Resources in School Education and Role of Teachers
Open Educational resources are gaining momentum. Teachers, librarians and students are finding feasible to access these resources for ease of use and free to copy, adopt and share. Librarians and the teachers are the facilitators of school students where students get the motivation and guidance to adopt new kind of resources. This study described school teachers’ perspectives on Open Educational Resources and its various aspects like their acquaintances, likes, dislikes usability, plan and program. This study observed that teachers are more and increasingly using the Open educational Resources. They are not only downloading the E-Books but also using it. Findings of this study will be useful for policy and decision makers, researchers and the open educational content developers.
Performance Optimization of BLDC Motors for Fuzzy Lozic Controllers
In place of traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) were utilized in this work to optimize the performance of brushless DC (BLDC) motors. A BLDC motor was modeled using MATLAB/Simulink as part of a simulation-based experimental strategy to assess the control techniques under different operating situations. A Mamdani-type inference system with two input variables—speed error and change in speed error—was used to develop the fuzzy logic controller. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was then used to improve its membership functions. The fuzzy controller outperformed the PID, unoptimized FLC, and GA-optimized FLC in terms of lower rising time, settling time, steady-state error, torque ripple, and energy consumption, according to a comparative analysis. Furthermore, the motor's back-EMF waveform showed less total harmonic distortion (THD) and increased resistance to load disturbances thanks to the modified FLC. In practical applications, the results demonstrated how intelligent, adaptive control systems may improve the dynamic performance, stability, and efficiency of BLDC motor drives.
Empowering Voices: Evaluating the Role of Mobile Journalism in Gender-Based Crime Reporting in India
Mobile journalism (MoJo) is redefining how sensitive social issues, particularly crimes against women (CAW), are reported in India. This study explores the perceptions and experiences of 560 media students, educators, and journalists regarding MoJo's effectiveness in CAW reporting. Findings reveal that MoJo is widely regarded as a timely, accessible, and empowering platform for storytelling, especially for underreported and stigmatized issues. Respondents recognized MoJo’s ability to localize narratives, amplify survivor voices, and foster public engagement. However, legal risks, online threats, editorial censorship, and a lack of institutional support emerged as significant deterrents—particularly for women journalists. The study calls for inclusive journalism training, improved legal protections, and stronger partnerships between policymakers, platforms, and independent journalists to strengthen MoJo’s role in gender-sensitive reporting.
Neuromarketing in Shaping Consumer Behaviour with Respect to FMCG Advertisement in Specification to Colours, Emotion and Logo
Neuromarketing involves applying principles from psychology and neuroscience to better understand how consumers make decisions, especially in response to advertising. In today’s fast-paced FMCG market, where consumers often make split-second choices, advertisements must capture attention and evoke emotion instantly. This study investigates the influence of colour and emotional elements in FMCG advertisements on buying behaviour, brand perception, and consumption patterns. It explores how design elements—such as colour, shape, and logos—contribute to building brand identity and emotional resonance. The research further analyses how emotionally charged advertisements shape consumer awareness and influence decision-making. It delves into the relationship between colour psychology and brand recognition, examining how consumers associate specific colours with qualities like trust, excitement, or reliability. Statistical tools such as correlation, multiple regression, and chi-square tests are employed to analyse the data. Correlation measures links between variables like colour perception and brand recall, while multiple regression assesses the impact of emotional response, brand familiarity, and colour preference on purchasing behaviour. Chi-square analysis evaluates how demographic variables such as gender and age affect ad preferences and emotional reactions. The results aim to guide FMCG marketers in designing more emotionally engaging and visually impactful advertisements that boost brand recall and customer loyalty. Ultimately, this research enhances the growing field of neuromarketing by offering practical insights into how advertising influences consumer behaviour in the FMCG industry.
A Study on the Policyholders Preference and Awareness of Life Insurance Products in the Lic of India in the Salem District
Life assurance is a settlement between the insurance agency and the policyholder, wherein the insurance plan pays for the strategy sum caused via the existence safeguarded. The insurance plan will both give compensation to logical expenses and ensure qualified passing advantages, mishaps benefits are covered underneath the protection at one of the specific items. Each individual likewise can get charge derivations on the expenses paid nearer to extra security under section 80D of the annual Tax Act, 1961.
Application of Neural Networks in Predictive Maintenance of AC and DC Motors
This study examines how Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be used in predictive maintenance procedures in AC and DC motors in terms of real-time fault detection rates, diagnosis accuracy and performance accuracy at variable loads. The purpose of conducting the study was to create a stable ANN-based system that would eliminate shortcomings of the traditional approaches. It was revealed on analysis that ANN models could efficiently process multi-sensor data and provide diagnosis with an accuracy of over 95 % in fault detection and provide a 60 % reduction in diagnosis time. ANN was found to be highly reliable in predictive terms whereby the error rates of the predictor were lower than 7%. Comparative findings indicated that ANN is much faster, precise and adaptable than conventional models. All these results prove that ANN systems provide powerful, intelligent tools to maintaining industrial motor with the minimal amount of unexplainable failures and operations stereo. The study is in line with all the goals and authenticates the validity of ANN within an intractable maintenance environment.
A Study on AI Recommendations and Impulse: Impact on Post-Purchase Emotions in Fashion E-Commerce
Artificial intelligence (AI) in fashion e-commerce has drastically changed how consumers make decisions by offering highly tailored product recommendations. This study looks into how consumers' impulsive purchasing behaviour is affected by AI-powered personalised recommendations. It also looks at how this activity affects post-purchase evaluation outcomes, particularly satisfaction and cognitive dissonance. The study takes a quantitative method, employing a structured questionnaire to gather information from fashion e-commerce customers. It is based on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) theory. According to the research, AI-generated personalised recommendations serve as a powerful inducement that frequently results in impulsive purchases. The findings also show that impulsive purchases might have two effects in the post-purchase phase: either they cause dissonance because of unfulfilled expectations or they cause satisfaction because of a chance discovery. These observations add to the body of knowledge on AI in consumer behaviour and have applications for e-commerce platforms looking to maximise recommendation systems to minimise post-purchase regret and increase customer pleasure. The study highlights the necessity of designing AI with ethics in mind in order to strike a balance between persuasiveness and the welfare of consumers in the digital marketplace.
Representation of Female Characters in Shashi Deshpande's Novels: Small Remedies and The Binding Vine
Shashi Deshpande's novels are centered round female characters who play a vital role in establishing social harmony and prosperity. She depicts the miserable plight of the contemporary middle-class, urban Indian women who find themselves confused between the opposing forces of “modernity” and “tradition”. Her novel, Small Remedies focuses not only on a single woman character but on three women from three different backgrounds but with common plight of tragic suffering and alienation. The novel is structured as a biography within a biography. It is about Savitribai, the famous classical singer who has become old now. It is also about Leela who overcomes her personal tragedy to serve the poor workers of a Bombay suburban locality. The novel is also the story of Madhu who narrates and apparently builds a link between the other characters. Her another novel, The Binding Vine explores themes of rape, human relationships, woman's bonding, death and fear. It is also based on the story of two incidents of rape - one is marital rape while the other is the rape of a young Indian girl by one of her relatives. This also deals with the personal tragedy of Urmi who suffers both as a mother and as a wife. Urmi’s role as a mother is like an oak and her daughter, Anu, is like a creeper around her. However, as a wife, she faces a reverse situation - she is a sensitive vine and she needs her husband, Kishore as an oak to wind herself around and seek support. The novelist passes on the message through her novel to the Indian women that until the women have the courage and come ahead to make their own way of success, they will not achieve the status. One has to struggle hard and fight courageously to get and preserve the independent identity. No doubt, there are many problems but these may be overcome if there is hard determination and real will to resist.
This article explores the satirical genius of Kingsley Amis, one of the most incisive and influential voices in post-war British fiction. By examining core themes and narrative strategies in select novels—Lucky Jim, One Fat Englishman, The Green Man, Jake’s Thing, and Stanley and the Women—the study reveals how Amis used satire to critique academic elitism, cultural pretensions, class hierarchies, and evolving gender dynamics. Drawing on critical scholarship, the article situates Amis in the British satirical tradition while showing how his works reflect deep social and personal anxieties of the 20th century. By employing irony, grotesque characterization, and biting humor, Amis redefined British satire to expose the absurdities and contradictions of modernity.
The Intertwined Paths of Transcendentalism and Feminism: A Philosophical and Literary Assessment
This academic paper investigates the philosophical and literary convergence of Transcendentalism and Feminism, primarily within the landscape of 19th-century American thought. It explores how the transcendentalist emphasis on individual conscience, spiritual intuition, and moral autonomy laid an intellectual foundation for the rise of feminist ideologies. Drawing from the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the study examines how transcendentalist ideals inspired early feminist critiques of institutional authority. It further contextualizes the cultural and socio-political backdrop of these movements and addresses how this ideological synthesis influenced future waves of feminism. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that combines literary analysis, feminist theory, and intellectual history, this paper underscores the ongoing relevance of this intersection in contemporary feminist discourse.
Shaping Futures: A Comparative Study of Career Intentions Before and After Industrial Training among Hotel Management Students
Industrial training has emerged as a critical experiential learning component in hospitality education, offering students practical exposure that bridges the gap between academic knowledge and industry expectations. This study aims to explore the role of industrial training in shaping the professional development and career intentions of hotel management students. By employing a comparative design, the research captures and analyses the shift in students' career aspirations before and after undergoing six months of industrial training across various departments in hotels. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews from 150 final-year hotel management students enrolled in recognized Indian institutions. The findings indicate that industrial training not only enhances students’ technical and interpersonal skills but also significantly influences their career choices. While many students reported increased clarity, motivation, and readiness for hospitality careers post-training, a notable percentage reconsidered their career paths due to factors such as long working hours, lack of mentorship, and perceived industry challenges. This study highlights the importance of quality internship experiences in determining whether students choose to pursue or exit the hospitality sector. The insights generated can help academic institutions redesign training modules and collaborate more effectively with industry partners to deliver student-centered, meaningful training experiences that align with evolving career aspirations.
सामान्यतया पर्यावरण का अर्थ प्राकृतिक जगत से लिया जाता है। भूमि, वायुमंडल, नदियां, झीलें, तालाब, समुद्र आदि जल स्रोत एवं जलीय जीव, पहाड़, वन यहां पर रहने वाले विभिन्न प्रकार के प्राणी आदि सभी प्रकार के जीव पर्यावरण के घटक हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त अंतरिक्ष को भी इसमें हम जोड़ सकते हैं। चिरकाल से इन सभी घटकों के मध्य प्राकृतिक रूप से संतुलन स्थापित है। पर्यावरण हमारे अस्तित्व व विकास दोनों के लिए आवश्यक है। लेकिन पिछले कुछ दशकों से मनुष्य ने अपने लाभ के लिए प्रकृति का दोहन किया है। यद्यपि प्रारंभ में ऐसा नहीं था परंतु पिछले कुछ दशकों से मनुष्य इस व्यवस्था से छेड़छाड़ करने पर उतारू है और वर्तमान में तो स्थिति यहां तक आ पहुंची है कि अति संवेदनशील पर्यावरणीय संतुलन के पूर्ण रूप से नष्ट हो जाने का खतरा भी उत्पन्न हो गया है, परिणामस्वरुप मानव सभ्यता के अस्तित्व पर भी प्रश्न चिन्ह लगता जा रहा है। नष्ट होते पर्यावरण और बढ़ते प्रदूषण को लेकर आज संपूर्ण विश्व चिंतित है। आजकल पृथ्वी के तापमान में वृद्धि हो रही है। 1700 ई. में पृथ्वी का औसत तापमान 15° से. था, जोकि 2050ई.में 16.5° और 2100ई.में 18°- 19° तक या इससे भी कहीं अधिक पहुंच सकता है। तापमान वृद्धि के कारण हिमालय और ध्रुवो तक की हजारों साल से जमी बर्फ पिघलने लगी है, इसके प्रभाव से आने वाले समय में नदियों में समय-समय पर भयंकर बाढ़ आ सकती है, समुद्र का जलस्तर बढ़ने से तटीय भूमि उसके गर्भ में समा सकती है।वर्तमान समय में वनों की अंधाधुंध कटाई हो रही है जो कि पर्यावरण संतुलन के लिए घातक है। पर्यावरण संतुलन के लिए वनों का एक निश्चित प्रतिशत बने रहना आवश्यक है।पश्चिम ने प्रकृति को भोग की वस्तु माना है जबकि भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा एवं संस्कृति में पर्यावरण और प्रकृति कोई विषय नहीं अपितु जीवन पद्धति है। हमारी भारतीय संस्कृति, प्रकृति प्रेम एवं प्रकृति संरक्षण की चिंतन धारा है। हमारे ऋषि-मुनि इतने उच्च कोटि के वैज्ञानिक थे कि उन्होंने जड़ चेतन सभी तत्वों की सुरक्षा एवं संरक्षण के लिए नियम बनाएं। यही कारण है कि हमारे प्राचीन ग्रंथों में पर्यावरण संरक्षण की बातें कूट-कूट कर भरी पड़ी है।
Mahatma Gandhi and Indian National Movement: An Assessment of the Role of North Haryana Region
Mahatma Gandhi is also known as “father of the Nation” in India and world context. He played a marvellous role in Indian National Movement, a historic campaign for independence from the British colonial rule in India. Gandhi life’s and leadership left a lifelong massage on India’s history and world at large. His commitment to nonviolence, Civil-Disobedience and tired less sacrifice to justice and equality made him iconic personality in the struggle for India’s freedom. Gandhi journey as a political pioneer and spiritual leader started in South Africa. He began a movement on the basis of principle of Satyagaraha, and Ahimsa against the tyranny government which had been to violate the civil rights of Indians. After achieved his goal and charm as a charismatic figure in South Africa he returned to India. Gandhi’s return to India in 1915 began a new chapter in Indian history. It marked the beginning of his active involvement in the Indian National Movement. His entry in Indian Independence changes the direction and condition of the movement also which was the need of that time in Indian perspective. Through his philosophy of “Satyagraha” Truth- force, he advocated peaceful resistance and non-cooperation with the British authorities, believing that moral strength could ultimately overcome brute force. His leadership during pivotal campaigns like Non-Cooperation, Salt March, and Quit India Movement mobilized millions of Indians, transcending the boundaries of caste, class and religion. Mahtma Gandhi’s influences extended far beyond the political realm; he championed the causes of rural empowerment, self-reliance and the upliftment of the marginalized classes of the society. His commitment to the idea of a united secular and free India became a guiding light for the leaders and masses alike. Gandhi was a practical revolutionary in his ideas, actions and thoughts because which he thought he did performed practically in Indian National Movement. However, He changed his strategy as per time and situation of India and world scenario. The purpose of our to write this research article to examine the following questions which has directly concerned the role of the people of North Haryana region in Indian National movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and in the process of making of modern India. Why people of North Haryana accept the Gandhian methods and techniques for fight for India’s Freedom What was the perception of Mahatma Gandhi towards the Haryana and Haryanavi people? How Northern Haryana masses contributed in the Mahatma’s Movements which were straightly concerned to freedom of India. How northern Haryana women reacted and participated in Gandhian Movement in this region.
Feminism in International Politics: A Theoretical Perspective
Since the end of the Cold War and the start of a new era of globalisation, new difficulties have arisen in the world of international politics. The Cold War was a time when the US and the Soviet Union were at odds with one another. This had a huge impact on world politics and international relations. While there were territorial conflicts, wars, geo-expansion, and strategic agreements occurring, world politics was also undergoing these changes. The agenda has been changed a little, and there is now more emphasis on some non-state issues, such as human rights, economic cooperation, social and economic issues, sustainable development, terrorism, world peace, hunger, and poverty. Since the feminist approach has changed the way international politics works, this article tries to explain the role of women in international politics, the main idea behind feminism in international feminist ideas, and why feminist theories are important in international politics. The first part of this paper will give a historical background on feminist ideologies that are employed around the world. The second portion of the study gives an overall picture of where women stand in international politics. The last part also talks about the main ideas and words that go along with feminist political theories and gives an analytical and critical look at modern feminist views of international relations.
Prospects and Challenges for Women Entrepreneurs with Special Reference to Salem District, Tamilnadu, India
Women entrepreneurship is still underdeveloped concept across the world especially in India. Not only are minority and women business owners a growing segment of the entrepreneur population, but their businesses also tend to be relatively dynamic. Starting a new business can be a challenge. Normally Women entrepreneurs may face a number of hurdles, including lack of access to capital, insufficient business networks for peer support, investment, and business opportunities, and the absence of the full range of essential skills necessary to lead a business to survive and grow.This proposed study is an attempt to examine the entrepreneurial prospects and challenges faced by the Women entrepreneurs in Tamil Nadu. The study is to be conducted in the state of Tamil Nadu. The Women entrepreneurs will be the respondents for the proposed study. The researcher will use mixed methods to explore the entrepreneurial prospects and challenges faced by Women entrepreneurs with special reference to Tamil Nadu. The study is to be conducted in various districts of Tamil Nadu in India. A two-stage sampling technique will be adopted in this study. In the first stage, districts will be selected using a simple random sampling method and in the second stage, respondents will be selected through snowball/purposive sampling and will be studied through both a semi-structured questionnaire and personal interviews. National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) will be consulted for the government’s policy documents and data on Women entrepreneurs. The SPSS package will be used for quantitative data analysis. The researcher intended to use the following statistical tools by using SPSS and AMOS.
Assessment of Socio-Economic Status of Migrant Workers in Erode District of Tamil Nadu
Erode district within Tamil Nadu experiences substantial migration because people migrate for textile industry work together with agricultural positions and construction job opportunities and employment in unregulated sectors. The research evaluates the socio-economic status of Erode District migrant residents through assessments of their living situations and earnings patterns together with employment ways and educational systems and healthcare and social relationships. The study analyzes both immigration motivation forces along with migration challenges which newcomers face when settling into urban and semi-urban Erode areas while investigating the effects of their dwelling on local infrastructure and environmental resources. Social assimilation together with economic advancement remains limited by existing cultural and linguistic differences. The research underscores the requirement of policy systems that deliver improved welfare treatment and development opportunities to migrants across all domains. To improve the situation for Erode migrant communities the authors suggest implementing skill development programs and language training and affordable housing and healthcare access provisions. The paper recommends state authorities with NGOs to establish data-based local policies that ensure sustainable urban development which meets migrant community needs.
Role Of Social Media Usage on Reshaping Investment Decisions
The present study aims to explore the impact of social media usage on the investment preferences and Behaviour of youth. The study primarily focuses on the social media factors influencing the Behaviour of youth towards their investment preference in their day-to-day life. The present study adopts empirical and exploratory research design to gather the perception and preferences of youth in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu towards their usage on social media platforms and its impact on their investment Behaviour and preferences. The non-probability judgment sampling technique was adopted to collect primary data using questionnaire method. The statistical techniques such as, percentage analysis, simple linear regression analysis has been applied to understand the impact of social media factors on investment Behaviour. The findings align with foundational theories (TAM, TPB) and contemporary research on digital finance, underscoring social media’s transformative role in reshaping investment behavior. Future research could integrate behavioral economics frameworks to address unexplained variance and refine predictive models, ensuring alignment with the evolving digital landscape. Influencers can leverage their reach to promote positive investment behaviors, reducing the influence of herding behavior and improving informed decision-making.
AI Bot-Based Feedback Analysing System for Ujjwala Gas Yojana for Rural Region
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) has significantly transformed access to clean cooking fuel in rural India. Yet, sustaining its long-term success demands an intelligent feedback mechanism to understand usage patterns, address distribution challenges, and monitor beneficiary satisfaction. This paper proposes an AI bot-based feedback analyzing system that uses advanced technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP), sentiment analysis, and multilingual AI chatbots/voice bots. The goal is to gather real-time user feedback, especially from underserved populations, to improve policymaking and implementation. This work includes an exhaustive literature survey, identifies key research gaps, proposes a robust methodology, presents detailed analysis and discussion of experimental results, and concludes with policy implications and recommendations for future work.
Exploring The Buying Culture and Acceptance of Innovative FMCG Products in Palakkad District
FMCGs (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) market in India is fast changing, not only with the shift in Indian demographic segments of India. Manufacturers and marketers of FMCGs adopt tailored strategies to attract and influence the buying of innovative products among consumers. This article to aims to assess the FMCGs buying behaviours among Consumers in Palakkad district and to measure the consumers' attitude towards the acceptance of innovation introduced in FMCGs and their satisfaction with the innovation introduced. The article is exploratory and descriptive in nature. The authors adopted qualitative and quantitative techniques for data analysis and for drawing interpretations. The researcher distributed 250 questionnaires in the urban regions of Palakkad district in Kerala and succeeded in collecting 225 fully-filled in questionnaires from the respondents i.e., FMCGs consumers residing in Palakkad district. Found that 92 per cent of the sample consumers appreciated the innovation incorporated in a specific product design (changes in the shape and style of the product). FMCGs consumers claimed satisfaction with the innovation in FMCGs products' design (changes in the shape & style of the product) (87.91 per cent). It was concluded that there exists an association between the type of FMCGs innovation encountered by them and their post-purchase satisfaction realised by them. The article concluded with an awakening thought that FMCGs' buyer market is huge and completely different from other Asian and Western country buyers, as consumers are divided into different segments based on their demographic status, social class, regional impurities, religious practices, caste system, and various psychological aspects. The authors suggest that FMCGs manufacturers and marketers to understand the above-mentioned criteria while introducing a new product or innovative products in a specific segment and innovation should be combined with health, product features (natural /herbal etc.,) and environment-conscious features, to attract the buyer segment across all geographical regions and social segments.
Comparative Study of Traditional vs Blockchain-Based Cybersecurity Approaches
With the expanding digital infrastructures and the rise of increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, there is a growing need for Cybersecurity. For many decades classic cybersecurity implementations (like firewalls, IDS, detection systems, centralized authentication protocols) have formed the foundation for digital defense. But these ways have limitations such as single points of failure, poor transparency and susceptibility to advanced persistence threats. Due to these challenges, blockchain technology has evolved as a suitable solution because of its characteristics of decentralized, immutable, and transparent architecture. In this paper, we compare traditional cybersecurity approach with blockchain-based cybersecurity approach by discussing strengths, weaknesses and areas of use of each approach. Evaluation of parameters — Data integrity, Scalability, Access control, Detection of threats, Anti-fragility against attacks, Among these key parameters, the advantages of both paradigms are emphasized as a trade-off between each other. The paper investigates the impact of blockchain on trust, auditability, and distributed defence in the context of case studies and recent advancements in mainstream application fields such as finance, healthcare, and IoT networks. Results show that though foundational security will always depend on classical ideas, combat systems based on blockchain will bring higher resilience and most notably, trust, in cyber-war setting. Our comparative analysis can help researchers and practitioners who look for hybrid or blockchain-augmented cybersecurity solutions in the transforming digital world.
An Analytical Study on the Influence of Institutional and Demographic Factors on Emotional Intelligence, Workforce Diversity and Job Performance of Nurses Working in Hospitals of Palakkad District
The nursing profession faces growing challenges in providing high-quality patient care while dealing with the challenges of workforce diversity and emotional demands. The goa of this research is to investigate how institutional and demographic variables affect the emotional intelligence, workforce diversity and job performance of nurses employed in hospitals in Kerala’s Palakkad district in India. A sample of 185 nurses from different hospitals participated in a cross-sectional study. Validated tools that measures demographic factors, emotional intelligence and workforce performance were used to collect the data. To assess the relationships between the variables, statistical analysis such as Chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, t-tests and multiple regression were used. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between demographic variables and emotional intelligence, as well as a strong predictive link between workforce diversity and job performance. In addition, organisational variables were found to have an impact on nursing effectiveness, with gender, age and educational level being significant determinants of emotional intelligence and job performance. These results highlight the need of integrating institutional and demographic knowledge into initiatives aimed at improving the nursing workforce’s emotional intelligence and performance results.
Cybersecurity Consciousness in Hybrid Work: The Dominant Role of Organizational and Technological Support
Using regression analysis on a sample of 106 Bangalore- based IT professionals, this study looked at the variables affecting cybersecurity awareness in hybrid work settings. Cyber security Consciousness (CSC) according to the study, is a combination of behaviour, attitude, and awareness. Initial regression (Model 1) revealed no significance direct impact of work arrangement alone, despite descriptive statistics showing generally high CSC rating across work arrangements, especially for flexible and hybrid models. But according to the thorough Model 2, Work Environment Security, Organizational Support, and Technology infrastructure are all strategically significant positive predictors of CSC, with Organizational Support being the most powerful. Age also had a slight but noteworthy impact. Whether IT professionals work on-site, hybrid, or remotely, the positive effects of robust technology infrastructure and organizational support on cybersecurity consciousness appear to be constant, according to a subsequent (Model 3) that found no significant interaction effects between work arrangements (hybrid/remote) and these environmental factors. These results demonstrate how important organizational and technological environment elements are in raising cybersecurity awareness among IT workers on changing work models. rather than work arrangements. The practical implications suggest that organizations should prioritize organizational support, technology infrastructure, and work environment security rather than restricting work arrangement flexibility, as environmental support systems are more critical than physical work location for maintaining cybersecurity consciousness. The cross-sectional design prevents establishing causal relationships between variables, meaning we cannot determine whether environmental factors cause improved cybersecurity consciousness or if the relationship works in reverse. Investigating the mediating mechanisms that explain how environmental factors influence cybersecurity consciousness would provide deeper insights into the underlying processes and help develop more targeted interventions.
Volatility Analysis of Pharmaceutical Equity Shares in the Pre- and Post-Covid Period
This research delves into the intricacies of volatility within the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) context, specifically focusing on Pharmaceutical Companies (pre and post covid). Volatility, a fundamental aspect of financial markets, significantly impacts investment decisions and risk management strategies. This study employs diverse statistical tools, such as standard deviation, beta coefficients, and volatility indices, to analyses and interpret the fluctuation patterns in Equity Shares of handpicked Pharmaceutical Companies listed on the BSE. By scrutinizing historical stock price data and employing robust analytical techniques, the study aims to unravel distinct volatility trends within these Pharmaceuticals. The findings aim to offer investors, market analysts, and stakeholder valuable insights into the dynamics of volatility within the Pharma segment of the BSE, empowering them to make informed decisions and devise effective risk mitigation strategies in the Indian stock market landscape.
Feminism and Politics: Emerging Issues and Challenges in the 21st Century
Feminism is a theory developed over the several hundred years beginning from the 16TH Century onwards and till the present times, working in the direction of improving the overall situations of women in the socio-cultural and politico-economic system. Feminism places women at the center of debate and development and for improving the existing society, by way of raising issues related to women. They endeavor to see and solve problems from the point of view of women. Feminism is intimately inter-related with subjects like anthropology, biology, economics, history, law, literature, philosophy, political science, psychology, history, and theology. It works, develop theories, social network, in order to bring a positive change in the world, it has broadened and deepen over time. They try to locate themselves in which political and social experiences, they find themselves most often. Women all over the world plays a significant role, however, they think, their situations have not improved much over the years. Their role as a passive wives and mother, as a social and political actors are well-known. Despite their significance in every walk of life, they are ignored and yet to find adequate space in public life. Men are making private and public life successfully. Why women cannot with same level of dedication. It has been found that their role requirement in most situation always have been essential, however, their visibility and presence is conspicuously absent. Women in order to shoulder equal responsibility with their counterparts, along with family life, their social role and performance capability needs to be enhanced. Man as a master concept and patriarchal system is vehemently challenged and exposing masculinist bias. Feminism consistently working towards the process, relativizing master-man concept.
महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम (मनरेगा): ग्राम स्वराज की अवधारणा की ओर एक सशक्त कदम
महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम (मनरेगा) ग्रामीण भारत में सामाजिक सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने वाला एक ऐतिहासिक कानून है। यह अधिनियम ग्रामीण परिवारों को वर्ष में कम से कम 100 दिनों का बेरोजगारी रहित रोजगार उपलब्ध कराने की कानूनी गारंटी देता है। 2020–2025 के बीच हुए शोधों से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि मनरेगा ने गरीबी उन्मूलन, महिला सशक्तिकरण, पलायन में कमी, जल संरक्षण, ग्रामीण अवसंरचना विकास और टिकाऊ आजीविका को बढ़ावा दिया है। हालांकि, भुगतान में देरी, भ्रष्टाचार, न्यून मजदूरी, राजनीतिक हस्तक्षेप, तथा सामाजिक अंकेक्षण की प्रभावशीलता की चुनौतियाँ अब भी बनी हुई हैं। ई-गवर्नेंस, स्थानीय योजना निर्माण, कुशल श्रमिक विकास, और कार्य दिवसों में वृद्धि जैसे सुधार इसे और अधिक प्रभावशाली बना सकते हैं। मनरेगा आज भी ग्रामीण भारत के लिए महात्मा गांधी के ग्राम स्वराज की भावना को सशक्त रूप में जीवंत करता है।
Volatility Analysis of Pharmaceutical Equity Shares in the Pre and Post-Covid Period
The Power of Myth: Unpacking Trauma in Orhan Pamuk's The Red-Haired Woman
Greek and Persian mythology have complete authority over the characters in the novel The Red Haired Woman (TRHW), which has a unique plot structure. Cem, the main character in the novel and his spouse are acutely aware of the myth's repetition in their own lives. The primary cause of the alterations in their mental state is their belief in myth. Orham Pamuk eloquently describes the traumatic state of some of his characters in The Red Haired Woman (TRHW). Each person experiences pain and fear as a natural part of existence. Suffering is a persistent pain that can be recognized by a person's unspoken past life. One's previous life is the source of their current pain. As a businessman, Cem leads a nice existence, but as an adult, he has no one to help or mentor him. Trauma is a type of altered mental state. The protagonists' unhappy experiences from a previous existence serve as the foundation for their altered mental states. The underlying cause of the current trauma is the anguish from the past. Trauma is an emotional reaction to a life experience that was unanticipated. The three factors—fatherlessness, unintentional murder, and childlessness—are the main sources of misery, and they subsequently exacerbate the agony that results in traumatic neurosis. Reenacting an event while thinking about it repeatedly is known as traumatic neurosis. The current study examines specific psychological states as well as the protagonist's reactions to a number of traumatic events. Pamuk masterfully demonstrates how myth can become a cause for trauma, shaping the human experience and influencing our perceptions of fate and destiny. This paper examines the novel The Red Haired Woman from a psychological standpoint.
Soldiering and Society: A Socio-Historical Study of Military Recruitment and Rural Transformation in Haryana (1947–1999)
This research paper explores the dynamic relationship between military recruitment and rural societal transformation in Haryana from the post-Independence period to the end of the 20th century. By examining the historical context, socio-economic structures, cultural narratives, and regional disparities that shaped enlistment patterns, the study investigates how Haryana’s strong martial ethos translated into a distinctive socio-military identity. The paper delves into motivations for joining the armed forces—economic, symbolic, and social—and how service in the military facilitated upward mobility, especially among marginalized groups such as Dalits and backward castes. Special attention is paid to the role of caste, masculinity, and landholding in sustaining a militarised culture in Haryana, as well as the symbolic capital attached to military service. Through a mix of historical analysis, sociological theory, and regional case studies—particularly from districts like Rewari, Jhajjar, and Bhiwani—the study contributes to a broader understanding of how military service intersects with caste identity, gender roles, and rural modernity. The paper ultimately argues that soldiering in Haryana has functioned not merely as a career but as a mode of social reconfiguration and cultural prestige that continues to shape regional identities.
Patriarchy and Politics of Identity in Koral Dasgupta’s Ahalya
This paper examines the interplay of patriarchy and the politics of identity in Koral Dasgupta’s novella Ahalya. Through the lens of feminist literary criticism, the study investigates how Dasgupta portrays the struggles of women in a patriarchal society, focusing on the titular character, Ahalya. The narrative explores themes of agency, subjugation, and self-identity against the backdrop of traditional gender roles and societal expectations. By analyzing the characters, symbolism, and narrative structure, this paper highlights how Dasgupta critiques the oppressive nature of patriarchy while advocating for women's empowerment and self-definition.
A Study on Promoting Environmental Citizenship Behaviours among Faculty Members: The Impact of Organisational Environment and Green Work Engagement
This conceptual study explores the interrelationships among organisational environment, green work engagement, and environmental citizenship behaviours within higher education institutions. As universities increasingly adopt sustainability agendas, understanding the antecedents of pro-environmental conduct among faculty members becomes imperative. Drawing upon theories of organisational climate and employee engagement, the study proposes a framework suggesting that an enabling organisational environment which characterised by supportive leadership, clear sustainability policies, and collaborative culture, cultivates higher levels of green work engagement. In turn, this engagement is posited to enhance voluntary environmental citizenship behaviours, such as resource conservation, advocacy for eco-friendly practices, and the integration of environmental topics into teaching. The study further discusses how institutional norms and values can shape individual attitudes toward environmental responsibility. By synthesising prior research and conceptual models, the paper offers strategic insights for academic leaders aiming to foster sustainable work cultures. Implications for policy formulation, faculty development, and institutional reputation are also examined.
AI-Driven Dividend Signaling Theory: A Conceptual Framework for Computational Corporate Finance
Purpose: The paper attempts to develop a new theoretical model of AI-Driven Dividend Signaling Theory for understanding the integration of artificial intelligence technology into the classical signaling theory in providing significantly effective corporate payout decisions. The paper helps to explore the theoretical gap between traditional theory and algorithmic corporate finance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a theoretical modeling approach, the study combines the classical signaling theory with artificial intelligence in decision-making processes through mathematical representations. This exhibits how machine learning techniques work on data variability dynamics, signaling expenses, and market analysis methods. Findings: Three signaling levels are identified, namely, improved data processing, dynamic signal optimization, and computational market engagement from the theoretical framework where traditional signaling approaches and market interpretation transform at each level. Originality/Value: This paper is an introductory theoretical model intended for the AI-driven dividend policy in algorithmic corporate finance and also proposes testable hypotheses for further experiential studies.
Fostering Agro-Based Entrepreneurship: A Study of Rural Ecosystems in Southern Maharashtra
This research is based on understanding of how agro-based entrepreneurship can be developed in the rural systems of Southern Maharashtra particularly in the Kolhapur, Sangli, and Satara districts. It seeks to know about the character of the agro-entrepreneurial activities, the position of the stakeholders in the ecosystem and the socio-economic aspects involved in the success and the challenges of these enterprises. Through the mixed-methods approach, the study was carried out among 60 agro-entrepreneurs, and 30 in-depth interviews with officials of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and rural development NGOs were made. It was found that 33.3 percent of the entrepreneurs are in the business of agro-processing, 25 percent in dairy and 16.7 percent in organic farming. It was found that roughly 36.7 percent of the entrepreneurs turned to personal savings to provide start-up capital whereas only 20 percent utilized formal credit provided by banks. Moreover, lack of market access (72%) was considered to be a crucial hindrance by respondents, which was followed by the lack of appropriate training and opportunity of the development of skills (65%). Even though the limits were present, there was a consistent growth of revenues in 58 percent of the entrepreneurs once they had opened their businesses. The study reveals that the knowledge of increasing the availability of finance, segregated training, and promoting support institutions are critical to the development towards generating sustainable agro-based entrepreneurship. This study allows making recommendations to policymakers and development practitioners who want to stimulate rural development.
Unrestrained Expansion of Police Authority Under the BNSS and Its Effect on Accountability: A Critique
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 (hereinafter referred to as BNSS) introduced as part of the criminal law reforms in India, aims to modernize and consolidate laws governing public safety and police powers. While the intent behind such legislation is to address the changing dynamics of crime and security, concerns have been raised regarding the potential arbitrary expansion of police powers under this framework. The article wishes to critically examine the implications of such expansions, juxtaposing them against constitutional safeguards, human rights principles, and the democratic ethos of India. There are various provisions in the BNSS which challenge various constitutional safeguards, such as – right to dignity through handcuffing, right to speedy trial through preliminary inquiry, right to life and personal liberty through extension in police remand, presumption of innocence through the digital display of details of arrested persons, right to equality through cognizance of a complaint against a public servant, amongst others. The author aims to critically analyse the significant enhancement in the powers of the police officials. A balanced approach, emphasizing accountability, transparency, and adherence to human rights, is essential to ensure that the BNSS serves its intended purpose without compromising individual liberties. By addressing these concerns through robust legal and institutional frameworks, India can uphold its commitment to justice and the rule of law.
Intelligent Model to Implement Blended Learning Using Cloud Computing in Higher Education Institutes
“Blended learning”, a pedagogical approach combining traditional face-to-face instruction with online components, has garnered substantial attention in higher education. This study delves into the integration of an intelligent model for blended learning leveraging cloud computing technologies within the context of higher education institutes. Employing a comprehensive survey-based methodology involving 80 participants from diverse backgrounds, this research aimed to explore the correlation between blended learning and cloud computing. The findings of this study reveal robust positive correlation between blended learning and cloud computing. Statistical analysis, including a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.897 and a statistically significant F-statistic of 97.885 (sig. = 0.000, p < 0.05), underscore the strong relationship between these two domains. These results emphasize the substantial potential for enhancing educational practices and experiences in higher education through the strategic integration of cloud computing technologies into blended learning. Implications of this correlation are multifaceted and bear significant relevance for educational institutions. The synergy between blended learning and cloud computing offers opportunities for improved efficiency, scalability, cost-effectiveness, innovation in pedagogy, student engagement, data-driven decision-making, and continuous improvement. It calls for a holistic approach to educational transformation that accommodates diverse demographics and learning preferences.
Advanced Techniques for Secure and Efficient SDN Management a Survey
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has revolutionized network management by decoupling the control plane from the data plane, offering dynamic, programmable, and centralized network control. However, the complexity and scale of modern networks demand advanced techniques for secure and efficient SDN management. This survey explores cutting-edge methodologies, technologies, and strategies aimed at enhancing the security and efficiency of SDN infrastructures. The survey begins by examining security challenges in SDN environments, such as controller vulnerabilities, network attacks, and data privacy concerns. It then delves into security-enhancing techniques like access control mechanisms, encryption protocols, anomaly detection, and threat intelligence integration, providing insights into how these methods mitigate risks and fortify SDN infrastructures against cyber threats. On the efficiency front, the survey explores optimization techniques for resource allocation, traffic engineering, and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in SDN networks. It covers topics like network slicing, load balancing algorithms, dynamic routing strategies, and bandwidth management solutions, showcasing how these approaches enhance network performance, scalability, and resource utilization. Furthermore, the survey highlights emerging trends such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) applications in SDN security and management, discussing their potential to automate threat detection, optimize network operations, and adaptively respond to evolving network conditions.
Advancements In Energy Optimization and Security in Wireless Sensor Networks a Comprehensive Survey
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a crucial technology in various domains, including environmental monitoring, healthcare, industrial automation, and smart cities. However, the inherent constraints of WSNs, such as limited energy, computational capabilities, and communication range, pose significant challenges in ensuring their efficient operation and security. This comprehensive survey explores the recent advancements in energy optimization and security techniques tailored specifically for WSNs. The survey begins by examining energy-efficient protocols and algorithms designed to prolong the network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption during data transmission, aggregation, and routing. It discusses techniques such as data-centric routing, clustering, and duty cycling, along with advancements in energy harvesting and power management strategies. This article reviews 25 research papers for WSN and explores the potential of computer-assisted methods for efficient intrusion detection. Moreover, the survey delves into the critical aspect of security in WSNs, considering the vulnerabilities and threats unique to these networks, including node capture, tampering, eavesdropping, and denial of service attacks. It covers cryptographic techniques, key management schemes, intrusion detection systems, and secure routing protocols aimed at safeguarding data integrity, confidentiality, and availability in WSNs.
A Study on Users Behaviour and Adoption of Financial Technology (Fintech) with Special Reference to Coimbatore District
Fintech is the term for the newest procedures and goods that are made available for financial services and are made possible by advances in digital technology. "Technologically enabled financial innovation that could result in new business models, applications, processes, or products with an associated material effect on financial markets and institutions and the provision of financial services" is the precise definition of fintech given by the Financial Stability Board. Fintech has been growing quickly in the financial markets, and it is still unclear how they might affect banks and other financial institutions. This study comes to the conclusion that customers’ perceptions of the adoption of Fintech in banking services in Coimbatore city are realistic and open- minded.
Exploring Managerial Communication Principles: Insights from the Kamba Ramayana
This paper investigates the role of effective communication in Management as exemplified in the Kamba Ramayana. Indian epics, Ramayana and Mahabharatha are filled with deep lessons for leadership and communication. While the Kamba Ramayana has been widely studied from poetical and literary perspectives, limited research has been made in connection to management and communication attributes. This study examines the communication practices embodied in the Ramayana era and draws parallels with contemporary communication strategies, to highlight its continued relevance and application in modern management and leadership contexts. Drawing on the framework of the 7 Cs of communication - Completeness, Compact, Consideration, Concreteness, Clarity, Courtesy, Correctness, this research explores how these core principles of effective communication are demonstrated through key episodes and dialogues in the epic. This research specifically focuses on Hanuman’s interactions, analysing his role as an effective communicator in episodes such as his introduction to Rama and Lakshmana, the conversation with Sugriva, his mission to Lanka and his arguments in favour of accepting Vibhishana. Using the hermeneutic method, selected verses were analysed and interpreted to uncover the communicative competence embedded in Hanuman’s interactions. These scenarios illustrate how Hanuman exemplified all seven communication principles in his messages. This paper explores the link between ancient literary forms and modern management techniques, emphasizing how narratives such as the Kamba Ramayana provide enduring lessons for effective communication in leadership and management. This interdisciplinary approach underscores the relevance of structured and empathetic communication in enhancing leadership effectiveness. This paper also emphasizes the importance of adapting these timeless communication principles to contemporary organizational challenges, demonstrating their practical value in today’s dynamic management environments.
Social Media Marketing Activities: The Role of Culture in the Indian Context
Social media marketing (SMM) has become a cornerstone of contemporary business strategy, enabling brands to engage with consumers and drive commercial outcomes. A vast body of literature has explored the influence of social media marketing activities (SMMAs) on brand-related constructs and consumer behaviours, such as brand equity, purchase intention, and loyalty. However, a significant gap exists in the comprehensive integration of cultural variables into these research frameworks. This paper reviews the existing literature on SMMAs and their impact on consumer behaviour, with a specific focus on the unique cultural landscape of India. The analysis highlights that while SMMAs noticeably influence consumer outcomes, their effectiveness is profoundly mediated by cultural norms, values, and socio-economic dynamics specific to the Indian market. The paper argues for a more nuanced approach to SMM that accounts for cultural adaptation, regional diversity, and the digital divide, suggesting that a culturally sensitive framework is essential for designing effective and resonant marketing strategies in India.
The Role of ESP in Enhancing Academic and Professional Competence of Paramedical Students
The increasing global dominance of English as a lingua franca has intensified its significance across professional fields, particularly in healthcare education. Paramedical students in India often face linguistic barriers due to inadequate communicative competence, which hinders their academic growth and employability. This study explores the preparation and implementation of a need-based English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course designed for paramedical students in Gujarat. The research adopts a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design, focusing on the use of a multimedia package to develop field-specific communication skills. The ESP course was carefully tailored following a needs analysis to address academic challenges, clinical communication requirements, and professional aspirations of students. Findings highlight that English plays a pivotal role at global, national, and state levels, influencing education, employability, and social mobility (Graddol, 2010). Furthermore, the integration of technology, including initiatives such as SCOPE and DELL, has enhanced language teaching in Gujarat, though challenges persist in ensuring proficiency (Mynard, 2007). The significance of this research lies in bridging the gap between generic English instruction and the specific communicative demands of paramedicine, thereby fostering professional competence. The study contributes to ESP pedagogy by offering insights into curriculum design, methodological frameworks, and multimedia-based language enhancement strategies for healthcare learners. Ultimately, the research demonstrates that a structured ESP course not only improves academic and clinical communication but also strengthens career prospects and social integration of paramedical students in an increasingly globalized world.
Trope of the Ideal Versus Desirable Woman˗The Cilappatikāram the Tale of an Anklet
The aim of this paper is to determine the portrayal of female characters and gender relations in Ilanko Atikal’s Tamil epic Cilappatikāram. The depiction of the lead female character Kannaki in the stereotypical role of an ideal wife who transforms into a goddess when she discards her feminine self. She accomplishes this by discarding the symbols of femininity as defined by patriarchal socio-cultural forces operating in the society. This enables her in transcending the forces that were controlling her actions in the first part of the epic. The depiction of Matavi as talented but untrustworthy in the eyes of Kovalan defines the other spectrum of patriarchal forces. She is desirable, talented, someone men aspire for but on the other hand they fear her and consider her to be untrustworthy and manipulative. She is independent in many ways and hence poses a challenge to the established order. The definition of an ideal woman as represented by Kannaki is the acceptable norm. When Kannaki discards the symbols of feminism and becomes a destructive force she is also on the path of self-destruction. The raging female force has a transitional value. She is used to re-establish moral order in the society, the balance needs to be restored and she is the medium used for doing so. For her to have that power she needs to be unblemished and pious as per the acceptable moral code of the society. The two main female characters of the book represent the two types of women one in the role of an ideal wife, daughter, daughter-in-law the other an accomplished artist, a woman of independent standing in the society.
"Youth Consumer Behavior and Its Effect on Film Product Placement in Ernakulam District, Kerala"
Movies revolutionized and transformed the world of entertainment, offering a level of glitter, glory, and glamour that no other media form could match. Movie makers, known as dream merchants, combine artistry and business acumen to create a thriving, million-dollar industry. Consequently, films provide an excellent platform for product branding. A brand refers to a name, term, design, or other distinguishing feature that sets one seller's product apart from others. Brands play a crucial role in business, marketing, and advertising. A successful brand can be defined as "an identifiable product, service, person, or place, augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant, unique, sustainable added values that align with their needs" (DeChernatony and McDonald, 2003). Based on this definition, consumers associate products or services with their distinct features, attributes that set them apart from others in some way. Levine (2003) suggests that a brand isn't necessarily limited to a product, organization, or title; it can be anything that is identifiable.
Antifungal Properties of Hydrazine Derivatives and Metal Complexes
Hydrazine derivatives and their metal complexes have attracted considerable attention from the medicinal chemists because of their wide-range biological activities including antifungal properties. These complexes contain the hydrazine (–NH–NH2) moiety with sites for functionalization and chelation with different metal ions. Owing to their structural flexibility, Many hydrazine derivatives can be easily synthesized and several proved to have potential antifungal activity such as hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones and Schiff bases. When formed with copper, cobalt, zinc, nickel and iron, these molecules have a pronounced antifungal activity. The metal complexation increases not only the stability of the ligand scaffold, but also lipophilicity and bioavailability of the compounds and, consequently, increased their potential therapeutic properties. It was recently reported that hydrazine-metal complexes exert their antifungal activity through various kind of actions such as disruption of membrane potential, inhibition on the biosynthesis of ergosterol, intercalation into DNA, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These mechanisms of action are critical in defeating resistance to fungi. For instance, hydrazone ligands have been demonstrated to form complexes with Cu(II), Zn(II) or Co(II) ions that are potent against clinical strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum[12. In addition, comparisons of several kinds of metal complex have demonstrated the attachments of central metal ions on the antifungal efficacy. The pharmacokinetic improvements mediated by the metal-hydrazine complexes are also remarkable. Such advantages extend from better permeation through the membrane, to lower toxicity and in vivo systemic availability, to a more prolonged therapeutic effectiveness of the controlled release of the metal ion. In addition, metal-binding could shield hydrazine derivatives from rapid metabolic clearance, improving their potential clinical utility. Nevertheless, it has many attractive properties; however, the problems with such potential cytotoxicity to human cells, low water solubility, and poor in vivo and clinical efficacy. This review summarizes the synthetic method, structural parameters, antifungal mechanisms, comparative effectiveness and the pharmacokinetic properties of hydrazine-metal complexes. It also considers the problems that need to be overcome to support the clinical development of these agents. The future prospects of research are discussed, which involve study on biocompatible metal ions as new gene carriers, targeted systems for delivery, and synthesis through green chemistry approaches. Given the escalating pattern of fungal resistance to current antifungal drugs, the metal complexes of hydrazine derivatives appear to be one of the most promising sources for the development of new antifungal drugs, which may be particularly useful to fill the existing gap with the current antifungal agents.
"Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazine Derivatives."
Hydrazine-based derivatives are an important class of compounds in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, not only because of their diverse chemical reactivity, but also because of their broad spectrum of biological and industrial uses. These compounds possess an interesting pharmacological profile due to the presence of the –NH–NH₂ group that permits a variety of synthetic processes such as condensations, cyclizations and substitutions. The considerable structural versatility of hydrazine-based frameworks makes them popular in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, corrosion inhibitors and energetic materials. This paper aims to review the different types of synthetic methods used for the synthesis of hydrazine derivatives including classical methods and modern methods (such as solvent-free reaction, microwave-assisted synthesis and green chemistry routes). Additionally, sophisticated characterization techniques such as spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, UV-Vis) and chromatographic and crystallographic measurements are covered in detail with their novelty in guaranteeing structural identification and purity_relying. Highlights are presented on new progress in structure-activity correlations (SAR) and bioactivity, (in particular: on antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory actions). The review also gives insight on the rising applications and the future potential of hydrazine chemistry in drug discovery and material science. This review is intended as a reference source for scientists working in the field of design and function of hydrazine-based derivatives that critically analyse and compile the recent literature.
Thyagasilar Kakkan: An Architect of Transformative Education
This article closely examines Kakkan’s contribution to educating society, shaping lives and building a better future; Kakkan improved the quality of life of the people of Tamil Nadu by providing access to knowledge and skills. He helped individuals to rise above poverty, secure better jobs, and make informed decisions. This has resulted in transforming countless lives. Educationalists like Sarveypalli Radhakrishnan and social activists like Nelson Mandela have championed education as a tool for societal upliftment, emphasizing its importance as a universal right. Kakkan's contribution to educating society comes in diverse forms, like giving formal education accessible to everyone, especially marginalised communities. He also introduced vocational training programmes to make learning more inclusive and practical. Kakkan’s stood for eradicating inequality and promoting social justice.
Invisibility Unveiled: A Study of Wellsian Complex Character in 'The Invisible Man'
H.G.Wells novel “ The Invisible Man” delves into the multifaceted character of the invisible man in H.G. Wells' iconic novel. This study explores the transformation of the protagonist from visibility to invisibility and the profound psychological and ethical dilemmas that ensue. The paper delves into the scientific and moral aspects of invisibility, examining the character's descent into secrecy, alienation, and ultimately, madness. It scrutinizes the ethical implications of wielding the power of invisibility and how it leads to moral degradation, shedding light on broader philosophical questions of identity and accountability.Furthermore, this analysis discusses the broader implications of the invisible man's character within the context of H.G. Wells' body of work, emphasizing the recurring theme of the consequences of unchecked scientific experimentation and the impact on human psychology.In conclusion, "Invisibility Unveiled" offers a comprehensive exploration of the complex character in 'The Invisible Man,' highlighting how Wells masterfully weaves science, morality, and psychology into a narrative that continues to captivate and provoke thought, leaving readers to ponder the intricacies of invisibility and its consequences on the human psyche.
Role of the British Government in the Administration of Justice in the Princely States of India
Until recent decades, Rajasthan’s princely states were governed under the feudal rule and traditional political systems. In the early 19th century, the British East India Company entered into subsidiary alliances with these princely states, through which they effectively gained political control. After these agreements, the princely states of Rajasthan remained nominally independent but, in reality, came under British influence. This process preserved the old feudal framework while introducing a new dimension of communalism. Following these arrangements, the British government began implementing modern administrative institutions—such as legal systems, revenue departments, police, and courts. However, the establishment of this modern communalism was merely a superficial change; its control remained in the hands of the same feudal elites whose primary aim was to safeguard their own interests rather than work for the welfare of the common people. This research examines the socio-political structures that emerged in Rajasthan’s princely states after the subsidiary alliances made by the British East India Company in the 19th century. Through these arrangements, the British government, while not directly annexing the princely states, succeeded in establishing political and economic dominance over them. Although the British introduced the concept of modern communalism, the actual political order remained under the authority of the feudal elite, which not only maintained social inequality but also reinforced it in institutional form.
A Study on Role of Social Media in Political Awareness in India
The major research question in the proposed study is to find out relationship between the variables of social media and political awareness. The main aim of the study is to find out the role of social media in political awareness in India. The increasing dependence on technology for basic communication also highlights the importance of analyzing how SNs are affecting day to day life of the people. Sites like facebook, twitter and whatsapp are influencing the way users establish, maintain and collative a range of social relationships, from close friendships to casual acquaintances. It is clear from the study that a large number of respondents follow political campaigns on social media and a large number of respondents found it very important. Also the results shows that BJP is the most popular party on social networking sites and the study revealed that Rahul Gandhi is the most popular politician on social networking sites.
Emotional Stability and Academic Achievement in Post-Pandemic Education: A Comprehensive Review of Global and Indian Perspectives
The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically altered educational systems worldwide, disrupting not only academic progress but also the emotional well-being of students. This review synthesizes global and Indian literature on the relationship between emotional stability and academic achievement in the post-pandemic era. It examines theoretical foundations, the role of socio-demographic factors, school-type disparities, and the psychological resilience required for learning recovery. The paper integrates findings from diverse studies, highlighting common patterns, regional differences, and evidence-based strategies for enhancing emotional and academic outcomes in secondary school students. It concludes with recommendations for policy, practice, and research, emphasizing the interconnected nature of mental health and scholastic performance in the evolving educational landscape.
Post-COVID School Education and Its Impact on Emotional Stability and Academic Achievement: An Empirical Study among High School Students of Thrissur District, Kerala
Global education systems were severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which prompted a swift transition to online and hybrid learning environments. This study examines how high school students in Kerala's Thrissur District fare academically and emotionally after completing post-COVID education. Data were gathered from a stratified random sample of kids representing different school types, genders, and residence areas using a quantitative descriptive research approach. Academic achievement was evaluated using standardized pre- and post-COVID academic records, and emotional stability was determined using a validated questionnaire. Results showed a significant drop in academic scores after COVID (p < 0.001), with students from CBSE and ICSE schools, urban dwellers, and female students outperforming their peers. In the post-pandemic setting, there was a somewhat favorable connection (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) between academic accomplishment and emotional stability, and emotional stability ratings were higher among female students and students in metropolitan areas. These findings demonstrate how psychological resilience and learning outcomes are interwoven, and they are consistent with theoretical frameworks including Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and emotional intelligence models. The study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive post-pandemic recovery plans that incorporate programs to foster emotional resilience with curriculum reinforcement. Bridging the digital divide, offering targeted support for vulnerable populations, and integrating Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) into school programming are some of the recommendations. The results add to the expanding corpus of research on educational rehabilitation and provide useful information for educators, legislators, and mental health specialists.
Deconstruction of Patriarchy in the Graphic Novels of Amruta Patil: A Derridean Study
A patriarchal social structure is one in which men dominate positions of authority in the political, economic, religious, and cultural spheres. This dominance, which oppresses women while systemically reiterating male privilege, is socially produced rather than biologically determined. The study makes the case that Patil represents a visual counter discourse to ingrained patriarchal and narrative hierarchies by contrasting gendered marginality, mythic authority, and queer embodiment across Patil’s works. Within gendered and mythic contexts, her stories depict self-identity as insurgent assertion rather than as surrender. This paper examines viewpoint of various female characters of Amruta Patil, as well as their fight against patriarchy. The concepts of patriarchy in Amruta Patil’s graphic novels are examined in this paper. Through an analysis of Patil’s works, including “Kari,” “Adi Parva,” “Sauptik,” and “Aranyaka,” the study looks at the hardships and tenacity of women in a patriarchal culture. The study sheds insight on the larger conversation of gender equality in the Indian setting by highlighting the feminist consciousness in her characters and their pursuit of autonomy and self-expression. Patil’s writings present a complex depiction of female lives and hardships while delving deeply into the topic of patriarchy. Her characters strive for strength and personal freedom by questioning social conventions and conventional gender roles. Patil makes a substantial contribution to the feminist conversation in Indian literature with her writings, inspiring readers to consider gender roles and the continuous pursuit of equality. Her books stimulate critical conversations on women's rights and social change in addition to enhancing the literary canon.
Unveiling the Complexity of Human Relationships: A Study of "Dance of the Happy Shades"
This research paper explores the intricate dynamics of human relationships in Alice Munro's short story "Dance of the Happy Shades." Through a close reading of the narrative, this study examines how Munro masterfully weaves together themes of family, identity, and social class to reveal the complexities of human interaction. The paper argues that the story's seemingly ordinary events belie a profound exploration of the human condition, exposing tensions between appearance and reality, and the fragility of relationships. By analyzing the narrative's use of symbolism, characterization, and subtlety, this research sheds light on Munro's nuanced portrayal of human experience and the ways in which her work continues to resonate with readers today. Furthermore, this study also highlights the significance of Munro's narrative technique in capturing the inner lives of her characters, particularly the protagonist, Miss Marsalles. By delving into the psychological nuances of the characters, the paper demonstrates how Munro's storytelling skillfully conveys the intricacies of human emotions, desires, and disappointments. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of Munro's literary craftsmanship and the enduring relevance of her work in contemporary literary studies. Moreover, the findings of this research have implications for broader discussions of literary representation and the human experience. By examining the ways in which Munro's story navigates the complexities of human relationships, this study offers insights into the ways in which literature can capture the messy, often contradictory nature of human life. As such, this research contributes to ongoing conversations about the role of literature in reflecting and shaping our understanding of the human condition, and highlights the continued importance of Munro's work in these discussions. This study underscores the significance of Alice Munro's "Dance of the Happy Shades" as a rich and nuanced exploration of human relationships, identity, and the human condition. The paper's findings offer a deeper understanding of Munro's literary technique and its resonance with readers, and demonstrate the continued relevance of her work in contemporary literary studies. As such, this research provides a valuable contribution to the ongoing scholarly conversation about Munro's oeuvre and its enduring importance in the literary canon. Alice Munro, short story, human relationships, family dynamics, identity, social class.
About the Characteristics of the Copperplates which Help to Know the History of South India
The practice of writing down the messages of a time to pass them down to the next generation has been in practice since ancient times. Copper is a metal plate used in ancient times to record events such as temple donations of kings, genealogies, war records, grants of lands, towns, and other grants to public institutions or individuals, as well as traditional stories. All the Copperplates are ancient government documents containing notes on the actions of the monarchs from the date of their decrees to their execution, which cannot be read easily by everyone. Copperplates help a lot to learn about history. The letters engraved on the copper plate are Copperplates. These are also called charters. Cut in Copperplate is called Darma sasanam. Coppers have been available in abundance since the Pallavar period. These help a lot to understand how the Tamil language was written at the time of its emergence. These are the archaeological evidences of ancient times. Tamil coppers are mostly dated to the early 10th century to the 19th century AD. These mostly belong to the period of the Chalukya Chola Vijayanagara kings and are very valuable in terms of inscriptions for understanding the social conditions of medieval South India. Copperplates do not perish like footprints naturally. Ancient people buried Copperplates in the earth to read and protect them. Copperplates cannot be said to belong to that place only by the place where they are found. Copperplates are also worth mentioning among the various historical sources. We can clearly see the history of South India through Pallavar, Pandya, Chola, Crerar, Vijayanagara Nayakas Sethupathi and others. We will see about their special nature and their characteristics in this research paper.
A General Survey of the Art and Architecture of Vijayanagar
The Hindu Vijayanagar Empire was headquartered in South India's Deccan plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I (1336–1356 CE), it flourished politically and culturally under Emperor Krishna Deva Raya (1509–1529 CE) until 1646, when the Muslim Sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda seized it. Patronage helped the empire's fine arts and literature flourish, and its sculpture, painting, and architecture shaped South Indian arts long after the empire ended. This century saw major breakthroughs in Hindu temple construction, and the Vijayanagar style of architecture, whose best specimens are in Hambi, combined various South Indian temple building traditions and styles. Vijayanagar architecture was religious, courtly, and municipal. It’s perfect blend of Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya, and Chola styles from prior centuries evokes the simplicity and calm of the past. As with the Badami Chalukyas, local hard granite was the preferred building material, but soapstone, which was soft and easily carved, was also used for reliefs and cultures. Wall paintings in the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi depict the Dashavatara (the Ten Avatars of Vishnu) and the Girijakalyana (the marriage of Shiva's consort Parvati); the Shivapurana murals (the Tales of Shiva) at the Virabhadra temple at Lepakshi; and those at the Kamaakshi and Varadaraja temples in Kanchi. The 1500-page Sritattvanidhi, commissioned by MummadiKrishnarajaWodeyar, is the most famous Mysore school manuscript. The representations of gods, goddesses, and mythological figures in this graphic compilation provide painters advice on composition, color, personality, and mood. These paintings also portray seasons, eco-happenings, animals, and plants. The Visnudharmottara Purana, Abhilasitarthacintamani, and Sivatatvaratnakara also discuss painting's goals and principles, pigment preparation, brushes, chitrakar qualifications, and technique.
Refining Research Methodology and Assessing Feasibility: A Pilot Study on the Impact of Online Marketing Factors on E-Pharmacy Adoption and E-Consumer Behavior in Bangalore.
This pilot study explores the influence of online marketing factors on E-Pharmacy adoption and e-consumer behavior in Bangalore. The research aims to refine the methodology for a larger, comprehensive study by defining and testing key variables, collecting preliminary data, and identifying potential challenges. A sample of 177 participants from diverse backgrounds was surveyed using a multi-source approach, including E-Pharmacy platforms, healthcare providers, academic institutions, and online healthcare communities. Data collection involved informed consent and an online questionnaire, with a commendable response rate of approximately 75%. The study utilized Cronbach's Alpha to assess the internal consistency of the questionnaire, factor analysis with Varimax rotation to interpret relationships between user behavior variables, and correlation analysis to examine the relationships between user trust, satisfaction, and other factors. The findings indicate varying levels of internal consistency, highlighting areas for refinement. The results provide insights into the correlation between user trust, satisfaction, and online marketing strategies, suggesting that enhancements in user interface, payment security, and delivery reliability can significantly impact E-Pharmacy adoption. This pilot study lays the foundation for a more extensive investigation, contributing valuable knowledge to the E-Pharmacy sector and offering practical implications for operators, policymakers, and consumers.
Navigating the Legal Landscape: Rights Awareness and Success in Migrant Entrepreneurship
Legal awareness, which includes knowledge of personal, economic, political, cultural, and social rights, plays a fundamental role in entrepreneurial success yet remains underexplored in the context of migrant entrepreneurship. This study examines how multidimensional legal awareness influences the perceived entrepreneurial success of interstate migrant entrepreneurs in Kerala, India. Drawing on Institutional Theory, legal awareness is conceptualized as a vital internal competency that reduces uncertainty, facilitates strategic decision-making, and enhances access to institutional resources. Using a quantitative survey of 298 migrant entrepreneurs, the study employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the direct effects of different legal-rights dimensions on entrepreneurial success perceptions. The findings reveal that legal awareness significantly contributes to entrepreneurs’ ability to navigate complex regulatory environments, build social legitimacy, and sustain their ventures. Economic rights awareness emerges as a particularly strong driver by providing entrepreneurs with protections that underpin business stability and innovation. Cultural and personal rights also play crucial roles by fostering community acceptance and ensuring operational autonomy. Political and social rights, while less direct, empower entrepreneurs to engage with governance and maintain resilience through social inclusion. This research advances Institutional Theory by demonstrating that knowledge of formal legal rights is not merely contextual background but a key resource actively leveraged by migrant entrepreneurs to achieve success. The study provides practical insights for policymakers and support organizations, highlighting the importance of targeted legal education, culturally informed entrepreneurship programs, and accessible legal resources to empower migrant entrepreneurs in emerging economies. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the legal dimensions of entrepreneurial success and offer actionable strategies for fostering inclusive and resilient migrant entrepreneurship.
A Study on Crisis Management in Tourism in Tamil Nadu, India
The tourism industry in Tamilnadu, is one of the India’s most vibrant diverse travel destinations plays a critical role in the state’s economy and cultural exchange. Crisis diverts tourist inflows from a particular place to other places and affecting negatively local communalities, development of tourism and tourists. Tourists are agreed with tourism sector is proactive in forecasting crisis, tourism sector has efficient crisis management strategies, tourism sector executes preventive measures well for management of crisis, tourism sector has effective communication system, tourism sector has good liaison with crisis management agencies, tourism sector supplies adequate resources for crisis management operations and tourism sector monitors and reviews crisis in tourism places regularly. Significant difference exits between demographics of tourists and their opinion towards crisis management in tourism. Opinion towards crisis management in tourism has positive, high and significant relationship with sustainable development of tourism. Thus, tourism sector should provide sufficient security for buildings and equipments in tourist places and it must have adequate professionals for handling crisis management. In addition, tourism sector should continuously improve crisis management practices. It is the need of the hour to identify the potential risks in tourism places and develop the necessary plans to protect the lives of tourists. Advanced Communication technology plays a crucial role in Crisis management and the implementation of the advanced technologies will ensure the crisis management. It is important to know the level of crisis management in Indian tourism industry to develop with advanced tools. The study also proposes the effective crisis management in tourism industry will ensure the sustainable growth in the industry.
Bhava to Bytes: A Multimodal Fusion of Indian Culture and Emotion-Aware AI
This work explores the relationship between deep emotional frameworks embedded in Indian heritage, tradition, and culture and multimodal affective computing. India offers a rich tapestry of emotional expression through Ayurveda, traditional dance, music, and spiritual practices that have their roots in philosophies like Navarasa and Bhava-Rasa. These age-old methods convey complex emotions through movement, song, and ritual. Through the integration of these cultural idioms with modern computational techniques. Emotionally intelligent technology must be inclusive, culturally aware, and grounded in a range of expressive traditions. RASA-Net proposed a multimodal deep learning framework that blends India's traditional Rasa theory with state-of-the-art emotion recognition. By combining visual cues from Kathak and Bharatanatyam dance, vocal tonality guided by Sanskrit, text in the Indic language, and yogic physiological markers, RASA-Net offers culturally nuanced emotion classification. Comparative evaluations reveal significant advancements over largely Western-centric baselines, especially in the areas of complex emotional states and abrupt changes. Ethical guidelines for algorithmic accountability, data dignity, and cultural consent guarantee responsible deployment.
Analysing the Customary Law of Totemic Species among the Gond Tribes of India
Totemism a traditional belief system based on a collection of tangible things that Savage considers with superstitious veneration, generally a species of animal or plant. Totemism functions as both a spiritual belief system and a framework for social organization. Totemism fosters clan unity and regulates relations between clans through mutual respect and protection between individuals and their totems. The Gonds, like other tribes in India, continue to follow their traditional practise of totemistic beliefs. Totemism holds significant importance among the Gond tribes in India. The Gond community has developed certain customary rules protecting their totems. The influence of these totemic beliefs has shaped religion and cultural identity. The present study, therefore, aims to highlight the customary laws associated with totemic beliefs among the Gond tribes in India. The qualitative research data used in this study was gathered from secondary sources, including books, journal articles, and online texts.
Need Of Vocational Training for the Upliftment of Socio-Economic Status of the Tribal Women at Namakkal District
This study explores the socio-economic challenges faced by tribal women in Namakkal District and examines the role of vocational training in enhancing their skills, economic independence, and overall empowerment. Tribal women experience compounded difficulties, navigating the intersection of gender-based inequalities and the socio-economic constraints within their communities. The lack of access to quality education and vocational training further exacerbates their economic vulnerability. Vocational training programs, though increasingly available through government and non-governmental efforts, can be transformative for tribal women, offering them opportunities for skill development and economic independence. However, these programs remain underutilized due to factors such as lack of awareness, financial barriers, and entrenched societal norms. This article delves into the specific challenges faced by tribal women and examines how vocational training can empower them, enhance their skills, and improve their overall quality of life, ultimately fostering greater social and economic inclusion. A sample size of 110 tribal women was selected from various tribal communities to ensure diversity and Stratified Random Sampling technique was implemented. To analyze the collected data the statistical tools used were Simple Percentage Analysis, Chi-square, Correlation Analysis & Multiple Regression analysis. The findings suggest that while awareness of vocational programs is relatively high, participation remains limited due to factors like lack of information and financial constraints. The study emphasizes the need for improved access to training, financial support, and awareness to empower tribal women.
A Theoretical Panorama on Women's Transformation from Affliction to Admiration in the works of Sudha Murthy
This study investigates the representation of resilience in Sudha Murthy's literary works through an examination of female protagonists' transformative journeys from positions of affliction to admiration. While existing scholarship has explored themes of women's empowerment in contemporary Indian literature, limited attention has been paid to the specific mechanisms of resilience and transformation in Murthy's works. Through close textual analysis of four key texts—Mahasweta, House of Cards, Dollar Bahu, and Wise and Otherwise—this research applies Ann S. Masten's theoretical framework of "ordinary magic" to analyze how resilience manifests through adaptive capacity, vulnerability management, agency development, and transformative recovery. The study argues that Murthy's portrayal of resilience transcends individual survival to become a catalyst for broader social change in contemporary Indian society. Focusing on the period from 2003 to 2007, this investigation examines how Murthy's characters navigate personal, social, and economic challenges while maintaining cultural authenticity. The findings reveal that resilience in Murthy's works operates on both individual and collective levels, with characters not only overcoming personal adversities but also contributing to social transformation. This research contributes to the understanding of how contemporary Indian literature portrays women's resilience while addressing broader themes of social change and cultural evolution in modern India.
Exploring Feminism in Kamala Markandaya's Novels
This research abstract investigates the portrayal of feminist themes and female identity in the novels of Kamala Markandaya, a pioneering Indian author in English literature. Markandaya's works provide a nuanced exploration of women's experiences within the socio-cultural context of India, challenging traditional gender roles and societal expectations. Through a comprehensive analysis of Markandaya's narratives, this study aims to unveil the multifaceted dimensions of female identity as depicted in her novels. The research delves into the ways in which Markandaya's female characters navigate issues of autonomy, agency, and societal constraints, offering insights into the transformative potential of literature in advocating for gender equality. Key themes explored include the intersectionality of gender with other social identities, resistance against patriarchal norms, and the empowerment of female characters in the face of adversity. Through this research, we aim to highlight the enduring relevance of Markandaya's narratives in inspiring critical dialogue and advancing feminist scholarship within literary studies. Ultimately, this research abstract illuminates Kamala Markandaya's legacy as a trailblazing feminist writer whose narratives continue to resonate with contemporary discussions on gender, identity, and social justice.
Debility of Physique and Cognizance Captured by Indu Sundaresan in The Shadow Princess
Disabilities are of different types and each pose differing levels of severity. Life with challenging physical or mental conditions is neither humble nor relaxed. Dependency on others for meagre needs cripples the confidence too; but is always not the physical conditions alone that pose challenges, even incapacitated thoughts can incur trials. Situations like losing someone dearest, accidents, malignant circumstances, medical incapacities and psychological challenges all can become problematic and freeze the stable conditions of a person. The Shadow Princess by Indu Sundaresan is a historical novel based on Mughal empire, and the reign of Shah Jahan. The unexpected sudden demise of the emperor’s wife brings many challenging conditions to the forefront. The problems are not literal disabilities of challenged group, rather it is an assortment feelings and disabilities of inner and out self. The psychological disabilities could be experienced through the characters of Shah Jahan and Jahanara; his eldest daughter. This paper focusses on some of the debilities of body and mind captured in the novel.
Use of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) Apps in Teaching English to Engineering Students – A Study
Proficiency in written and spoken English is becoming increasingly crucial for engineering students to thrive in their academic and professional endeavors. Mobile-Assisted Language Learning applications have been created as a means to assist language learners in studying on an individualized basis, providing them with flexibility and ease of access. This paper examines the potential application of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) applications in the delivery of English language instruction targeted at engineering students. This study explores different theoretical frameworks in the fields of language acquisition, educational technology, and engineering education. Its objective is to analyze the advantages, difficulties, and consequences of integrating innovative Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) applications into the English Language curriculum specifically tailored for engineering students. This research conducts a comprehensive assessment of the influence of MALL apps on the language proficiency requirements of engineering students, as well as their motivation and excitement. Lastly, this paper address pedagogical factors and suggestions for researchers and tutors that utilize MALL applications in English engineering lessons.
Hybrid Identities and Cultural Dissonance in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake
The well known phrase ‘diaspora’ refers to the people of dispersion from their native soil to overseas. Diasporic folks often endure emotional and mental challenges such as alienation, defencelessness, cultural dislocation and a fragmented sense of identity both in personally and as a group. They often find themselves trapped between the customs of their native culture and the expectations of the adopted one. While striving to maintain their own cultural values in an unfamiliar land, they also have to trust that their children will maintain their home traditions. Conversely, the second generation immigrants face the twin burden of satisfying their parents’ cultural expectations while concurrently adapting to the norms of their exotic peers, resulting in a conflicted and separated identity. The same issue was dealt in the novel The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri who is a second generation immigrant, explored the exertion of migrated Bengali family in Boston. This study aims to analyse the diasporic sensitivity and cultural conflicts that are confronted by both first and second generation immigrants of America.
Bhabani’s He Who Rides A Tiger: Caste System and Problems of Poor People
This paper analyzes Bhabani Bhattacharya's novel He Who Rides a Tiger (1954) as a critique of India's caste system and its impact on the poor. Set during the 1943 Bengal famine, the novel explores themes of social injustice and the struggle for dignity through its protagonist, Kalo. The paper examines the central metaphor of riding a tiger, representing the trap of caste identity. It highlights Bhattacharya's unflinching portrayal of poverty and caste prejudice, drawing on literary critics' interpretations. The analysis covers the psychological toll of the caste system, the novel's direct prose style, and its relevance to contemporary Indian society. While the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the novel's themes and critical reception, it could benefit from a more rigorous examination of Bhattacharya's literary techniques and a comparative analysis with other works addressing similar themes.
Multifaceted Representations of Love in Nicholas Sparks’s The Notebook: A Theoretical Exploration
Nicholas Sparks’s novel, The Notebook, offers a profound narrative that transcends conventional romantic fiction by embedding complex psychological, emotional, and sociocultural dimensions of love. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the central relationship between Noah Calhoun and Allie Nelson through the lens of eleven established theories of love, including Attachment Theory, Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, and Chapman's Five Love Languages. Drawing on extensive textual evidence, the study meticulously illustrates how the love depicted in The Notebook evolves from passionate infatuation to enduring companionate love, and ultimately to a state of unconditional, selfless devotion. By applying a multidisciplinary theoretical framework, enriched with contemporary psychological research, this paper argues that the novel not only engages readers on an emotional level but also serves as a compelling literary case study for understanding the multifaceted nature and developmental trajectory of human love. The analysis positions the narrative as a rich text for examining how love is conceptualized, expressed, sustained, and ultimately tested by time, memory, and societal pressures, thereby highlighting its significance in the broader context of romantic literature and the psychology of interpersonal relationships.
Amit Chaudhuri's “The Immortals" as a Postmodernist Manifesto
"Irony is duty” states Friedrich Schlegel in his 481st fragments of his 'Fragments Concerning Literature’. In this analysis irony is not simply a rhetorical figure rather it is an implication of the mind reflecting upon itself and conditions human consciousness, it is an evocation of modern mankind’s emerging historical awakening within the growth of human race. Postmodernism depends on narrative techniques like paradox, fragmentation, parody and irony. The postmodern narrative is said to have boomed after World War II. Amit Chaudhuri is one of the new wave of Indian authors with deep roots in post emergency contemporary India, who came to prominence during 1990 by his first novel Strange and Sublime Address. He has written seven novels and The Immortals is his fifth novel published in 2009. The Immortals portrays the delicate sophistication of Chaudhuri’s art and his thirst for music. The narrative voice itself is enrolled to create an ironical atmosphere pervading the whole work. This paper intends to propound on postmodern irony and also attempts to bring out the narrative style of the writer.
A Study of Impact of Organizational Commitment on Employee Engagement and Employee Satisfaction in IT Sector
This study investigates the impact of organizational commitment on employee engagement and employee satisfaction in the IT sector, a field characterized by rapid technological change, high attrition rates, and growing competition for skilled professionals. The research is designed to understand how different dimensions of organizational commitment affective, continuance, and normative affect employees’ involvement in their work and their overall job satisfaction. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from 150 respondents working across various management levels in IT organizations. The data was analyzed using correlation and ANOVA tests to examine the strength and significance of relationships between the variables. The results highlight that organizational commitment plays a crucial role in shaping employee engagement and satisfaction, with statistically significant relationships observed between job involvement and all three forms of commitment. The findings further reveal that employee engagement and overall organizational commitment vary significantly across different levels of management, with higher levels of commitment and engagement observed among middle and top management employees as compared to those in lower management. This suggests that organizational hierarchy and professional growth influence how employees perceive their roles and responsibilities. The study provides valuable insights for IT organizations to strengthen their HR practices by fostering a supportive work environment, promoting career growth opportunities, and developing strategies to enhance both engagement and satisfaction through commitment-building initiatives. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of organizational commitment as a critical driver of sustainable employee performance, loyalty, and retention in the IT sector.
Retaining Tacit Knowledge in High-Turnover Indian Automotive Embedded Engineering Companies: An Integrated Theoretical and Practical Framework
Tacit knowledge comprising experiential problem-solving, nuanced technical judgment, and client-specific adaptation—forms the backbone of India’s automotive embedded engineering sector, enabling compliance with rigorous standards such as ISO 26262, AUTOSAR, and ASPICE. Yet, this non-codified expertise is increasingly at risk in an environment marked by high turnover due to competitive talent poaching, contract-based staffing, and short job tenures. This study develops an integrated retention framework combining Nonaka et al.’s SECI model, Tan et al.’s live capture methodology, and Mohamed & Nordin’s lean tacit transfer strategies with behavioral and generational insights from Gaghman (2019) and Tokarz &Rosinski (2024). A mixed-methods survey of 91 managers and team leads from Chennai, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Cochin managing teams of 2–50 members with 3–20 years of experience revealed weak retention systems, unclear competency mapping, high perceived turnover risk, and moderate organizational support. The findings underscore the need for a multi-layered approach that integrates SECI-based workflows, generativity-driven mentoring, trust-based behavioral enablers, and lean-frugal skill transfer platforms, institutionalized within HR policy and operational routines. The proposed framework offers a scalable, context-specific strategy for sustaining tacit knowledge, strengthening organizational resilience, and safeguarding innovation capacity in high-attrition engineering environments.
Optical Wireless Communication: Enhancing Data Rates with Ultra-Wideband Technology
This paper is aimed at examining how ultra-wideband (UWB) technology can improve optical wireless communication (OWC) as regards the data rate, the latency, and overall system efficiency. A secondary research form was adapted where the sources included peer-reviewed journals, technical reports and industry studies to gather evidence on UWB-OWC integration. The results demonstrate that UWB-based OWC systems offer data rates of 160 Gbps, latency less than 1 ms and spectral efficiencies greater than 20 bits/s/Hz, compared to conventional RF systems with a maximum of 10-20 Gbps. Areas of application include IoT, UAV, vehicular and 6G backhaul networks, also with high resistance to interference. The work summarises that UWB-OWC is a scalable, energy-efficient, and future-proof technology to provide terabit wireless communication.
The Role of Blockchain in FMCG Marketing for Strengthening Transparency and Ethical Practices
The FMCG sector is undergoing a transformative shift as blockchain technology emerges as a tool to enhance transparency and ethical practices. This study explores the integration of blockchain in FMCG marketing, focusing on its impact on consumer trust, transparency, and ethical sourcing. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from 100 respondents using a structured questionnaire, and statistical tests such as chi-square and regression were conducted to validate the study’s objectives. The findings reveal that while consumer awareness of blockchain is moderate, trust and understanding vary across income groups. The statistical analysis highlights that transparency and ethical practices enabled by blockchain can potentially improve digital marketing effectiveness, but these factors are yet to achieve significant consumer recognition. Open-ended responses further indicate consumer demand for secure, transparent, and ethically sourced products. This study underscores the importance of educating consumers about blockchain’s practical applications, particularly in verifying product authenticity, ensuring data privacy, and fostering trust in marketing practices. It also identifies barriers to blockchain adoption, such as limited awareness and skepticism, and suggests targeted communication strategies to address these challenges. The study concludes that blockchain has significant potential to redefine transparency and ethics in FMCG marketing, paving the way for stronger consumer loyalty and sustainable business practices.
Buckling Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates with Delamination Using an Enhanced Hexahedral Solid-Shell Finite Element
This study aims to assess the buckling behaviour of laminated composite plates, both with and without delamination, with an enhanced hexahedral solid-shell finite element framework grounded in the advanced Hexahedral Solid-Shell Finite Element method. This technology addresses significant numerical issues, including volumetric locking and transverse shear, hence ensuring high accuracy in forecasts throughout the process. The critical buckling loads of virgin plates with symmetric and quasi-isotropic layups were examined and contrasted with those of plates exhibiting various delamination sizes and configurations. The data indicate that symmetric layups exhibit greater buckling loads; however, the presence of delamination significantly affects buckling capacity, especially for bigger delamination located near the centre of the structure. These findings illuminate the structural behaviour of delaminated composites under compressive stresses applied within the material's plane.
Examining The Impact of the Neet Exam on Stress, Anxiety & Home Environment
This study looks into the varied impact of NEET exam preparation on the mental well-being and home environment of Class 12 students in the semi-urban areas of Madurai and Sivaganga districts of Tamil Nadu. Based on a sample of 300 students, the study explores five salient independent stressors - "academic load, parental pressure, coaching intensity, peer competition, and social isolation" and their effects on "academic stress, exam anxiety, and emotional exhaustion”. Perception of their "home environment" by students was assessed as the primary outcome variable. NEET examination preparation was found to have strongly negative implications for students' psychological well-being, resulting in higher academic stress, anxiety, and emotional burnout levels. These mental results, in turn, were found to disrupt family relationships, lower emotional warmth within the household, and increase tension at home. Among the stressors, parents’ pressure and peer competition were also proven to be the most emotionally draining, and social isolation was revealed to be a robust predictor of emotional fatigue. Mediation analysis also confirmed that psychological distress is a significant mediator between the quality of the home environment and exam pressure. The study highlights the imperative need for parent education, support systems for emotional well-being, and equitable academic frameworks to safeguard the welfare of students while preparing them for NEET.
Relationship Between Study Habits and Digital Learning Awareness in Enhancing Academic Achievement of Tribal Secondary Students in Thiruvananthapuram
This study examines the impact of study habits and digital learning awareness on the academic performance of tribal secondary students in Thiruvananthapuram. The research aims to identify how effective study strategies and familiarity with digital learning tools contribute to students' performance in a culturally specific context. Using a survey approach, data were collected through surveys from a representative sample of tribal students. Findings indicate that positive study habits and higher levels of digital learning awareness significantly correlate with improved academic outcomes. The results suggest that enhancing educational practices and resources for tribal students can foster better academic performance, ultimately contributing to their educational equity.
A Study on the Social Adjustment of Upper Primary School Students
Teachers play a crucial role in maintaining the mental health of their students. Because proper mental health leads to social adjustment. Teachers can easily identify factors such as parental relationship, community, peer group, scientific advancements, and various cultural and social characteristics that affect adjustment and guide students towards proper social adjustment. School authorities must equip teachers with the essential training in social adjustment skills, so that they can foster excellent social skills in their students to promote effective social adjustment. The primary objective of the study is to examine the social adjustment of upper primary school students. Gender and locality are found to have a significant impact on upper primary school students’ social adjustment. Furthermore, upper primary school children have a moderate level of social adjustment. The study included 300 students from five upper primary schools, 135 of whom are boys and 165 of whom are girls. To collect data, the authors developed a social adjustment scale.
Service Quality, Innovation, and Cost Efficiency as Drivers of Hotel Performance in Tamil Nadu
This study examines how service quality, innovation, and cost efficiency drive hotel performance in Tamil Nadu.We use a cross-sectional design with data from hotels across metro and non-metro locations and across different star levels and ownership types for our analysis.Drivers are measured using clear survey items, and performance is obtained from hotel records and online dashboards, including occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room, profit per available room, and guest ratings.Simple tools were applied, including descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression.Mediation was tested to determine whether customer satisfaction and online reputation passed the effects of the drivers on performance.The results show that service quality has the strongest and most consistent link to performance, innovation adds meaningful gains, and cost efficiency secures profit.Customer satisfaction has a large share of the service quality effect, and online reputation has a large share of the innovation effect.Chain, metro, and higher-star hotels show higher average performance.This study offers a clear action plan for managers. Lift service basics first, add focused digital innovations next, and then lock in gains through energy and process control.
Common Invariant Point Consequences with Jungck Contractive Situations and Cyclic Representations in Complete Spaces
The functional contractions for the cyclic maps may be seen as the functions involving multiple maps or spaces that comply with a contraction-like situation in a cyclic manner. Despite underpinning on a single distance space, a cyclical contraction is a more specialized variant, often employed in the multi-variable invariant point problems like in optimization, differential equations, or control theory. Invigorated with the work, Kirk, [12] and of other synchronous researchers/authors, we wish to propose some cyclic representations (functions), in such versions, that are other than previously proposed. These mappings may be called co-cyclic or sometimes sub-cyclic. Furthermore, introducing the notion of equivalent sequences along with some supportive as well as suitable illustrations, we state and then prove the associated common invariant point propositions, which exist uniquely, in the complete distance spaces.
Green HRM in the Era of AI: A Study on Implementation Challenges in the Hospital Sector
Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) has become a strategic contributor towards organizational sustainability whereas Artificial Intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping practices in HR by means of automation, evidence-based decision-making and innovative resources. Although there is increasing body of research on Green HRM and AI, little has been done to understand difference in the perception of employees of the two practices in combination. This study examines the variations in perceptions of Green HRM in the era of AI across different age groups, focusing on five key dimensions: process and tools, people and culture, policy and strategy, ethics and compliance, and performance management. Using ANOVA analysis on responses from 200 employees representing three age categories. The study found no statistically significant differences across groups, though some variations in mean scores were observed. Younger employees rated people and culture higher, older employees’ valued policy and strategy, while both younger and older groups emphasized ethics and compliance more than the middle-aged group. These findings suggest that while age does not strongly differentiate perceptions, subtle generational preferences exist. The study contributes to sustainable HR literature by highlighting the need for inclusive AI-enabled Green HRM strategies that address diverse workforce expectations.
A Study on Impact of Microfinance on the MSMES
Access to finance remains a significant challenge for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), affecting entrepreneurs, financial institutions, and government bodies. This study aims to explore the key obstacles MSMEs face in obtaining financial support. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer a variety of financial and non-financial services to assist MSME entrepreneurs, such as credit, savings, leasing, insurance, and training. The research was carried out in Madurai, covering various business sectors including jewellery, retail, metal works, textiles, bookstores, tailoring, and small-scale manufacturing. It involved both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data were gathered through a questionnaire, with responses from 25 participants. Despite the crucial role of financial institutions, banks, and MFIs in the growth of MSMEs in Madurai district, there is limited research in this area. The findings indicate that the main issues hindering financial utilization by MSMEs are low levels of financial literacy and a lack of tools to properly assess and implement business projects.
Diaspora and Homeland: Reimagining Cultural Identity through Vikram Seth’s Narrative Praxis
Vikram Seth’s narrative techniques in The Golden Gate (1986) and A Suitable Boy (1993) are compared in order to investigate how various literary genres express cultural identity in diasporic and homeland settings. The verse novel and realist epic, two of Seth’s formal innovations, are shown to be places of cultural negotiation rather than merely stylistic choices through thorough textual study guided by postcolonial theory. A Suitable Boy makes use of vast realist techniques to depict the diverse cultural landscape of post-independence India, whereas The Golden Gate uses the hybrid Onegin stanza form to reflect the splintered experience of the Indian diaspora in Silicon Valley.Based on Benedict Anderson’s ‘imagined communities,’ HomiBhabha’s notion of hybridity, and Stuart Hall’s conceptions of cultural identification as ‘becoming’ this analysis shows how both novels reinterpret cultural membership as a changeable process of negotiation rather than a fixed essence. The research paper demonstrates how Seth’s divergent storytelling styles—encyclopedic realism and compressed verse—allow for different but complimentary expressions of identity development. Seth’s novels illustrate how diaspora and homeland are mutually constitutive through memory, displacement, and cultural practice, rather than framing them as binary opposites. This article advances diaspora studies by demonstrating how literary technique and cultural identity creation in postcolonial literature can be revealed through comparative formal analysis.
The Voice of Subjected Women: Patriarchal and Gender biased in Buchi Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen
This study looks at Francis as a father figure in Second Class Citizen by Buchi Emecheta and how his acts affect the main character, Adah. By looking at Francis's actions and thoughts, the study hopes to learn more about gender inequality and how hard patriarchal systems can be. It turns out that Francis is a representation of male power because he limits Adah's freedom and supports gender stereotypes by being mean to both men and women and treating them differently. This research shows how Francis's authority affected Adah's goals, self-perception, emotional health, and options. This shows how far-reaching Francis's effect was. This article’s goal is to look at the people in Second-Class Citizen by Buchi Emecheta. Further it deals with about, gender identity, and other problems that people face every day. Women are free and equal to men when they are born, but society has too many rules that make them feel like "the other" and less important than men.
Challenges and Ways of Developing a Positive Attitude toward the Study of English in Engineering Education
The abilities in English have become indispensable in the other atmosphere of engineering education, both in the global academic system and profession. In spite of its vitality, however, adverse attitudes toward English study are widespread among Engineering students, who commonly regard English as irrelevant to their technical disciplines. In this article, the challenges to realize a positive and motivated perception of English learning in engineering education are discussed alongside suggestions for increasing willingness and motivation to learn English. This study is guided by two research questions: What are the major challenges preventing engineering students from developing a positive attitude towards learning English? What practices might lead to form positive learning attitudes in this type of learning context? This study used a mixed-methods approach combining surveys and interviews with engineering faculty and students. It has been discovered that perceptions of irrelevance, fear of failure and inadequate cultural ties with English language constitute major challenges. Among their suggestions were integrating English into technical coursework, using digital platforms such as TikTok, and fostering collaborative, supportive learning environments. The insights develop understanding of how to align English language education with the needs of engineering students, creating language proficiency and professional preparedness.
The Mind’s Labyrinth: Psychoanalytical Detection and Deductive Reasoning in Agatha Christie’s Select Novels
This research article examines how Agatha Christie creatively combined psychoanalytical detection with conventional logical reasoning in Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and The ABC Murders (1936). Christie foreshadows contemporary psychological profiling by emphasizing on unconscious motive, suppression, victim vulnerability, and communal trauma, going beyond the Golden Age tradition of puzzle-based mysteries. The article makes the case that Christie turns detective fiction into a psychological probe where detection relies on examining hidden motives rather than tangible clues, drawing on Freudian and Jungian psychoanalytical frameworks.Three significant advances are highlighted in the analysis: Hercule Poirot’s transformation from logical detective to psychological analyst, Christie’s foresight in knowing criminal psychology, and her use of reader psychology to replicate the unconscious prejudices in her stories. The article delineates Christie’s significance as a psychological pioneer whose writings foreshadow modern perspectives on crime, justice, and human behaviour by placing these novels against past critique that focused on plot mechanics.
Empowering Rural Tribal Women: The Role of Vocational Training and SHG In Enhancing Employment Opportunities Under the TADHCO Scheme in Dharampuri District
The empowerment of rural tribal women is central to inclusive development, particularly in regions where socio-economic marginalization persists. In Tamil Nadu, the Tribal Development Cooperative Corporation (TADHCO) scheme has emerged as a key initiative to promote livelihood security and skill enhancement for tribal communities. The study focuses on the impact of vocational training and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) under the TADHCO scheme in Dharmapuri district, an area with a high tribal population facing issues of poverty, unemployment, and social exclusion. Vocational training gives women practical knowledge in the field of tailoring, handicraft, food processing, and other livelihood-generating activities, and SHGs give access to financial inclusion, credit, and collective bargaining power. Collectively, they open doors for the tribal women to become self-reliant earn more in their families and take part in the development of the local economy. The article critically reviews on the usefulness of these initiatives and points out the issues that may hinder the progresses such as lack of market access and infrastructural deficiency as well as good experiences or best practices on how empowerment may be done sustainably. The results emphasize the need to consider the adoption of both skills and entrepreneurship support to create long-term socio-economic change. In summary, while the scheme benefits women across different age groups, age does not play a decisive role in determining the level of impact of the TADHCO scheme. Other factors such as education, SHG participation, or type of vocational training may be more influential in shaping outcomes.
Work Life Balance and Its Effect on Job Satisfaction among Women Employees: A Study of IT Firms in Chennai
Work-life balance (WLB) has become a highly critical determinant in employee satisfaction, productivity, and well-being, particularly in women with high work demands in the Information Technology (IT) sector where work-related responsibilities are expected to be performed not only at work, but also elsewhere. The study examines the relationship between socio-economic profiles—specifically age, educational qualification, and designation—and the level of work-life balance among 200 employees in selected IT firms in Chennai. Using cross-tabulation and Chi-square tests, the findings revealed that although descriptive variations exist across age groups, education levels, and designations, none of these factors demonstrated a statistically significant relationship with work-life balance. Younger employees stated that relatively higher levels of balance, while mid-career employees tended toward moderate balance due to professional and personal responsibilities. Similarly, male employees reported slightly higher levels of balance compared to females, though not at a significant level. Educational qualifications and job designations showed variations but did not significantly influence WLB. The article concludes that organizational culture, workload and policies, instead of socio-economic factors, might influence the work-life balance issues in IT companies. The findings underscore the need of IT organizations to embrace employee-centric policies and practices that are flexible so as to promote the work-life balance among various employees.
Environment Centric Sustainable Management Framework Integrating Lifecycle Analysis and Material Flow for Industrial Applications
Environmental sustainability management has grown in significance as resource depletion climate change and ecological degradation worsen. Rapidly expanding industries and shifting consumption patterns have made data-driven policy frameworks and strategic environmental governance more crucial than ever. Due to fragmented stakeholder coordination lax enforcement of regulations and poor data utilization many organizations struggle to implement sustainable practices despite international initiatives. This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework for managing environmental sustainability that enhances decision-making optimizes resource utilization and reduces environmental impact through empirical analysis and workable solutions. The study employs a mixed-methods approach to collect primary and secondary data from industrial sectors and environmental monitoring organizations in different regions as well as sustainability reports. Stakeholder interviews and reviews of policy documents yield qualitative information while carbon footprint energy efficiency ratios water consumption measurements and waste generation indicators are examples of quantitative data. As part of data measurement standardized environmental performance indicators (EPIs) are applied in compliance with ISO 14001 guidelines and Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The proposed model combines lifecycle assessment (LCA) material flow analysis (MFA) and sustainability balanced scorecard (SBSC) techniques to evaluate performance in-depth. Predictive modeling for environmental risk assessment using AI and machine learning as well as the development of an industry-specific Sustainability Integration Index (SII) of best practices for sustainable operations are some of the primary results. A robust adaptable and flexible environmental sustainability management system that can manage complex ecological problems in a variety of industrial contexts is made possible by this study.
Marginalization of Tribes in Indian Theatre
For years, India has been controlled by a mainly mainstream way of life by ignoring everything that is different in society. As a result, tribal communities have been marginalized because their unique art has been historically disregarded. Due to the many different languages and performance styles in the region, the term Indian theatre isn't applicable to many nations, especially countries where the official language is not Hindi. The diversity of theater has contributed to some groups being at the bottom of the stages of theater, having little to no visibility. The dominance of stories from upper class, city people on stage is making the lives of the people that live in tribes worse and pushes them to the side. The absence of tribal theatre from academic and critical discussions only worsens the already existing problem of marginalization. It's challenging to fully understand the various performance traditions in India because of its widespread linguistic and cultural diversity, leading to the neglect of tribal theatre. India's theatrical heritage is impoverished because of the misrepresentation of marginalised groups in theatre. This is unfair to lower classes and others marginalised in India.
Inheritance vs Emotion: Why Hindu Daughters Often Forgo Their Property Rights for Family Harmony
This study examines the complex interplay between legal rights and socio-cultural factors that influence Hindu daughters' decisions regarding inheritance claims in contemporary India. Despite legal reforms including the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 2005, which granted equal inheritance rights to daughters, empirical evidence suggests that many women voluntarily relinquish their property claims to maintain family harmony. Through a mixed-methods approach involving 847 respondents across urban and rural settings, this research identifies key factors influencing daughters' inheritance decisions, including family pressure, cultural conditioning, economic independence, and marital status. The findings reveal that 67.8% of Hindu daughters choose to forgo their inheritance rights, with emotional factors and family relationships being primary determinants. This study contributes to understanding the gap between legal provisions and actual practice in inheritance matters, providing insights for policymakers and social researchers.
Rural Spaces in Ruskin Bond Novels: An Ecocritical and Character‐Centric Exploration
This paper investigates the presentation of rural spaces in the novels of Ruskin Bond, and it uses the ecocritical framework and a close reading of the text that examines how Bond's vivid portrayal of the Lower Himalayan countryside not only serves as a picturesque backdrop, but it plays as a vital, essential element shaping character's identity. It also brings in cultural values and ecological consciousness. This analysis focused on the integration of natural landscape with human relationships, the interplay between tradition and modernity, and the ethical implications regarding environmental stewardship. By drawing on both the primary text and contemporary critical perspectives, this paper argues that Bond's rural settings are a mosaic of memory where nature and humanity coexist in a fragile balance as well.
Desire and Forbidden Love in A Sin of Colour by Sunetra Gupta
This paper examines Sunetra Gupta’s novel A Sin of Colour as a meditation on feminine desire, social repression, and forbidden love in a postcolonial Bengali context. By close-reading Gupta’s narrative alongside feminist and postcolonial theory, the paper shows how the novel traces two intertwined love stories Debendranath’s illicit passion for his brother’s wife Reba, and his niece Niharika’s affair with the married Englishman Daniel – each confined by strict social codes. Key texts include Gupta’s novel itself, Rabindranath Tagore’s Chokher Bali, and feminist theory by Judith Butler, Luce Irigaray, Gayatri Spivak, and others. The analysis finds that the novel uses Gothic and symbolic motifs (the dilapidated house Mandalay, the river punt, the story of a freed pygmy) to illustrate how class, caste, and patriarchal norms constrict personal desire. Educated and modern as its heroine may be, Niharika remains bound by traditional expectations, resulting in psychological exile and tragedy. The study argues that Gupta’s narrative highlights the emotional cost of silencing women’s passions and invites readers to reconsider rigid gender norms.
The Hardships Encountered by the Sea-Faring Families of the Coastal Belt of South India from a Geo-Humanities Perspective; with Special Reference to Kurumpanai C.Berlin’s Short Story Collections, “Kadallukulle,Kadallukulle” and “Kadalin Karuvarayil”
Every terrain has its own history and a unique culture of its own. In Nature’s creation, we see mountains, rivers, deserts, marshy land and oceans. People live at the foot of the hills, they stay along the river banks, they traverse across the deserts and also indulge in farming and agriculture in cultivable lands. The coastal people are no exception; the population along the coast, spend their time at the sea and by the coast, for, their survival totally lies only there and nowhere else. Let us dive and delve into the struggles the sea-farers undergo, deep sea; the storms they face, mid-sea; and the mishaps they meet with, across the sea, while still sailing towards the horizon that lies farther away… all through pensive of their family members.
An Explore Effect of Instructional Programme on Reading Comprehension in English Subject at Selected Primary Schools in Gujarat
This study on the design and effectiveness of a strategic instructional program, focusing on English comprehension among eight standard students in Kadi, Gujarat. Drawing from Gene and Bridg’s theory, the research examines whether strategic instructional program designed with or without Gene and Bridg’s theory influence English comprehension differently. A sample of students participated in a quasi-experimental study, with one group exposed to instructional programme with Gene and Bridg’s theory and the other without. Using instructional programme was developed and validated against instructional design standards. post experimentation involved administering an English comprehension Test. Results indicate significant difference in English comprehension between the two groups, suggesting that designing instructional programme based on Gene and Bridg’s Theory does enhance students’ English comprehension. This outcome underscores the compare with other research into alternative learning outcomes in English education.
An Analysis of Health Consciousness and Cultural Values as Predictors of Organic Buying Behavior of Gen Z Women in Coimbatore City
The organic food sector is expanding rapidly across the globe, with Generation Z emerging as a key consumer group due to their health awareness and cultural adaptability. In India, and particularly in Coimbatore City, Gen Z women are increasingly adopting sustainable and health-driven consumption practices. Despite this growing awareness, gaps remain between intention and actual purchase, often influenced by affordability, authenticity, and lifestyle habits. This study examines the influence of health consciousness and cultural values on the organic buying behavior of Gen Z women in Coimbatore. A descriptive research design was employed, using a convenience sampling method to survey 117 women aged 18–29 years. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale and analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. Model fitness was validated through ANOVA, R Square, and residual analysis. The results show that health consciousness significantly impacts organic buying, particularly through practices such as checking nutritional labels and maintaining healthy routines. However, cultural values demonstrated stronger influence, with traditional remedies and cultural pride identified as major motivators. Correlation analysis confirmed significant associations among the variables, and regression results revealed that cultural values contributed more strongly to organic buying behavior than health consciousness, together explaining a notable portion of the variance. The study suggests enhancing affordability, strengthening certification transparency, and aligning marketing with cultural narratives. It concludes that cultural values, more than health factors, are the dominant predictor of organic buying among Gen Z women in Coimbatore, reflecting the blend of modern health priorities and traditional values.
Demonetization and Its Effects on Consumer Investment Behavior in Postal Saving Schemes: Evidence from Agra Region
This study examines how the effect of demonetization has influenced consumer behavior of the Indian Postal Saving Schemes in Agra especially on financial inclusion and the use of digitals. The analysis ads to the utilization of primary and secondary data to conclude that the introduction of demonetization triggered a visible change in informal to formal methods of savings, with the postal schemes becoming safer and available to use. Moreover, movement to digital platforms improved the elements of trust, user-friendliness and efficiency, which kept consumers involved in postal financial services. These findings are supported by secondary evidence according to which the country is shifting to formal savings as a result of demonetization. These findings highlight the twofold nature of demonetization and digitalization in the establishment of the localized patterns relating to consumer savings.
Narrating the Anthropocene: Language, Aesthetics, and the Ethics of Storytelling in a Human-Altered World
According to the definition by Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer, Anthropocene is the epoch, where human influence became a geological force restructuring ecosystems, climate, and future. However, in addition to using the language of science, the Anthropocene requires new language, aesthetics, and narratives to describe ecological precarity and non-human agency. The paper discusses the way in which the literature and storytelling negotiate the three overlapping issues: the representation of the non-human, aesthetics of the Anthropocene in literature and poetry, and the ethics of displacement and environmental witness. Citing eco-critical and posthumanist theories and recent work on narratives of the posthuman and multispecies, it posits literary forms as both testament and speculative coping mechanism to environmental crisis. Finally, the article suggests that Anthropocene poetics perform an ethical disposition to interdependence, which provides narrative by which to conjure survival, belonging, and justice within a world fundamentally shaped by humanity.
Educational Aspirations of Undergraduate students of Dhemaji District, Assam
The present study investigates the level of educational aspirations among undergraduate students in Dhemaji district, Assam, with a focus on gender-based differences. Using a descriptive survey method and a sample of 100 students (50 male and 50 female), data were collected through the Educational Aspiration Scale developed by Dr. V.P. Sharma and Anuradha Gupta. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and z-scores were used for analysis. The findings reveal that the majority of students possess moderate educational aspirations, with notable variations indicating diverse goal-setting tendencies. No significant difference was found in educational aspirations between male and female students. The study recommends targeted guidance and counseling programs to support students, especially those with lower aspirations, while promoting equal opportunities for both genders.
Memory, Massacre, and Moral Collapse: Partition Narratives in Train to Pakistan
Train to Pakistan by Khushwant Singh is one of the strongest fictions of 1947 Partition of India, which showed the great human loss of the Partition due to communal violence, displacement, and the loss of moral ethos. Located in the village that appears as quiet till the end of the world, Mano Majra, where living Sikhs and Muslims have been coexisting long enough, the novel describes the evolution of the community into a territory of fear, betrayal, and blood. The paper addresses three interconnected patterns, namely, memory, massacre, and moral collapse, as the core of the paper on the topic of how Train to Pakistan represents the trauma of Partition. The novel opens with nostalgia and sense of coexistence of communities that were together in sharing culture and not in independence, it is a sentiment based on collective memory on shared ways of living and living together with each other. This memory of unity however becomes controversial and painful as outside forces of politics start to enter the village and as refugees report violence. Singh opposes the remembered harmony to the current situation of hostility, providing an example of how the history can be redefined by the survival instinct and fear. The appearance of the "ghost train" with the shot Muslims aboard can be regarded as such a pivot, a falling into a massacre and disintegration of morality. Singh does not use a sensational approach of describing violence but, instead, heightens the horror of violence with his low-key narrative style. The casualness with which the ideas of the killings of the Muslims in the village in another train bond all the people into the sense of collective violence reveals the relative and casual rose of the ordinary persons into communal violence. The paper also explores moral breakdown of people and institutions. Other intellectuals such as Iqbal find themselves in a state of incapacitation and administrative figures such as Hukum Chand demonstrate personal security instead of justice. Against this backdrop, Juggas sacrifice is a short yet complete redemption factor. By using these themes, Singh develops an even more convincing denunciation of Partition as not simply a political catastrophe but also the most human tragedy, in which memory turns into trauma, violence is naturalized, and morality is the first victim.
Exploring Cultural Influences on Business Writing in the United Kingdom and the United States
Background: Business communication will be good business in this globalized world. Although English is used as the language of business all over the world, UK and American business writingstyle varies since there are cultural values along with communication norms. Appreciating these differences enhances cooperation and decreases miscommunication and improves professional performance. Objectives: This paper examines some of the critical distinctions between British and American business writing styles, their cultural origins, their impact on professional relations, and some tips on the behavior of business practitioners working across the cultures. Methods: Qualitative comparative analysis of real business texts of the UK and the US, along with recent academic texts were employed. In order to evaluate tone, formality, directness, hedging, modality and rhetorical structure, discourse analysis, stylistic-rhetorical analysis, and the Hofstede cultural aspects model were used. Results: British business writing touches on understatement, consensus, and bridging and it is polite, subtle, and formal. Nevertheless, American business writing is to the point and lays emphasis on clarity, efficiency, and individual contribution and is direct, aggressive and result-oriented. These stylistic variations are defined by cultural values, such as, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and others. There are also misinterpretations in cross-cultural cooperation, delays in making decisions and team problems. Conclusion: Business writing should be culturally sensitive in the event of international communication. The results indicate cultural flexibility, specific training, and the flexible organisational approaches to enhance communication. In further studies, researchers ought to look into the field of how oral communication determines business, the development of new markets, and how digital transformation influences cross-country business writing.
The Mātṛkā Nyāsa Ritual as Somatic Cartography: A Phenomenological Study of Its Effect on Interoceptive Awareness and Body Schema
This study reconceptualizes the old Tantric ritual of Mātṛkā Nyāsa—the tactual and phonemic implantation of Sanskrit phonemes (mātṛkās) onto specific body loci—as a form of "somatic cartography," a consecrated represent of knowingness onto the corporal form. An interchangeable 8-week communications protocol was administered to 42 experienced practitioners. Mixed-methods analysis revealed enhanced somatic granularity, permeable ness of consistence boundaries, stimulated catharsis, and a shift from visual to felt body image. Quantitatively, significant improvements were observed in interoceptive exactness (Heartbeat counting Task) and over all subscales of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), especially Noticing and body hearing. Proprioceptive drift measures indicated a stabilised body scheme. Results place Mātṛkā Nyāsa as a active neuro-phenomenological tool that validates traditional claims of embodied transformation through a original synthesis of ritualized somatic mapping and contemporary cognitive skill.
The Teachings of the Bhagavad Gita as a Roadmap for Mind Management and the Promotion of Values and Ethics among Secondary School Students
Education must foster growth on all levels intellectual, emotional, ethical, and spiritual. NEP 2020's holistic vision is in line with the timeless wisdom of the Bhagavad Gita, a highly regarded Indian philosophical text that promotes ethical behaviour, mindfulness, and character development. The study aimed To assess how well a mindfulness-based program inspired by the Bhagavad Gita can help secondary school pupils develop their ethical principles and mindfulness. The methodology employed was one government school in New Delhi participated in a true experimental design that included a pre-test and a post-test. 60 pupils were split into experimental and control groups at random. Themes for the 6-week structured intervention progressed from practicing basic mindfulness to applying karma and dharma. The Child Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure (Greco & Bear, 2011), the Personal Values Questionnaire (Sherry & Verma, 1998), and the Ethical Behaviour Tool (Bulach, 1999) were among the standardised instruments that were employed. ANCOVA and t-tests were used to analyse the data. The findings are the control group's mindfulness scores stayed largely unchanged, but the experimental group's increased significantly (Pre M = 27.31, Post M = 30.66, p =.001). According to ANCOVA, post-test mindfulness was significantly moderated by ethical values (p <.01). Even students with low ethical values improved (Δ = 0.81), but those with high ethical values showed the biggest gains (Δ = 5.87). The study's findings support the value of ancient spiritual writings like the Bhagavad Gita in education. Its teachings, when implemented through structured pedagogy, cultivate balanced, socially conscious people by enhancing mindfulness and ethical awareness. For the holistic development of students, these results lend credence to the inclusion of value-based spiritual education in regular curricula.
Hybridized Wavelet-Transformer-Assisted Shearlet-Ripplet (WT-SR) Framework for Medical Image Compression
Medical image analysis requires a balance between efficient compression and accurate classification to ensure clinical applicability in storage- and bandwidth-limited environments. In this study, we propose a novel Wavelet–Shearlet–Ripplet (WT-SR) framework that integrates multiresolution decomposition, cross-domain attention-based feature embedding, and CNN–BiLSTM classification with joint compression optimization. The framework performs patch-wise feature extraction, applies modality-aware attention to capture discriminative patterns, and leverages entropy-constrained quantization for high-fidelity compression. To validate its robustness, experiments were conducted on three benchmark brain tumor MRI datasets: Figshare, SARTAJ, and Br35H. Comparative evaluations against state-of-the-art methods including CNN-based models, hybrid CNN–SVM, ResNet-50, CapsNet fusion, JPEG2000, ROI-JPEG, and hybrid DWT–PCA–Huffman demonstrate that WT-SR achieves superior classification accuracy (96.6% average) while simultaneously attaining higher compression ratio (78.6%) and PSNR (42.3 dB). Importantly, the degradation in classification performance after compression was marginal (<0.5%), confirming clinical reliability. The results establish WT-SR as an effective end-to-end solution for medical image management, integrating diagnostic accuracy with computational efficiency. The framework is suitable for telemedicine, cloud-based medical imaging, and large-scale archival systems where diagnostic integrity and storage optimization are equally critical.
उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के संदर्भ में आशा कार्यकर्ताओं की भूमिका और जिम्मेदारी पर एक अध्ययन
आशा की भूमिका चिंतित नागरिक सामाजिक कार्यकर्ताओं द्वारा गंभीर वकालत के प्रयासों के परिणामस्वरूप विकसित हुई। एक बहु-हितधारक पैनल ने कार्यक्रम की स्थापना की, जिसने आशा को तीन दायित्व सौंपे: स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं का सूत्रधार, सेवा प्रदाता और कार्यकर्ता। अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के संदर्भ में आशा कार्यकर्ताओं की भूमिका और जिम्मेदारी की जांच करना है। अध्ययन के दायरे में लखनऊ के काकोरी और सरोजनी नगर ब्लॉक और कानपुर जिले के शिवराजपुर और चौबेपुर ब्लॉक शामिल थे। प्रत्येक ब्लॉक से साक्षात्कार के लिए 100 आशाएं चुनी गई। अध्ययन में 18 से 45 वर्ष की आयु की आशाओं ने भाग लिया। परिणाम से पता चलता है कि, प्रत्येक आशा को अपने विशिष्ट कौशल को बेहतर बनाने और समुदाय को बेहतर सेवा प्रदान करने में मदद करने के लिए उपयुक्त प्रशिक्षण मिलता है। आशाओं की अपने कार्यों और जिम्मेदारियों की धारणाएँ भौगोलिक क्षेत्रों में एक समान हैं।
Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in India: An Evaluation of Startup TN’s Thozhili Women Bootcamp Survey and Interview-Based Evidence from Tamil Nadu
The rise of women entrepreneurship in India signifies a vital socio-economic shift. StartupTN’sThozhili Women Bootcamp, conducted across five Tamil Nadu locations (July 2024–March 2025), aimed to bridge gender gaps in entrepreneurship. Using surveys and interviews with 300 participants, this study evaluates skill development, support service access, and growth outcomes. Over 70% benefited, though gaps persist in awareness and advanced strategy. Strengthened mentorship, wider outreach, and sustained engagement are proposed to foster women-led entrepreneurial development.
Colonial versus Cultural Construction of Alcohol Consumption in the Tea Garden Society of Assam, India.
Alcohol drinking in the tea gardens of Assam is mainly associated with colonial period and culture of the communities working within it. During the colonial period or the British’s period, there arose a shift from cultural to commercial consumption of alcohol. Although, cultural consumption of it still has its significance surviving through rituals and ceremonies. Cultural consumption of it is associated with drinking within cultural sphere. But, due to economic profit, the Britishers tried to normalize the drinks among the tea garden workers in their work life. Both of the factors have influence on the normalization of alcohol in the tea garden society of Assam. In this regard, cultural construction and colonial construction of alcohol consumption can be seen as two phenomenons related with the normalization of it. Alcohol consumption in Mancotta tea estate or garden is a common thing like the other tea gardens of Assam. So, this tea garden is purposefully selected for the study. To understand the relationship between alcohol and culture, the data related to the use of alcohol in the rituals and ceremonies of the dominant tribal communities such as Oraon, Munda, Santhal and Savar were necessary. Alcohol is socio-cultural as well as work stimulant in this tea garden society. This paper tries to compare mainly the colonial and cultural construction of drinking in the tea gardens of Assam.
Media Framing and Strategic Narratives: A Comparative Study of China’s Trans-Border Road Infrastructure Projects in Nepal Across Local, National, and International Platforms
China's trans-border road infrastructure initiatives in Nepal have become contentious spaces of development, connectivity, and geopolitics and have been receiving diverse interpretations on various media platforms. While Beijing presents such projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as collaborative efforts building regional integration, local and global narratives sharply diverge. This research utilizes a comparative mixed-method design—text-mining based quantitative analysis along with qualitative framing analysis—to analyze how China's road projects in Nepal are framed in English and vernacular Nepali media, Indian media, and international sites from the US, UK, Russia, Japan, and China. Discoveries demonstrate a divided media sphere: local English media often highlight disruption, government shortfalls, and economic hazards; vernacular media target pragmatic news and logistical solutions; Chinese media always promote a cooperative and connectivity-based narrative; whereas Western and Indian media highlight security issues, vulnerability, and disaster disruptions. These differences indicate how media framing is not just influenced by journalistic routines but national priorities and geopolitical inclinations as well. By tracing the contesting discourses that organize public opinion and policy discourse, the study highlights the significance of media narratives in determining the strategic importance of trans-border infrastructure in South Asia.
The Impact of Digitalization on Circular Economy
This study investigates the impact of digitalization on circular economy practices within the fashion and technology sectors, with particular emphasis on addressing the global challenge of low material recycling rates. A quantitative survey was administered to 90 supply chain professionals to evaluate the extent to which process automation, digital data flows, and blockchain-enabled traceability contribute to enhancing material reuse and reducing scrap disposal. Regression analysis was employed to examine supply chain interconnections, revealing that digital traceability provides significant advantages for advancing circularity, while process efficiency and general digitization exhibit comparatively modest effects. Although turnaround times and product return rates differ across industries, the findings indicate that digitalization facilitates the closing of resource loops. To address challenges associated with reverse logistics and to foster sustainable circular economy practices, the study advocates for the broader adoption and integration of digital technologies.
Optimizing Routing Efficiency in MANETs: A Simulation-Based Comparison of AODV and DSR Protocols
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterized by their dynamic topology, decentralized control, and frequent node mobility, making efficient routing a critical challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of two widely used reactive routing protocols in MANETs: Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). Using the NS-2 simulator, we evaluate and compare their performance under varying conditions including node density, mobility speed, and traffic load. The study aims to identify optimal configurations that enhance routing efficiency. Performance metrics such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End Delay, Throughput, and Routing Overhead are considered. The results provide insights into the adaptability and robustness of AODV and DSR, and guide the selection of routing strategies for efficient MANET deployment.
Examining the Trauma of Terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir: A Literary Study of Contemporary Select Indian Authors
This paper explores how terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir has created deep layers of trauma—psychological, social, and cultural—and how these traumatic experiences are represented in contemporary Indian literature. It draws upon theoretical frameworks from trauma studies, particularly the works of Cathy Caruth, Dominick LaCapra, and Kai Erikson, to interpret the complexities of trauma as expressed in narratives. The study closely examines selected writings of Rahul Pandita, Basharat Peer, Arundhati Roy, and Sami Ahmad Khan, who, through memoirs, fiction, and other literary forms, articulate the lived realities of violence and displacement in the region. The paper emphasizes that the trauma of terrorism is not limited to the individual but also extends to communities and even across generations, producing collective wounds and identity crises. These works of literature reveal how memory, exile, and the erosion of communal identity shape personal and communal experiences of survival and resilience. By including fictional, testimonial, and poetic representations, the study shows how literature not only documents and serves as testimony to suffering but also participates in the preservation of shared historical memory. At the same time, it provides readers with a way to engage with, reflect upon, and emotionally process the long history of violence and upheaval in Kashmir. In this way, literature becomes more than an artistic medium—it turns into a vehicle for testimony, remembrance, and healing, capturing the interplay between trauma and identity in a politically volatile landscape.
Ecological Crises in Amitav Ghosh’s Hungry Tide
In recent years, writers have become interested in the interaction between people and the environment, which hasn't gotten much attention in the past. This link helps people learn more about ecology and ecocritical reading. Now, literary writers focus on important environmental issues in their writing to bring attention to ecological problems. The group includes Amitav Ghosh. In his book The Hungry Tide, which takes place in the Sundarbans, which means "Beautiful Forest" and covers more than 10,000 square kilometres, he tells the storey of refugees from the island of Morichjhapi who were forced to take an exam. The main ideas of the book are environmentalism and destabilisation. In this storey, the physical environment is like an active force that brings together plant, animal, and human life. Each has an effect on the others, whether directly or indirectly. In this paper, I will try to look at The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh from an ecological and eco-critical point of view.
वैदिक कालीन संस्कृति एवं समाज: एक परिचय
The Narratives of the Holocaust Victims as portrayed in Anita Diamant’s novel Day after Night
Anita Diamant’s protagonists come from a one line story from where they develop as strong characters. Her novels like The Red Tent, The Boston Girl, Last Days of Dogtown, and Day after Night are revisioned fiction which expose the hidden story of the characters. These revisionist novels approach the original plot from the perspective that day might be night and propose that there may be alternative, unrecorded versions of history that can only be unearthed by the imagination, which has the power to transform female experiences. The protagonists embrace the difficult situations in order to create a new life for themselves. Her characters could have allowed their negative experiences to get them down, but they embrace them and rise up in their lives inspite of them. Most of the Holocaust fiction discusses the pathetic struggles and plight of the survivors. It never shows the recreation of the survivors’ lives after the horrendous acts inflicted upon their clan. Being a Jewish writer, through her novels, Diamant removes all the pain and suffering undergone by her clan for being Jews. Further, as a liberal feminist, she gives the opportunity to holocaust survivors to overcome their pain, agony, and memories of their horrible past, through bonds of female friendship.
Digital Battlegrounds: Cybersecurity, Espionage, and the High-Stakes Rivalry Between the US and China
Over the past decade, cyberspace has become a decisive arena of strategic rivalry, reshaping both the practice and the theory of international relations. What began as episodic intrusions aimed at stealing intellectual property has evolved into a sustained contest over critical infrastructure, technological innovation, and the future of global governance. The United States and China stand at the centre of this transformation. Through a series of high-profile cases—including the Equifax breach (2017), the Microsoft Exchange server compromise (2021), and the exposure of the Volt Typhoon campaign (2023–2024)—cyber operations have steadily escalated in scope and ambition. This study adopts a qualitative approach, combining historical analysis, case study evaluation, and policy review, to examine the trajectory of Sino–U.S. cyber relations from 2017 to 2025. It highlights not only the tactics and strategies employed by both states but also the broader implications of these confrontations for global stability. The analysis suggests that while cyber conflict has deepened bilateral mistrust, it has simultaneously spurred the development of new mechanisms for resilience, the expansion of multilateral attribution practices, and the gradual articulation of emerging norms in cyberspace. The paper concludes that cyber rivalry is no longer a subsidiary aspect of great-power politics but a structuring force of the international order. The manner in which Washington and Beijing navigate this domain will profoundly influence the balance between competition and cooperation in global affairs over the coming decades.
Impact of Financial Literacy, Trust in Financial Institutions, and Technology Adoption on Economic Well-being through Financial Inclusion
This study investigates the impact of financial literacy, trust in financial institutions, and technology adoption on economic well-being, with financial inclusion as a mediating variable. Although there have been national programs in India, there is little empirical evidence on how these individual-level factors lead to economic opportunity. Structured questionnaire based data were obtained from 100 respondents in the Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu and processed through Structural equation modeling (SEM). The measurement model had adequate reliability and validity, and the structural model fitted well (CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.005, SRMR = 0.067). Results reveal that financial literacy (β = 0.321), trust (β = 0.366), and technology adoption (β = 0.655) have a significant positive prediction toward the financial inclusion. Additionally, the economic well-being is much improved where there is high level of financial inclusion (β = 0.546). Importantly, the mediation analysis provides support that financial inclusion is a complete mediator in the relationship between these three antecedent variables and economic well-being. These findings underscore that technology adoption is the strongest driver of inclusion. The study concludes that policies aimed at improving economic resilience must integrate digital infrastructure development with financial education and trust-building initiatives to foster effective financial inclusion.
A Study on Futuristic trends on Cultivation and Marketing Practices of Coconut Growers in Erode District
Value added products from Agriculture have been playing a predominant role in the economic development of India as well as futuristic trend of economic viability of farmers and prefererable choice of buying product by the consumers. In this dimension, coconut cultivation is premier horticulture crops which will be treated as export as well as subsistence of small growers in India. Especially, Southern part of India has occupied predominantly from the Horticulture. Despite of, flexible in nature of cultivation and secure of income from coconut cultivation while compared with other vegetables, a larger number of issues faced by the farmers recently. Western part of Tamilnadu zone is one of the fertile lands and received both South west monsoon and North East monsoon for ample of resources and channel for more peculiarities on logistics for sale of coconut which is carried out cultivation and procured from the Coconut Growers. At the same time, the Growers will become a part of trading activities in order to equip their sale for earning profit .This paper has highlight the issues from observation and empirical in nature with find solution for value added products of coconut in futuristic trends.
From Gora to Ghare-Baire: A Journey through Tagore’s Social and Political Thought
Rabindranath Tagore’s novels Gora (1909) and Ghare-Baire (1916) represent two critical phases in his engagement with India’s socio-political transformation under colonial rule. Gora interrogates the intersections of caste, religion, and nationalism, gradually transitioning toward a vision of universal humanism. Ghare-Baire, written during the Swadeshi Movement, dramatizes the ethical and emotional conflicts of nationalism through a triangular tension among moderation, extremism, and personal loyalty. These two works together reveal Tagore’s evolving social and political thought: his suspicion of dogma, his critique of exclusionary and violent nationalism, and his commitment to pluralism and human unity. This article traces the intellectual journey from Gora to Ghare-Baire, situating them within the larger historical, cultural, and philosophical framework of Tagore’s time, while underscoring their continued relevance in contemporary debates on identity, politics, and humanism.
John Locke: A Critical Analysis of the Nature of Language and Its Evolution
The Nature of Language of John Locke’s (1632-1704) is the masterpiece to steer human knowledge. Locke worked in every branch of philosophy and elucidate the importance attached to it. Locke’s philosophy of mind is often regarded as the origin of modern conceptions of personal identity and the psychology of the self. John Locke advocated that any knowledge of the world could only be gained by experience and reflection on experience. John Locke is remembered as the pioneer of Enlightenment in England and France. Locke has also contributed to the branch of epistemology and empiricism.
An Investigation into the Perceptions of School Teachers on the Importance of Neurocognitive Skills in the Development of Multilingual Learners
Neurocognitive skills, including memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed, play a crucial role in language acquisition and academic success. Despite the growing body of research emphasizing these skills, there is limited understanding of how teachers perceive and integrate them into Multilingual Learners instruction. This study investigates school teachers' perceptions of the importance of neurocognitive skills in the development of English Language Learners (Multilingual Learners). A descriptive method with a normative survey technique was adopted, involving 40 prospective teachers from both rural and urban areas in the Salem district, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a two-part survey: background information and the "Neurocognitive Awareness Survey for Teachers" (NAST). The NAST consisted of 30 Likert-scale items, validated by experts in neurocognitive education. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16.0.
Exposition of Medical Greed in the select work of Robin Cook
Robin Cook, widely regarded as the "Father of the Medical Thriller," transformed popular fiction by combining medical knowledge with suspenseful plots. Cook, a physician, uses his professional knowledge to uncover the interconnections between medical ethics, technology advancement, and corporate avarice. His groundbreaking work Coma (1977) created the medical thriller as a unique literary subgenre, dramatizing topics like organ harvesting and institutional corruption. Subsequent studies, most notably Vital Signs, broaden this critique to include reproductive technology, healthcare economics, malpractice, and medical commercialization. Cook's realistic images of in vitro fertilization and infertility treatments underscore the emotional, financial, and ethical difficulties suffered by individuals, while also exposing profit-driven conspiracies inside worldwide medical industries. His stories, which combine reality and fiction, entertain while also educating the public about the risks of unregulated medical commercialization. This research paper titled “Exposition of Medical Greed in the select work of Robin Cook,” contends that Cook’s fiction serves as both a social commentary and a cautionary tale, underlining how commercial pressures and legal frameworks influence modern medicine. Finally, Cook’s reputation is defined by his ability to combine medical realism with thriller clichés, emphasizing ethical concerns while enthralling a global audience.
Memory and Hypnagogia: A Study on Paul Auster’s Baumgartner
This article investigates memory and hypnagogia in Paul Auster’s novella Baumgartner, analyzing how the main protagonist’s memories are filtered through the lens of hypnagogia states- the brief interval between wakefulness and sleep. Employing Memory theory and Psychoanalytic insights into subconscious states, the paper examines how Auster’s portrayal of Baumgartner’s experiences emphasizes memory as fluid, fragmented, and deeply influenced by the subconscious. Baumgartner’s hypnagogic episodes reveal buried memories, illustrating Auster’s perspective on altered consciousness as a potent gateway to understanding self and trauma. This study illuminates Auster’s portrayal of memory as multi-dimensional and proposes that hypnagogia deepens our grasp of memory as multi-dimensional and that hypnagogia deepens our grasp of memory’s impact on identity.
Shadows of the Dream: Sam Shepard’s True West and the American Self
Sam Shepard’s True West interrogates the instability of American identity by exposing the shadows beneath the nation’s celebrated dream. The play disrupts traditional binaries of good and evil, civilization and savagery, art and commerce, exposing that these forces coexist within a single cultural self. The play resists a simplistic division between the responsible Austin and the reckless Lee, instead fusing their qualities to suggest that both characters embody the contradictory impulses of a single identity. The play highlights the commodification of imagination in late 20th century culture. Hollywood emerges as a symbolic landscape where stories lose authenticity and become marketable package deals, reflecting Shepard’s scepticism about American society that reduces ideals to consumer products. Shepard exposes the Dream as both promise and illusion. The play stands as a cultural analysis of America itself. The study explores Shepard’s True West as an examination of the distortions of the American Dream while also suggesting the possibility of renewal through self-awareness. The play reveals that recognizing the conflict between moral integrity and corruption can open a path towards a more authentic American Dream.
Advancing Financial Inclusion for Women in India’s Unorganized Sector: A Quantitative Assessment of Barriers and Enablers
Purpose: This study examines the factors influencing financial inclusion among women employed in India's unorganized sector, with a specific focus on the Tamil Nadu region. Despite advancements through national initiatives such as PMJDY and UPI, significant gender disparities persist, particularly affecting women in informal occupations. The study assesses both socio-economic and digital enablers to provide a nuanced understanding of inclusion outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 250 women engaged in informal employment across five districts in Tamil Nadu. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic, financial, and digital usage data. Guided by the Financial Literacy Framework and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study tested six hypotheses using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression techniques. Findings: The results indicate that women exhibit moderate levels of financial inclusion, with notable disparities in credit, insurance, and digital platform usage. Education, income, and SHG membership emerged as significant predictors of inclusion. Among digital variables, the perceived usefulness of platforms had a stronger effect than digital literacy, underscoring that awareness alone does not ensure adoption without usability and contextual trust. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to Tamil Nadu and focuses on a sample of women aged 18–60. Broader multi-state comparisons and longitudinal designs would enhance future research. The findings emphasize the importance of designing gender-sensitive FinTech solutions and leveraging SHGs for digital literacy interventions. Originality/value: This paper addresses a critical research gap by applying dual theoretical frameworks to quantitatively assess financial inclusion among informal women workers. It contributes evidence for refining national strategies, including the NSFI 2019–2024, and offers actionable insights for policymakers, FinTech developers, and grassroots organizations.
Role of QUAD Group in the Indian Ocean: Strategic Implications and Geopolitical Dynamics
The informal strategic partnership consisting of the United States, India, Japan and Australia, known as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (known as QUAD) has become a force in the Indian Ocean. In view of the Indian Ocean’s importance as a global trade and energy security conduit, the QUAD's focus on maritime security and regional stability is highly relevant in the current geopolitics. In this paper, the role of the QUAD is assessed in relation to its potential to influence the regional balance of power against China’s rising dominance both due to the BRI and military expansion. The key findings enable us to analyse the strategic initiatives of the QUAD which are joint naval exercises, intelligence sharing and humanitarian assistance and together aim at a regulation maritime order. In turn, India’s leadership in the region and the contributions other QUAD partners make to the region reinforce the importance of collaboration to maintain freedom of navigation and economic security. Despite internal problems and external criticism, however, the QUAD is still a key means to dealing with security concerns and building regional partnerships. The paper argues that the QUAD’s activities help stabilize, secure key sea lanes of communications (SLOCs), and balance power dynamics within the Indian Ocean and therefore constitute a crucial element of Indo-Pacific geopolitics.
Awareness and Usage of PSL among Weaker Sections: An Empirical Study
Financial Empowerment is vital for economic growth and social development, especially for the economically and socially disadvantaged communities in India. Priority Sector Lending (PSL) initiatives aim to address the credit needs of Weaker Sections of the society. Aim of the Paper is to assess the level of awareness, usage of PSL and analyse the impact of education qualification on the barriers associated with PSL. Using the Cochran formula of unknown population at 10% margin of error 100 respondents were considered for the study from Bangalore urban and rural district. A well-structured questionnaire was prepared by expert validation. The data was analysed using the Chi Square test, ANOVA and SEM model. The results of the study showed that the weaker section of the society is not aware of the provisions of priority sector lending by the Government of India and also led to various barriers in accessing to such loan. The education qualification of the weaker section plays a significant role in the awareness and perception of barriers of Priority sector lending. The study emphasised on the need to enhance education and awareness on the various PSL offered by the government of India.
The Pandemic and Its Impact on Health and Safety Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms
This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and safety legislation and enforcement mechanisms, focusing on organizational accountability, workplace practices, and regulatory innovations. Using secondary research and analysis of recent literature, the study highlights five major findings. First, organizational liability frameworks were exposed as inadequate, with hospitals and workplaces facing legal scrutiny for compliance failures. Second, telework created widespread ergonomic strain and mental fatigue, significantly increasing burnout risks. Third, effective workplace infection controls were shown to directly reduce community transmission, reinforcing the public health role of occupational safety. Fourth, digital inspections and tele-audits replaced traditional enforcement, enabled by advanced communication technologies, safeguarding inspectors and ensuring compliance. Finally, excessive disinfectant application heightened chemical exposure risks, producing new health concerns despite infection control benefits. Collectively, the study demonstrates how the pandemic accelerated accountability reforms, technology-driven oversight, and integration of occupational safety with broader public health strategies.
Exploring Female Trauma and Black Female Identity in Ntozake Shange Novel “Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo”
Ntozake Shange's novel "Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo" is a powerful exploration of female trauma and Black female identity through the lives of three sisters: Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo. The novel portrays the sisters' struggles with abusive relationships, exploitation, and societal expectations. Sassafrass's tumultuous relationship with Mitch and Cypress's experiences with Idrina showcase the fragility of female relationships in the face of trauma. The novel celebrates the richness of Gullah culture and its significance in shaping the sisters' identities. Indigo's connection to her heritage and her magical world serves as a powerful symbol of Black female identity.The novel highlights the importance of creative expression as a means of empowerment and self-discovery. The sisters' pursuits in writing, dance, and music serve as a testament to the transformative power of art.The bond between the sisters and their mother, Hilda Effania, serves as a source of strength and support. The novel emphasizes the importance of female community and the passing down of cultural traditions and values. Shange's narrative employs a unique blend of poetry, prose, and magical realism, creating a rich and immersive reading experience. The novel's structure, which shifts between the sisters' perspectives, allows for a nuanced exploration of their individual experiences and struggles.The novel sheds light on the complexities of Black female identity, highlighting the intersections of racism, sexism, and classism. Through the sisters' journeys, Shange celebrates the resilience and creativity of Black women, emphasizing the importance of sisterhood, community, and self-expression. Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo is a seminal work in the canon of Black feminist literature, offering a powerful exploration of female trauma, Black female identity, and the transformative power of art. The novel's themes and characters continue to resonate with readers today, making it a timeless classic of American literature
Ecologies of Inequality: Urban Development and Human Fragility in Aravind Adiga’s Last Man in Tower
Urban development in contemporary India is often celebrated as a sign of progress and globalization, yet it produces deep fissures of inequality, displacement, and social fragility. Aravind Adiga’s novel Last Man in Tower (2011) dramatizes these tensions by situating a middle-class housing society at the intersection of neoliberal urban expansion and individual human vulnerability. This article examines the novel through the lens of ecologies of inequality, exploring how material development, class divisions, and fragile human relationships create a contested urban ecology. Drawing on theories from ecocriticism, urban studies, and postcolonial critique, the article argues that Adiga’s text exposes the paradoxes of modernity in Mumbai: economic growth that erodes community, urban space that privileges profit over people, and fragile human lives caught in the machinery of neoliberalism. By analyzing themes of displacement, aging, social ecology, and resistance, the study situates Last Man in Tower as both a local narrative of Mumbai’s redevelopment politics and a global commentary on human precarity under capitalism. The findings highlight Adiga’s critical role in reimagining Indian English fiction as a site of resistance, foregrounding how literature reflects and critiques the ecological dimensions of inequality in the twenty-first century.
India's Urban Education: Concepts, Inequalities, and Emerging Challenges
In India, urban education reflects both opportunities and exclusions. Although expanding cities host some of the country's top schools and colleges, they also reveal significant disparities in access, quality, and outcomes for students. In this paper, we situate urban education within the broader context of urbanisation and socioeconomic stratification. Since the adoption of the Constitution in 1950, urbanisation, state-led educational reforms, and privatisation have shaped the trajectory of urban education in India. The country sought to meet the aspirations of a new republic in the early decades after independence by expanding schooling through municipal institutions. As urban centres grew into hubs of higher education, teacher training, and specialised institutions, they played an important role in producing skilled labour for industry and government. Despite this, the benefits of this expansion were unevenly distributed among different social and economic groups. Urban education began facing structural challenges towards the end of the twentieth century. A sharp contrast existed between elite private schools and public schools, primarily due to overcrowded classrooms, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of qualified teachers. Children from slums, migrant children, and marginalised communities are often excluded from quality schools, which deepens urban inequalities. While privatisation of education expanded access in some ways, it also widened the gap between different classes of students. Over the years, successive governments have introduced various measures to promote urban education, including the Right to Education Act, mid-day meal schemes, urban literacy missions, and, more recently, the National Education Policy 2020. Despite these interventions, ensuring equity and inclusion in urban education remains a challenge. Therefore, studying urban education in post-independent India provides insight into the relationship between education, urban growth, and social justice. This paper aims to understand the state of urban education in post-independent India, drawing on secondary resources.
A Study on the Risk Factors in Adults Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system with an unclear etiology and limited research on its risk factors. This retrospective, descriptive study used purposive sampling to recruit 80 adults (55 women, 25 men), aged 18–70 years, registered with various chapters of the Multiple Sclerosis Society of India (MSSI). The study was conducted to identify the risk factors in MS. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, anthropometric measurements and risk factors for MS. Most participants were between 25 and 45 years of age. The age of onset for men was predominantly 20–30 years (44%), while for women it was distributed between 20–30 years (34%) and 31–40 years (32.7%). Relapsing–remitting MS was the most common type of MS. A majority of participants, males (72%) and females (54.5%) were born in winter (August–January), highlighting birth month as a potential risk factor. Breastfeeding was reported by most males (72%) and females (65.5%), while caesarean births accounted for 52% of males and 54.5% of females. Although few reported recurrent childhood infections, varicella (chickenpox) incidence was high among females (87.2%). Before MS onset, most males (88%) and females (83.6%) did not engage in regular exercise, and stress was identified as a major trigger by 68% of males and 69% of females. Smoking before disease onset was reported by 72% of males. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was common. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between pre-onset body weight (before diagnosis) and BMI as well as current body weight and BMI in both genders. This study highlights multiple modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for MS, including winter birth, stress, low physical activity, smoking, and vitamin D deficiency in Indian MS population. These findings underscore the need for early lifestyle intervention strategies to reduce risk and help in disease management.
Exploring Dissatisfaction and the Quest for Perfection in Girish Karnad’s Hayavadana
This study presents the constant feeling of dissatisfaction and the quest for perfection in humans with the help of Girish Karnad's novel Hayavadana. Humans are not satisfied with what they have been doing to achieve their goals and desires. In other words, humans become the most dissatisfied beings in the world because their desires grow exponentially. As seen by the difficulties faced by the protagonists in this story, this unquenchable desire for more frequently results in a cycle of unmet expectations. Karnad beautifully illustrates how this constant desire may distort identity and create internal conflict, ultimately calling into question the fundamental basis of what it means to be entire. The phrase "I want exactly what I want" corrupted the human mind for a prolonged span of time, which made them forget the gratitude of life. In Hayavadana, Girish Karnad's view of a particular character shares the idea of how humans are filled with discontent with what they have in the present. This paper examines the causes of discontent and the need for perfection and offers strategies for overcoming this feeling.
A Comparative Survey of YOLO Variants in Object Detectors
As a single-stage object detection framework, YOLO (You Only Look Once) has gained prominence for its remarkable balance between speed and accuracy across diverse detection tasks. This research article provides a comprehensive survey of the YOLO family of algorithms, tracing their evolution from the earliest version to the most recent advancements. The review offers an in-depth analysis of the performance and defining characteristics of each iteration, with particular emphasis on YOLO’s applications in real-time detection, especially on embedded systems. Special attention is given to recent developments in model compression and optimization techniques aimed at addressing the challenges posed by the large size of YOLO models, thereby enabling deployment on resource-constrained devices. Practical implementation examples are also discussed to illustrate its applicability in real-world scenarios. Finally, the study highlights potential research directions, including novel architectural innovations and advanced training strategies, that may further enhance the YOLO framework. Overall, this review serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners seeking insights into the evolving landscape of YOLO-based object detection.
तकनीकी शिक्षा में आत्मनिर्भर अधिगम हेतु ग्रंथालय की उपयोगिता
तकनीकी शिक्षा के आधुनिक परिप्रेक्ष्य में ग्रंथालय केवल पुस्तकों का संग्रह नहीं है, बल्कि यह आत्मनिर्भर अधिगम का प्रमुख केंद्र बन चुका है। बदलते वैश्विक ज्ञान-परिदृश्य में तकनीकी शिक्षा के विद्यार्थियों के लिए नवाचार, अनुसंधान और व्यावहारिक कौशल आवश्यक हैं, जिन्हें सुदृढ़ करने में ग्रंथालय की केंद्रीय भूमिका है। डिजिटल संसाधन, ई-पत्रिकाएँ, डाटाबेस, ई-पुस्तकें और ओपन-एक्सेस प्लेटफ़ॉर्म जैसे साधन विद्यार्थियों को स्वाध्याय की सुविधा प्रदान करते हैं। यह शोधपत्र तकनीकी शिक्षा में आत्मनिर्भर अधिगम हेतु ग्रंथालय की उपयोगिता पर केंद्रित है। यह अध्ययन द्वितीयक स्रोतों पर आधारित है, जिसमें वर्तमान साहित्य, शोध आलेख, रिपोर्ट तथा तकनीकी संस्थानों के उदाहरण सम्मिलित किए गए हैं। इसमें यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि ग्रंथालय विद्यार्थियों के लिए केवल ज्ञान-संरक्षण का स्थान नहीं है, बल्कि अधिगम का सक्रिय माध्यम है जो उन्हें नवोन्मेष, समस्या-समाधान और आलोचनात्मक सोच के लिए तैयार करता है। शोधपत्र का निष्कर्ष यह रेखांकित करता है कि तकनीकी शिक्षा में आत्मनिर्भर अधिगम को सशक्त बनाने के लिए ग्रंथालयों को अधिक सूचना एवं संचार प्रौद्योगिकी आधारित, सुलभ एवं शोधोन्मुख बनाना होगा।
When Toasters Meet Televisions: A Conceptual Study on Patterns in Durable Goods Consumption
The consumption of durable goods has always been a symbol of aspirations of the people, lifestyles and economic growth. This is a conceptual paper, When Toasters Meet Televisions: A Conceptual Study on Patterns in Durable Goods Consumption, which attempts to examine the changing patterns and symbolic meaning of consumer durable goods. Durable goods, including the small appliances used in the kitchen (a toaster) and larger household purchases (a television), unlike the perishable or highly replaceable goods, act as indicators of the changing socio-economic status, levels of technology adoption, and culture. The focus of the research is on the interaction of need-based buying and aspiration consumption and also the effect of the technological convergence, brand loyalty, and consumer psychology in the ownership of the durable goods. By synthesizing the existing body of work, the paper conceptualizes the consumption trends in the categories, determines how digitalization and product innovation may be used to transform the demand, and outlines some new trends in consumer behavior. This work through its connection between the micro-utility approach to households and macroeconomic and sociocultural frameworks offers a background on which additional empirical research on the dynamics of durable goods consumption can be conducted.
Reconfiguring Cash Culture through a Primary Investigation of Digital Payment Transitions in South Tamil Nadu’s Retail and Domestic Economies
This study explores the evolving landscape of digital payment adoption among households and retailers in South Tamil Nadu after India's 2016 demonetisation policy. Grounded in Cultural Lag Theory, this study investigates how traditional financial habits, cultural resistance, and forced digital adoption influence sustained digital payment usage. Using a quantitative research design and stratified sampling technique, primary data were collected from 300 respondents across urban, semi-urban, and rural areas. The results reveal that even culturally entrenched cash practices and initially compelled digital behaviours can evolve into long-term digital engagement when supported by trust and contextual adaptation. Regression and mediation analyses confirmed that Digital Trust plays a significant mediating role in transforming reluctant or forced users into consistent adopters. The findings highlight the importance of trust building, culturally contextual interventions, and post-adoption support in enhancing financial inclusion. This study contributes to the emerging literature by applying a sociological lens to digital payment behaviour in the Indian context.
From Survival to Resilience: Understanding Post-Pandemic Realities, Quality of life and Coping Mechanisms of Informal Workers in India’s Most Backward Region of Karnataka State– A Social Work Perspective
The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted India’s informal workforce, particularly in socio-economically marginalized regions like Kalyana Karnataka. This study explores the post-pandemic realities of urban informal workers—such as drivers, vendors, barbers, and tailors—across four districts in the region: Raichur, Kalaburagi, Yadgir, and Koppal. Based on a human rights and ecological social work perspective, the study examines the economic impacts of lockdowns, such as loss of income, job insecurity, and being in debt, and explores their psychological and social implications. Particular emphasis is placed on the coping strategies utilized by these workers, such as adaptive (problem-solving, communal orientation) and maladaptive (emotional withdrawal, substance misuse) forms. The research also explores awareness, availability, and take-up of government welfare schemes like direct benefit transfers and relief packages and finds that procedural logjams, absence of documents, and digital illiteracy constrained the effectiveness of the schemes. In spite of institutional failures, robust informal support structures—made up of family networks, peer groups, and community-based organizations—proved to be key factors determining resilience and recovery. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design and first-hand field data from 384 respondents, the research demonstrates that recovery outcomes were influenced greatly by gender, caste, occupation, and mobile phone ownership variables. The results point to the importance of targeted, locally situated social work interventions that incorporate mental health care, welfare brokerage, and community-level engagement. This study advances the knowledge of disaster resilience among the informal sector and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and social workers to develop more inclusive and responsive support systems for vulnerable people in India.
"The World Wars and their Impact on Global Political Structures"
The two World Wars of the 20 th century were events that reconstituted the global political framework changing the course of power, the system of government and international relations. The First World War (1914-1918) undermined empires and created new nation-states as well as providing a basis of multilateralism in the form of the League of Nations. The Second World War (1939-1945) contributed to the demise of the colonial empires, established the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers and reorganized global politics in the United Nations and the Cold War regime. This article evaluates critically the consequences of the wars in terms of destroying the traditional imperial powers, the emergence of decolonization, and new partnerships as well as furnishing the basis of existing international systems including NATO, EU, and United Nations. The analysis of the catalytic role of the wars on political restructuring on the global front is done through historical review and statistical enumeration.
Empowering Women Through Handicrafts and Handlooms: A Study on Women of Jammu and Kashmir.
The handlooms sectors in Kashmir and Jammu have established schemes of rural crafts that tend to promote the empowerment of women which would help to eradicate the problems regarding the poverty of women. This study highlights the handlooms industry that is inheriting the employment prospects of the handloom sectors to potentially empower women which would help to increase the social condition of women. The handicraft industry is trying to improve the traditional culture of women by providing economic empowerment of women by engaging them in the production of handicrafts. The indigenous textile handlooms industry helps to render a great platform to help women to establish their cultural aspects and help to elevate their position in society. Women are the vulnerable section that requires the establishment of the identity of women. Gender equality is constantly being promoted by these handlooms business sectors that help to promote women's strength and entity. The most important aspect of these small-scale handloom industries is that they promote the development of women's role in the economic sector. This has led to the development of the condition regarding the social and political life of women. Equal opportunities are the only way that can empower women and this concept is being currently followed by the handloom industry. Empowerment would be attained if liberty should be provided to women to prove their skills in the working sector. This would not only turn the condition of the women into betterment but also improve their competitiveness attitude. This would thus help to bring accountability and financial reliability to the economic factor of women.
Role of Change Management Practices in Higher Education Institutions in Kerala
Change is constant in the higher education sector, so in order to provide quality in higher education, institutions must continually adapt these changes. Effective change management practices will help to achieve desired outcomes and maintain competitiveness in the sector. This study tries to explore the role of change management practices in higher education institutions in Kerala, including various challenges and obstacles that institutions face when implementing change. The study focuses on best practices and strategies for managing change in higher education institutions. The study also focuses on various efforts needed for the effective change management practices for maintaining competitiveness in the Higher Education Sector.
Dara Shikoh: A Sufi Scholar’s Quest for Spiritual Convergence and Cultural Pluralism
This paper explores the life and works of Dara Shikoh (1615-1659), a prominent Sufi scholar, philosopher, and translator who embodied the spirit of cultural pluralism and religious syncretism. As a prince of the Mughal Empire, Dara Shikoh's intellectual pursuits and spiritual inclinations led him to explore the intersections between Sufism, Islam, Hinduism, and other faiths. His seminal works, including the Majma-ul-Bahrain (The Confluence of the Two Oceans) and translations of the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita, exemplify his efforts to reconcile seemingly disparate religious traditions. Through his scholarship, Dara Shikoh sought to foster a culture of tolerance, mutual understanding, and spiritual harmony, reflecting the principles of wahdat al-wujud (unity of existence) and sulh-i-kul (universal peace). This paper examines Dara Shikoh's contributions to Sufi thought, interfaith dialogue, and cultural pluralism, highlighting his relevance in contemporary times. It explores how his works embody the spirit of cultural pluralism and religious syncretism, promoting a culture of coexistence and understanding. The paper also discusses the significance of Dara Shikoh's scholarship in the context of the Mughal Empire, Islamic philosophy, and Hindu-Muslim relations. By analyzing Dara Shikoh's life and works, this paper aims to provide insights into the importance of cultural pluralism and religious syncretism in today's world. It highlights the need for interfaith dialogue and understanding and how Dara Shikoh's scholarship can serve as a model for promoting harmony and coexistence among different religious and cultural communities. The paper concludes by emphasizing the relevance of Dara Shikoh's legacy in contemporary times and how his ideas can contribute to fostering a more inclusive and tolerant society.
Leukemia Detection using YOLOv8: A Deep Learning Approach
Leukemia is a blood cancer characterized by abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. Early detection is crucial for improving survival rates. This paper presents the application of YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art object detection model, for detecting leukemic cells in microscopic blood smear images. The methodology includes dataset preprocessing, data augmentation, model training, and evaluation using benchmark datasets. Experimental results demonstrate YOLOv8’s high accuracy and real-time detection capability, highlighting its potential for clinical implementation.
The Influence of Leadership Styles on Teacher Professional Development within School-Based Supervision
This study examines how leadership styles within school-based supervision influence teacher growth, using case studies to generate contextual insights. Effective leadership is critical in shaping teacher development, fostering motivation, and improving instructional quality. The research focuses on transformational, instructional, transactional, and distributed leadership, highlighting their role in strengthening teacher skills and professional commitment. A qualitative case study design was employed across selected secondary schools in the Delhi NCR region. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and focus group discussions with school leaders and teachers. Analysis revealed that transformational leadership inspired innovation and professional autonomy, instructional leadership provided structured guidance, distributed leadership fostered collaboration and shared ownership, while servant-style practices supported teacher well-being and retention. The findings underscore the need to align leadership approaches with teachers’ specific needs and school contexts. A hybrid leadership model, integrating transformational and instructional practices, is recommended to balance vision with practical support. The study offers actionable implications for policymakers, principals, and education stakeholders to enhance teacher growth and professional development. By situating leadership theories in real school contexts, the research contributes to ongoing discourse on optimizing leadership for sustainable teacher growth and improved student outcomes.
Service providers, particularly banks, are constantly concerned about their understanding of customer relationship management. Banks manage their relationships with both new and existing customers in their own unique ways. This paper's goal is to analyse customer relationship management as a novel approach that seeks to find and draw in customers by building relationships between businesses and customers. Maintaining customer happiness and fostering greater client loyalty are the goals of the CRM technique. This paper's goal is to examine the significance of CRM systems and provide a thorough understanding of customer relationship management strategies. This study's primary concern is that CRM has evolved into a complicated, multifaceted phenomena that is influenced by several variables. Because of this intricacy, CRM has been measured using a variety of variables that have been examined in a number of earlier research. However, given the rise in competition and lack of differentiation in service delivery, the majority of businesses must understand and examine the specific CRM metrics and dimensions that significantly affect customer satisfaction and loyalty. This will improve the performance of the business. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the literature on CRM and determine how it affects customer loyalty and satisfaction. The studies are evaluated based on a few general traits and factors that greatly improve CRM and its impact on customer loyalty and satisfaction. To do this, we look into the body of research on how CRM affects customer satisfaction and loyalty as well as how it spreads across publications to find areas that could use improvement.
Towards Paperless Banking: A Conceptual Exploration of E-Banking’s Role in Sustainable Development
E-banking has become a key stimulating factor towards paperless banking which is convenient, efficient and accessible in addition to being a factor towards sustainable development. This paper examines the conceptual relationship between e-banking adoption and the importance of fostering environmental, economic and social sustainability. The paper looks at the major drivers of adoption such as the efficiency of the system, security, customer awareness, as well as concern on the environment. Based on the sample size (185 respondents), the study uses descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation, and regression to determine the relationships. The results have shown that increased awareness, effectiveness of systems, and concern towards the environment has a positive impact on the adoption of paperless that also leads to sustainability. The research also points to the fact that the user-friendly and safe e-banking services should be promoted to promote environmentally friendly banking.
Digital Financial Inclusion among Tribals in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Digital financial inclusion aims to provide accessible, affordable, and secure financial services to underserved populations using digital technologies. Among tribal communities in India, digital financial inclusion remains a challenge due to limited digital infrastructure, low literacy, and socio-cultural barriers. However, the proliferation of mobile technology and government initiatives have opened new opportunities for tribal economic empowerment. This study examines the current status of digital financial inclusion among tribals in India, identifying key challenges and potential opportunities.
Assessing the Role of Customer Lifetime Value in Financial Decision-Making among Indian E-Commerce Firms
The rapid growth of India’s e-commerce sector has reshaped consumer behavior and business strategies, creating new challenges and opportunities for financial decision-making. This study examines how Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) metrics are integrated into the financial planning and investment decisions of Indian e-commerce firms. It evaluates the effectiveness of CLV in predicting long-term profitability, optimizing marketing spend, and enhancing customer retention strategies. The study also explores the unique dynamics of the Indian market, including diverse consumer segments, digital adoption rates, and competitive pressures. By analyzing real-world data and case studies from leading Indian e-commerce companies, this research provides actionable insights on leveraging CLV to drive sustainable financial growth and competitive advantage. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersection between marketing analytics and finance in India’s rapidly evolving digital economy.
Re-Locating Violence and Trauma in “The Journey”
Literature provides a legitimate and appropriate means of analyzing conflict and trauma. The literature from the Northeastern region of India addresses some of the region's contemporary psychological and social issues. The socio-political landscape of the Northeast has seen enormous shifts in the last few decades. Traumatic events throughout its past have influenced the literature of the various regions. Violence motivated explicitly by hatred and strife between ethnic groups is referred to as ethnic violence. Political violence is frequently linked to it. The paper attempts to examine the issue of ethnic violence and, hence, the traumatic consequence it created on the psyche of the people in Indira Goswami’s short story “The Journey”.
Echoes From the Hills: Ecological Consciousness and Indigenous Resistance in Mamang Dai’s The Black Hill
This paper offers an ecocritical reading of Mamang Dai’s Sahitya Akademi-winning novel, The Black Hill, highlighting its interweaving of ecological consciousness and indigenous resistance. The study examines 19th-century colonial encounters in Arunachal Pradesh from the perspective of the Adi and Mishmi communities. It embeds their spiritual and ecological worldview within a contested historical moment. The research employs a qualitative textual analysis, grounded in postcolonial ecocriticism and indigenous environmental perspectives. It explores how Dai’s narrative reconstructs tribal memory and oral history as forms of cultural and ecological resistance. It analyzes the novel’s depiction of land, forests, and rivers not as passive settings, but as sentient agents integral to shaping identity and history. Through characters like Kajinsha and the fictional Gimur, the narrative actively resists colonial silencing and revives indigenous epistemologies rooted in land, ritual, and oral memory. Findings reveal that The Black Hill functions as a powerful literary act of reclamation. Indigenous knowledge, language, and story converge in the novel to assert cultural sovereignty and environmental ethics in opposition to the exploitative logic of colonial capitalism. This study positions the novel as a vital eco-cultural archive that foregrounds the ethical entanglement of human and non-human worlds, advocating for justice and resilience among historically marginalized communities.
Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in International Trade Law: A Comparative Analysis
The rapid globalization of markets and the increasing complexity of cross-border transactions have made dispute resolution a cornerstone of international trade law. Conflicts often arise due to differences in legal systems, contractual obligations, enforcement mechanisms, and interpretations of international agreements. This study provides a comparative analysis of dispute resolution mechanisms in international trade law, focusing on both institutional and ad hoc approaches. The research explores mechanisms such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body, international arbitration under institutions like the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), as well as mediation and negotiation as alternative methods. The study highlights that while the WTO system provides a rules-based, state-to-state mechanism with binding outcomes, international arbitration offers greater flexibility, confidentiality, and enforceability under frameworks such as the New York Convention of 1958. Mediation and conciliation, though less formal, serve as cost-effective and time-efficient options, particularly when preserving long-term commercial relationships is essential. A comparative perspective reveals that each mechanism carries unique advantages and limitations: WTO mechanisms are comprehensive but often lengthy, arbitration is adaptable but costly, and mediation lacks enforceability despite its efficiency treaty obligations, and institutional rules, this research demonstrates that no single dispute resolution system can universally address the dynamic needs of global trade. Instead, a hybrid and context-driven approach is emerging, where parties combine arbitration with mediation (arb-med-arb) or rely on multilateral frameworks in tandem with domestic enforcement mechanisms including the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) initiatives, to bridge jurisdictional differences and enhance predictability in international trade disputes comparative analysis emphasizes the necessity for businesses, governments, and policymakers to strategically select dispute resolution mechanisms based on the nature of trade relationships, sectoral requirements, and enforcement priorities international trade law can better balance efficiency, fairness, and justice in a rapidly evolving global economy.
Consumer Streaming Loyalty and Switching Behaviour across OTT Platforms in the Attention Economy
In the age of digital abundance, where attention is the most valuable currency, over-the-top (OTT) platforms are engaged in an aggressive pursuit of consumer loyalty. This study investigates the nuanced dynamics of consumer retention and switching behaviour across leading OTT platforms in India, adopting a mixed-methods approach rooted in both primary and secondary data. Drawing insights from a diverse set of cities and user segments, the research explores the key factors—such as subscription fatigue, content preferences, platform usability, perceived value, and psychological loyalty—that drive sustained engagement or trigger platform-switching behaviour. Empirical data were collected via structured questionnaires and focus groups, complemented by secondary data from industry reports, TRAI bulletins, and user behaviour analytics. The study employs Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to establish causal relationships among variables and confirm the hypothesised model. The findings reveal a complex interplay between perceived value and content personalisation as significant predictors of loyalty, while ad-fatigue and pricing inconsistencies contribute to churn. Notably, regional content and language accessibility emerged as strong anchors of platform stickiness in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. The study contributes to literature on digital consumer behaviour and attention economics, offering insights for marketers, strategists, and platform developers aiming to foster long-term viewer engagement in India’s hyper-competitive streaming ecosystem. Implications for platform bundling, content differentiation, and user retention strategies are discussed. The study concludes with recommendations for policy and managerial action, grounded in empirical rigour and contextual relevance.
Upcycled Textile Products: A Study on Consumer Acceptance and Sustainability
The increase in textile waste, with its major rising environmental concerns has led to the need to add sustainable solutions in the fashion industry. One effective approach is upcycling textile waste, which helps minimize landfill waste and promotes a more sustainable future. The accumulated textile waste should be reduced and the city should be made greener. Compared to the waste that is generated upcycling practiced by the society is very less. Though many researchers have worked on this still upcycling is considered a niche in the market and is not very well known among common people. This research focuses on applying upcycling to create creative home decor and functional products from the textile waste generated. 30 innovative upcycled home decor and functional products were developed out of which 13 products were selected for further study. The products were evaluated for their acceptability in consumers and sustainable benefits: economic, social, and environmental aspects in Pune District. The findings revealed a significant level of consumer acceptance for upcycled textiles, driven by perceived economic, social, and environmental benefits. The study also confirms that upcycling textile waste into new products is a highly effective strategy for solving the textile waste problem in Pune District. Design, innovation, aesthetic look, texture, and price are considered a few important aspects considered by consumers for upcycled products. To maximize these approaches, continued support and investment in upcycling initiatives are essential, fostering a sustainable approach to waste management and consumer engagement in Pune District.
Living Marks: An Overview of Motifs and Symbolism in Baiga Tribal Tattooing
Tribal tattoos are called as Godna in most of the parts in India. Godna is the cultural identity of Baiga tribe located in Central India, mainly in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Apart from body decoration, these tattoos are symbols of belonging, narrate life stages, and give spiritual protection as per their beliefs. This research focuses on Baiga tattoo beliefs, its processes, motifs & its meanings based on secondary sources such as research papers, books, visual archives, and documentaries. These tattoo motifs include geometric shapes, symbols from nature and they all carry specific meaning and significance. These tattoo motifs narrate important life events of women such as puberty, marriage, childbirth. This study also discusses motifs and symbolism. Due to education and modernization young generation is avoiding this stringent tattoo process. This paper throws light on importance of godna as cultural heritage, emphasizing need of documentation of its symbolic meanings, aesthetics for future generations.
Invisible Frontlines: Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Unorganized Service Sector Workers in Kalyana Karnataka – A Social Work Perspective
The COVID-19 pandemic gravely affected India's informal service sector, which accounts for a considerable proportion of the country's workforce. The impact was especially severe in traditionally marginalized areas such as Kalyana Karnataka owing to existing socio-economic vulnerabilities. This research is centered on unorganized service sector employees—like auto-rickshaw drivers, barbers, street vendors, tailors, and domestic workers—who saw precipitous drops in work, earnings, and overall well-being during the pandemic. Applying the mixed-methods research design, the current study utilizes primary data obtained from 151 respondents via structured surveys and semi-structured interviews across four urban municipalities of Kalyana Karnataka region. The findings indicate more than 60% of the respondents indicating full loss of income, with a majority of them depending on informal debt with high interest rates to cover essential expenditures. The psychosocial effect was big, with employees feeling increased emotional distress, strained interpersonal relationships, and deteriorating physical health because of long-term economic insecurity. Although government and non-governmental interventions were put in place during the crisis, they were limited by low awareness, digital exclusion, and administrative constraints. Examining the crisis through a social work perspective rooted in rights-based and resilience frameworks, the study highlights the structural and systemic fault lines that left informal workers vulnerable. It calls for localized, inclusive, and worker-centric policy interventions, as well as the embedding of social work practices within municipal welfare administration. The results call for long-term responses that facilitate economic recuperation as well as psychosocial resilience in India's most vulnerable labour forces.
“नागपूर मध्यमवर्गीय स्त्रियांचा भांडवल बाजारातील गुंतवणूक व्यवहार: मानसिकता आणि अडचणी”
हा अभ्यास नागपूर शहरातील मध्यमवर्गीय स्त्रियांच्या भांडवल बाजारातील गुंतवणूक व्यवहार, त्यांच्या गुंतवणूक करण्याची मानसिकता आणि त्या दरम्यान येणाऱ्या अडचणी यांचा सखोल अभ्यास करतो. संशोधनासाठी 200 महिलांचा नमुना निवडला गेला. वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकी, गृहीतक चाचण्या व विश्लेषणाच्या माध्यमातून हे समजून घेण्याचा प्रयत्न केला गेला की, स्त्रिया कोणत्या कारणांमुळे भांडवल बाजारात गुंतवणूक करण्यास उदासीन आहेत आणि त्यांचे गुंतवणूक निर्णय कोणत्या घटकांवर अवलंबून असतात. अभ्यासाचे निष्कर्ष वित्तीय साक्षरता वाढविणे, गुंतवणूक सल्लागारांचा मार्गदर्शन, आणि महिलांसाठी विशेष गुंतवणूक योजना तयार करण्याची गरज अधोरेखित करतात.
Branding Strategies in Higher Education: Building Institutional Identity in a Competitive Market
In the globalized and increasingly competitive higher education landscape, branding has emerged as a critical tool for institutions to build and sustain a distinct institutional identity. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are no longer evaluated solely on academic excellence; stakeholders now consider how effectively these institutions position themselves in the market to attract students, faculty, and collaborations. This study investigates branding strategies adopted by HEIs and evaluates their effectiveness in strengthening institutional identity and influencing stakeholder perceptions. A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining case studies of leading universities (Harvard University, Amity University, and the University of Melbourne) with stakeholder surveys and secondary data analysis. The findings highlight how elite institutions focus on legacy and prestige, while emerging universities emphasize affordability, employ-ability, and global collaborations. Challenges such as cultural adaptation, resource constraints, and maintaining brand consistency were identified as key barriers to effective branding. The study concludes with practical recommendations for HEIs to develop adaptive, culturally sensitive, and globally resonant branding strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the evolving education market.
Mental Health Among Graduate during Covid 19: A Case of Muzaffarpur District of Bihar
The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted college students' mental health, especially in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, where mental health resources are poor. This study examines how stress, anxiety, sadness, loneliness, and resilience affect students' mental health. Quantitative data was collected from 400 college students utilising standardised psychological exams. Mental health was negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, sadness, and loneliness, whereas resilience was positively correlated with well-being. Multiple regression analysis revealed anxiety (-0.0728) as the largest harmful influence, followed by depression (-0.0523), stress (-0.0457), and resilience (+0.0306) as a protective factor. The model explained 40% of mental health evaluations (R2=0.40), emphasising the need for targeted interventions. Resilience-building, stress-management, and social engagement activities are needed to reduce student psychological distress. This study provides empirical data for policymakers and educators to create student-centered mental health treatments, improving mental health research.
रीतिकालीन राज व्यवस्था में सामंतवाद का अध्ययन
Bhartiya samantvad Shabd ki baat karen to Bhartiya Janata ka vichar puratan Bharat ki ek Vishesh rajnitik vyavastha ki or jata Hai jise atirikt Roop se Bharat ki swayatta se pahle jamindari dhanche ke roop mein Mana jata Hai ek sahityakar Ne vistrit Aadhar per Bhartiya samantvad ki baat ki hai sahityakar Ne ise Bhartiya prashasan vyavastha ya pratishthit Parivar mein nahin rakhte Hain halanki yah swikar bhi karte hain aap sabhi Bhartiya jante Hain ki ek Desh aur ek rashtra prasha san karne Wale ine teenon kshetron ke bad madhyakalin Bhartiya samantvad ki sthapna Hui Hai lekhak Ne is drishtikon ko aur viksit Kiya aur yah dawa karte hue ke prachin Bharat ke rajnaitik dhaar mein kalatmak aur rajnitik Pradhan prachin Bharat mein main Gupt vansh ke samanya Kal ke dauran apne samanti Yug mein pahunche The isliye yah bhi spasht ho jata hai ki Bhartiya madhyakalin samantvad ek Vishesh pravritti ka Naam tha Jo tatkalyah Vishesh pravritti kya thi ki uska Swaroop kya tha yah kar aasan nahin hai isliye sahityakaron ko yahan Tak kahana pada ki madhyakalin Bhartiya samantvad ke per Bhasha karna Aaj kathin Hai jis prakar jitne bhi hinduvadi lekhak Hain hindu dharm ki utna hi paribhasha hai usi prakar madhyakalin Bhartiya samantvad per shodh karne Wale jitne vidwan Hain utane hi tarah ki paribhashaen Hain is shodh paper mein iska vistar ke sath ullekh Kiya gaya ha
Impact of Financial Innovation on User Trust, Retention, and Loyalty in Fin-tech Platforms: Evidence from Nagpur City
The trends of Fin-tech spaces gaining fast are remaking the manner in which people undertake monetary operations and are bringing novel methods that support convenience, productivity, and availability. This paper focuses on the effect of financial innovation on user trust, retention, and loyalty in Fin-tech platforms and considers Nagpur City, in particular. With the help of a descriptive research design, 200 active users Fin-tech received questionnaires to fill them in, and 180 valid replies were evaluated. The results identify that such innovative characteristics as improved security, personalized service, and easy-to-use interfaces can have a strong impact on user trust that, negatively, can affect user retention and loyalty. The paper notes that the initial attractiveness of innovation is followed by trust as a key to long-term continuity and commitment among the users. The findings can be of great help to Fin-tech companies aiming to deliver customer-oriented plans which may foster the aspect of trust, stimulating further usage, and developing loyalty, in the context of competent digital financial ecosystems.
The Impact of Digital Marketing on Urban Consumers’ Herbal Cosmetic Buying Behavior in Pune
This paper found how digital marketing influences consumer purchasing habits on herbal cosmetic products in the Pune city on the understanding of how awareness, attitudes, opportunities, challenges, and desired digital mediums influence purchase intention. A questionnaire that was structured was given to 400 people and analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability and validity tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings have shown that digital marketing has a strong impact on increasing consumer awareness and attitudes and, at the same time, opens new opportunities, including AI-driven personalization, augmented reality try-on solutions, and transparency of ingredients, and generates challenges, including mistrust, authenticity concerns, and expensive pricing. Some of the major insights made are that consumer buying behaviour is the most significant determination of purchase intention, a role that reinforces the critical role of positive digital encounter towards the final purchase decision. The research is an addition to the literature on digital marketing in developing economies as it confirms that it is both a facilitator and an inhibitor depending on its implementation. It also provides useful suggestions to marketers, managers, and policymakers to maximize the digital campaigns, increase consumer confidence, and ensure sustainable use of the herbal cosmetics.
Work–Life Balance and Mental Health: A Study of Stress, Anxiety and Coping Mechanisms among Working Women in Nagpur
The idea of work-life balance has emerged as one of the most urgent issues of working women because the need to reconcile work challenges with basic life causes stress and anxiety, which deteriorates the mental state. The paper focuses on the work-life balance of 200 working women in Nagpur and evaluates measures of stress, anxiety levels and coping strategies. Through descriptive research design and structured questionnaire, the research concludes that the majority of the respondents have moderate work life balance and have moderate stress and anxiety. The most prevalent strategies of coping involved time management and relaxation techniques. Correlation analysis showed that work-life balance has a significant negative correlation with the variables of mental health, which implies that the better the balance, the lower the psychological strain. These results highlight the need to support the well-being of working women with the help of favorable workplace policies, interventions aimed at reducing stress levels, and proactive coping strategies.
Comparative Study of Synthetic and Herbal Hepatoprotective Agents on Serum Liver Enzyme Levels
Hepatoprotective agents are significant in reducing liver damage as liver diseases are a significant health issue among the global population. The wide usage of synthetic hepatoprotective drugs is losing popularity to herbal alternatives, whose character is based on its natural origin and a small number of side effects. The purpose of this study is to comparatively determine indispensable results alongside synthetic and herbal hepatoprotective aids on indispensable liver enzyme amounts such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in test animals. The findings reveal that the synthetic and herbal agents have significant effects of lowering the high levels of liver enzymes, and the herbal ones prove to be similar in their effects as well as possess improved safety conditions. The results indicate the possible utilization of herbal hepatoprotective compounds as efficient substitutes of the traditional synthetic medications.
Microbial Quorum Quenching by Natural Products: Mechanisms and its Applications
Threats to public health around the world are emerging at an alarming rate, as microbial species (infectious agents) are becoming increasingly resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Nearly every agent that can spread infection (such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses) at high levels has developed multidrug resistance (MDR) with increased morbidity and mortality and has been called “superbugs”. Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to exchange messages, thereby enhancing their ability to cause harm. Attacking the quorum-sensing process may prevent bacteria from being virulent, but it will not make the bacteria resistant. The process of Quorum Quenching (QQ) uses chemicals or enzymes to stop QS from regulating certain behaviors. They are also known as QQ molecules because they are chemical reproductions made in the lab or extracted from plants. Because of this, rather than using cellular and biochemical methods, plants may rely on making anti-QS compounds to protect themselves from QS pathogens. The positive effects of medicinal plants on quorum sensing have been noted, so efforts have been made to thoroughly review them.
Developmental Plans Implemented for Adopting Information Technology in RTM Nagpur University Nagpur College Library : A Analytical study
Today, along with the industrial revolution of the world, there has been an information revolution. Information Today Information Today Today's era is said to be the information era . In this information era, information has to be made available in modern libraries . This information is being used by teachers , students , researchers , scientists and people in the society and technology is doing the work of delivering this information instantly. Therefore, the technology through which information is delivered to the masses is called information technology. This information technology is being used in every field in modern times. In this article, the background of the study is explained, the objectives of the research , scope , limitations , literature review, research methods, tools for collecting information , challenges of who will benefit from adopting information technology, implementation strategy, conclusions, and future directions will be drawn. Based on the above research, developmental plans implemented for adopting information technology in Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur College Library : A analytical study While collecting information about this, a questionnaire was adopted. In this questionnaire, a questionnaire was distributed to 60 librarians, out of which 20 librarians returned it. In this questionnaire, college library librarians from Nagpur , Wardha , Gondia and Bhandara districts of Nagpur University in Nagpur division were filled in. It has been seen that the adoption of information technology has been maximum in libraries .
Empowerment of Women in India: A Study of Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal
Women’s empowerment is a central component of India’s socio-economic transformation and a key indicator of sustainable development. This study investigates the dynamics of women’s empowerment in the Jalpaiguri District of West Bengal, emphasizing the social, economic, and political dimensions of empowerment. Employing a qualitative research design, the study draws upon primary data obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and case studies, supplemented by secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and NGO documentation. The findings indicate that initiatives such as self-help groups (SHGs), government welfare schemes, and non-governmental interventions have contributed significantly to enhancing women’s agency, decision-making capacity, and economic participation. However, persistent challenges including patriarchal social structures, limited access to education and financial resources, and cultural constraints—continue to impede comprehensive empowerment. The paper argues for a multidimensional policy framework integrating education, skill development, institutional support, and participatory governance to ensure sustainable empowerment outcomes.
भारतीय समाज में धर्माश्रित सत्ता के अन्तर्गत दलित, गरीब और पिछड़े वर्ग के अशिक्षित लोगों को समानता और सदभाव के साथ जीवन यापन करने के लिए; सनातन धर्म के वैचारिक स्रोत से हिन्दुओं को सन्मार्ग पर चलने के लिए प्रेरित करने का कार्य ऋषि, मुनि, तपस्वी, वेदाचार्य, सन्त, गुरू और ज्ञानी पंडित करेंगे, तभी संभव हो सकेगा। अन्यथा समाज में दलितों के जीवन में हुए सामाजिक, राजनैतिक, आर्थिक और धार्मिक शोषण, अन्याय और अत्याचार के खिलाफ विद्रोह की भावना दलित चेतना के रूप में अभिव्यक्त होती रहेगी। यही दलित चेतना भारतीय समाज की वर्ण व्यवस्था के विरोध में तब तक खड़ी रहेगी, जब तक दलितों में जातिगत जागृति, स्वत्वभाव, आत्मसम्मान, अस्तित्व अन्य जातियों के समान नहीं हो जाता है। सर्वप्रथम, डॉ. भीमराव अम्बेडकर ने दलितों को जाग्रत करने के लिए सामाजिक राजनीतिक आर्थिक और धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता के अधिकारों हेतु दलित आन्दोलनों में भाषणों के माध्यम से खुलकर आवाज उठाई। उन्होंने समाज के पिछड़े और तिरस्कृत लोगों पर लेख लिखे और पुस्तकें भी लिखीं, साथ ही दलितोत्थान के लिए संविधान में अनुसूचित जातियों और अनुसूचित जनजातियों को सम्मानजनक अधिकार दिये। वैसे ही सहानुभूतिक या गैर- दलित उपन्यासकारों ने दलित पीड़ा को अपने उपन्यासों में बाखूबी उजागर किया है, लेकिन उसे स्वानुभूतिक दलित उपन्यासकारों ने दलित पात्रों के माध्यम से या स्वयं भोगी गई पीड़ा को धार्मिक चेतना के रूप में वर्णसत्ता को उधेड़कर चिंदी-चिंदी कर दिया। अतः हिन्दी दलित उपन्यासों में धार्मिक चेतना दलित जीवन के विभिन्न आयामों को स्पर्श करती हुई समाज में उदांत प्रभाव छोड़ती है।
A Comparative Study Od Sishu, Kishore and Tarun Schemes Under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana: Challenges and Opportunities.
This economic study examines the impact of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) on micro-entrepreneurship development in India, focusing on the Sishu, Kishore, and Tarun schemes. The study analyzes the loan disbursement trends, repayment patterns, and socio-economic benefits of PMMY across different beneficiary segments. The findings reveal that PMMY has been instrumental in promoting financial inclusion, entrepreneurship, and economic growth among micro-enterprises. The Sishu scheme has been particularly effective in supporting start-ups and new entrepreneurs, while the Kishore and Tarun schemes have facilitated expansion and growth of existing businesses. The study also highlights the challenges faced by beneficiaries, including inadequate awareness, cumbersome application processes, and high interest rates. The study recommends policy interventions to enhance the effectiveness of PMMY, such as streamlining application procedures, providing interest subsidies, and offering training and mentorship support to beneficiaries.
Madhavikutty: A Different Face of Women’s Freedom
What are the needs and desires of a woman? In a society which has permitted only limited space for her will and desires, where is the place for her soul-searching experiments? How can the being of a woman, the identity of a woman, excluded and exiled from the domains of various exposures and experiences, enter into a pact with her times and society? Has woman got any right to indulge in pleasure, ecstasy, and bliss? Through her writings, Madhavikutty alias Kamala Das portrayed the distinct attitudes and aptitudes of women which have remained imperfect despite the few areas of self-expression allowed for them which throws light on the interior of feminine creativity by raising a host of questions. The world of her writings presents a totally different domain of imagination laying bare the various layers of body writing. Here, there is an attempt to explore into the recesses of Madhavikutty’s poetic inscape by trying to lay bare the deep desires, intimate emotions and subversive insights infused into the idiom of her poetic effusions.
Reinventing Livelihoods: A Case Study of Kammalar Community in Alleppey District of Kerala
This paper discusses the unique historical identity gained by the Kammalar community in South India due to their contributions to temple arts and crafts. A brief analysis of the factors responsible for their settlement in Kerala is attempted. Besides, the study investigates the push and pull factors that contributed to job mobility from the traditional crafts, especially among the younger generations of this community. The primary survey-based investigation of the Kammalar community in the Alleppey District of Kerala shows that education, competition from machine-made products, and declining preference for conventional art have contributed to this adaptation to modern markets.
From Pain to Voice: Trauma, Violence, and Narrative Reconstruction in The Kite Runner
This study examines the narrativization of trauma, violence, and cultural identity in Khaled Hosseini’s fiction, particularly The Kite Runner (2003) and A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007). As an Afghan-American novelist, Hosseini integrates personal memory, historical experience, and political consciousness to portray Afghanistan’s sociocultural realities. His works articulate multiple forms of violence—personal, structural, and cultural—while situating these within both national and transnational contexts. Through the lens of trauma and cultural theory, this paper explores how Hosseini fictionalizes the legacy of collective suffering and displacement, foregrounding gender oppression, ethnic discrimination, and patriarchal hegemony as recurring sources of violence. Characters such as Amir, Hassan, Mariam, and Soraya embody psychological and physical scars shaped by familial neglect, ethnic hierarchies, and gendered marginalization. The study highlights how Hosseini transforms fiction into a medium of social critique and moral reconciliation, representing trauma not only as destruction but also as a catalyst for healing. By drawing on Jeffery Alexander’s concept of cultural trauma, the paper rests Hosseini’s narratives within a global discourse on post-war memory, identity, and human rights. Ultimately, Hosseini’s fiction reimagines Afghanistan’s suffering as both a local and universal condition, inviting readers to confront the enduring consequences of violence through empathy and ethical renewal.
Environmental Issues in Vedic, Epic and Purāṇic Literature (A Study of Forest Fire Anecdotes)
The need for this research is current trends in environmental changes and degradation. Climate change, floods, droughts, Pollution, Environmental degradation and resource depletion, bio-diversity loss etc are the outcome of anthropogenic exploitation of natural resources. There is a sudden rise in the Green House Gases in the atmosphere of earth and hence the average temperature of the planet earth is rapidly uprising for the past hundred years. This, in turn, is responsible for the weather changes, Sea Level Changes, Land Use Patterns – collectively termed as climate change. Environmental Pollution is a major challenge for the World in the years to come. Massive burning of woods in Amazon of Brazil and Indonesia Archipelago for the unending human greed, the recurrent seasonal forest fires in the woods of California, the trans-boundary Asian Brown Hedge formed in between Earth and Ether of South and South East Asia are the environmental issues of prime concern for this decade. This paper deals with the solution to modern pollution problems in the Vedic, Epic and Puranic Literature. It also explores the sustainable mechanism as mentioned in the above-mentioned pieces of literature. These Forest Fire anecdotes are described, analysed, critically discussed and arrived at a conclusive resolve of the research problem.
The Digital Kirana Social Media Strategies for Quick Commerce Platforms to Penetrate the Gujarat Market
The retail landscape in India is rapidly evolving, driven by technological advancements, changing consumer behavior, and the rise of quick commerce (Q-commerce) platforms. Traditional Kirana stores are increasingly integrating digital technologies to remain competitive, particularly through strategic use of social media for marketing, customer engagement, and brand building. This study examines how digital Kirana stores can leverage social media strategies to penetrate the Gujarat market, considering factors such as consumer awareness, adoption of digital payments, and operational efficiency. Drawing on secondary data from academic literature, industry reports, and market analyses, the research highlights effective approaches including content marketing, influencer collaborations, regional language promotions, and AI-driven analytics for predictive insights. The study identifies opportunities for collaboration, challenges faced by traditional retailers, and the importance of cybersecurity and technology adoption. Findings suggest that combining social media engagement with AI and machine learning can enhance market penetration, optimize operations, and foster consumer loyalty, providing actionable recommendations for retailers and Q-commerce platforms in Gujarat.
Integrating Sustainable Development Goals into Fashion Education: Bridging Sustainability and Awareness among Future Designers
Although the fashion industry is a challenge in boosting the economy of the world, it is one of the most resource consuming and polluting industries. There is an urgency to do something about its environmental and social imprint, especially considering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. As the pillar of producing future designers, fashion education is the key to the development of sustainable practices and attitudes. The article discusses the idea of SDGs implementation in fashion schools as a method of developing sustainability consciousness and responsible design thinking in students. The review of the existing literature and the analysis of the curriculum and the views of stakeholders allow determining that the following opportunities and barriers exist in the processes of implementing sustainability in fashion pedagogy. The results indicate that integrating design education into SDGs can improve student awareness of ethical and ecological issues as well as equip them to become change agents of the fashion industry. The study is a proposal of a framework of curriculum development, which bridges sustainability and innovative creativity, such that future designers can be capable to make a significant contribution to the global sustainability agenda.
AI Tutors in the Indian Classroom: A Comparative Study of Language Learning through Adaptive Technology
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tutors into Indian classrooms marks a transformative shift in language education, aligning with the vision of NEP 2020 for personalized and inclusive learning. This study comparatively examines the effectiveness of AI-based adaptive learning platforms in enhancing English language proficiency among middle school students in urban private and rural government schools. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected from 200 learners through pre- and post-language assessments, engagement surveys, and teacher interviews conducted over a three-month intervention period. Results reveal significant improvement in reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition in both groups, with private school learners demonstrating higher digital engagement, while government school students benefited more in foundational grammar skills. The study also highlights challenges such as limited infrastructure, teacher apprehension, and inconsistent internet access, which impede the scalability of AI-assisted learning in rural settings. Overall, the findings affirm that AI tutors can supplement traditional pedagogy by providing individualized feedback and adaptive pacing, though their success relies on teacher facilitation and contextual adaptation. This comparative evaluation underscores the potential of AI-driven language learning to bridge educational divides, provided equitable access and teacher training are ensured.
Transcending Gender Binaries: Exploring Manjukapur's “A Married Woman” and “The Immigrant”
Gender studies speak of gender exploitation gender stereotypes and gender equity. The whole issue hinges on sex differentiations, which is natural and its variance from gender differentiations, patriarchy has ruled the roost side-lining women as the ‘second sex’. Nature does not permit any differentiation among the sexes based on gender roles. But for generations, women have been victims of oppression, exploitations and denial of rights. In fact, they have become complicitous in their own subjugation by passively accepting and fulfilling stereotypical roles of self – denial, self - sacrifice and spiritual suicide. So, one feels the time has come to de -gender ourselves and be classed as ‘humans’ capable of conscious living and intelligent thinking. This is the solution implied in Manju Kapur’s A Married Woman (2002) and The Immigrant (2008) the two novels have been chosen as test cases. Both the protagonists undergo a metamorphosis in the white heat miserable, familial and social existence. Astha though, she returns to family - life is a different person at the close of the novel. She has seen the bitterness of both sites of life, inner and the outer, the familial and the experimental and become sadder and wiser. Nina in the final chapter of The Immigrant is ‘Arthanari’ having become semi – man expecting a new opening in a new land. The novel portrays her odyssey from India to Montreal and from a helpless immigrant to a militant citizen of the world.
Green Gold Choices in South Tamil Nadu – A Study on Investor Perceptions of SGBs, ETFs, and Jewellery
This study examines investor behaviour and preferences concerning three primary gold investment options—Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs), Gold Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), and traditional gold jewellery—focusing on the South Tamil Nadu region. Utilising the framework of behavioural finance theory, this study explores the influence of key psychological biases, including risk aversion, loss aversion, herd behaviour, and emotional attachment, on investment decisions. Primary data were collected from 300 respondents using a structured questionnaire and analysed using statistical methods such as binary and multinomial logistic regression, chi-square tests, and moderation analysis. The findings indicate that, contrary to traditional assumptions that emotional and risk-related biases significantly impact investment behaviour, none of the behavioural variables demonstrated a statistically significant influence on the choice of gold investment in this sample. Furthermore, socio-demographic factors such as income did not significantly moderate these relationships. The results underscore the necessity of a more nuanced understanding of investor behaviour that integrates both behavioural and structural factors, such as accessibility, digital literacy, and trust in formal investment systems. This study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainable investment behaviour in developing regions and provides practical recommendations for enhancing awareness and the adoption of formal gold investment instruments.
The Indispensable Role of Targeted Pedagogical Intervention in Navigating the IELTS Examination Landscape
The demand for English Language Testing is soaring high, given the unprecedented migration of students to first-world nations. While the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) holds a stronger position, students often struggle to achieve their required band score. Since the strategies adopted by studies to prepare for the test vary, the results are different for different students. This paper examines the multifaceted contributions of IELTS trainers, emphasising their expertise in familiarising test-takers with the test format, developing skills specific to the test, and managing time effectively. It highlights the role of trainers in bridging trainers bridge the gap between language competence and test-taking proficiency by providing targeted feedback, fostering exam-oriented confidence, and tailoring instruction to learners’ linguistic and cultural contexts. Moreover, trainers play a critical role in demystifying assessment criteria, thereby enabling candidates to align their performance with band descriptors. By exploring pedagogical approaches, motivational techniques, and individualised coaching, this paper underscores the indispensable value of trainers in maximising candidate success and ensuring a structured, efficient, and learner-centred preparation process
Assessing The Public Health Impact of Online Food Ordering Habits: Insights from the Indian Market
The rapid proliferation of online food-ordering platforms such as Swiggy, Zomato, and Uber Eats has transformed the food service landscape in urban India, providing consumers with unparalleled convenience and variety. However, this digital shift in food consumption behavior has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on public health. This study examined the relationship between online food ordering habits and the prevalence of lifestyle-related health issues, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol, particularly within the Indian urban and semi-urban context. A structured questionnaire was administered to 300 respondents selected through stratified sampling, considering variables such as age, sex, income level, and geographic location. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA), and logistic regression to assess the effects of ordering frequency, nutritional awareness, and income levels on food choices and health outcomes. The results indicated a significant positive correlation between the frequency of online food ordering and the incidence of lifestyle diseases. High-income individuals were more inclined to choose healthier food options, whereas nutritional awareness emerged as a strong predictor of better dietary choices across all income groups. Despite this, the majority of respondents reported the limited availability and visibility of healthy options on food delivery platforms. This study underscores the urgent need for collaborative efforts from public health policymakers, food delivery platforms, and nutrition educators to promote health-conscious food choices. Recommendations include integrating nutritional labeling, offering promotional incentives for healthy meals, and increasing public awareness through educational campaigns. By elucidating the public health implications of online food ordering, this research contributes to a better understanding of consumer behavior in the digital food economy and proposes actionable insights to mitigate the health risks associated with changing dietary patterns.
Role Of Social Media in Changing the Buying Behaviour of Adolescents in Thiruvannamalai District
The momentum of social media marketing is increasing in the technological world to influence their target consumers and have their capacity to change their buying behaviour and purchase decision pattern. Many marketers and manufacturers exploit the present marketing trends of social media marketing to reach their target consumers very easily and also they are able to interact with them frequently. The main aim of the study is to study and validate the different factors responsible for social media marketing perception prevailing among adolescents as well as to classify the adolescents buying behaviour based on their intensified social media activities. It is found that social media marketing and social media activities are found to dominate the adolescents based on their immediate communication and useful information to create perception about the products they intended to purchase. The social media marketing paves the way for the adolescents to have the frequent interaction with the social media users and the marketers directly. These information and interaction motivate them to transform the learned information through social media to others and are meticulously observe the promotions of the product by the marketers to take their decision ultimately. Similarly the buying behaviour of adolescents can be studied over six important factors that are specific interest of socialization and mingling with peer group and their friends.
The Legal Realism of the Access and Utilization of Forest Land by the Tribals in India Vis-A-Vis Australia.
This paper examines two landmark legal frameworks India’s Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (FRA) and Australia’s Native Title Act 1993 (NTA) which aim to restore land rights to indigenous forest-dwelling communities. The FRA was enacted to “undo the historical injustice” done to tribal communities by formally recognizing and vesting their customary forest rights. Likewise, the NTA followed the Mabo decision (1992) to acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ native title under common law. Both statutes enshrine the principle of self-determination and seek to secure livelihoods, culture and dignity for indigenous peoples, but their implementation has diverged. In India, FRA empowers Gram Sabhas (village councils) to adjudicate claims and grants a bundle of individual and community rights. In Australia, native title is recognized through federal court determinations and Indigenous Land Use Agreements; claimants must prove continuous traditional connection since sovereignty, and rights remain non‑exclusive and subject to prior interests. This comparative study uses doctrinal analysis of statutes and case law, review of implementation data and field studies, and illustrative case examples to assess how effectively these regimes realize the right to life and dignity of forest-dwelling peoples. The analysis finds that although both frameworks have achieved important legal in practice India’s FRA is still largely unimplemented in most areas, and Australia’s native title system remains burdened by stringent proof requirements. Administrative bottlenecks, contested conservations laws, and entrenched interests have hampered both regimes.
Optimizing Patch Antenna Performance Through Defected Ground Structure
The main objective of this work is to develop a microstrip patch antenna featuring a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) working at 2.45 GHz of ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. It necessitates the use of a suitable substrate with a low dielectric constant to achieve minimal return loss. The antenna has been simulated using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software, a 3D simulator, and was subsequently fabricated and tested. The measured results indicate a similar match with between the simulated and experimental values for Return Loss (-20dB) and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.21. Nevertheless, the experimental results confirmed that DGS structure has successfully improved the total effectiveness of the antenna.
राजीव गांधी किसान न्याय योजना के गोठान परियोजना के माध्यम से बंजर भूमि की उत्पादकता और ग्रामीण संसाधन सुधार का अध्ययन
छत्तीसगढ़ सरकार की गोठान परियोजना राज्य की ग्रामीण अर्थव्यवस्था को पुनर्जीवित करने का एक अभिनव प्रयास है। यह परियोजना न केवल पशुधन संरक्षण का केंद्र है, बल्कि बंजर भूमि के समुचित उपयोग, जल संरक्षण, चारा विकास तथा पर्यावरणीय सुधार का भी प्रभावी माध्यम बन चुकी है। ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में वर्षों से उपेक्षित पड़ी बंजर भूमि को गोठान योजना के तहत पशुपालन, वर्मी कम्पोस्ट उत्पादन, बायो-गैस निर्माण और जैविक खेती जैसे कार्यों में प्रयुक्त किया जा रहा है। इससे भूमि की उत्पादकता में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई है तथा मिट्टी की उर्वरता और हरियाली में सुधार देखा गया है। इस शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य गोठानों के माध्यम से बंजर भूमि के उत्पादक उपयोग, जल एवं चारा विकास, पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता और ग्रामीण संसाधन प्रबंधन पर इसके प्रभाव का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन से यह पाया गया कि गोठानों ने न केवल बंजर भूमि को उपयोग में लाकर उसे कृषि योग्य बनाया है, बल्कि पशु चारा की उपलब्धता, जल संरक्षण, मिट्टी सुधार और सामुदायिक सहभागिता को भी प्रोत्साहित किया है। इस परियोजना ने ग्रामीण पर्यावरण और संसाधनों को सशक्त करते हुए सतत विकास (Sustainable Development) की दिशा में ठोस कदम बढ़ाए हैं।
Design of CPW-Fed Flexible Fractal Shape Circular Ring Patch Antenna for Biomedical Applications at ISM Band
“A CPW-Fed flexible flexible flexible fracture shape circular ring patch (FSCRP) antenna is presented and optimized for biomedical applications in the ISM band”. While working on 2.46 GHz, the antenna exhibits excellent impedance “bandwidth and stable spherical polarization, making it suitable for implantable medical devices (IMD)” and wireless body area network (WBANS). In the free location, the antenna receives a .933.9 dB reflection coefficient with 390 MHz bandwidth, while on a human hand structure, it offers 36.97 dB with 800 MHz bandwidth. The proposed design displays favorable axial ratio performance, acceptable SAR level, and reliable advantage, proves its gratitude to biotelemetry applications.
Ecological Perception in Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine
One of the most influential, successful, and prolific Native American authors today is Louise Erdrich. Love Medicine, which depicts the life of Chippewa Indians living on reservations and demonstrates the irreparable and catastrophic impact that white people have had on Indian tribes, is considered to be her most emblematic work. Native Americans endured great suffering and the living conditions on reservations were severely damaged, but they never gave up. Instead, they banded together and made the most of their intimate connection to nature to restore the balance between men and women and between man and nature. This essay examines the interconnected and unbreakable bond between traditional Indians and their lands to highlight Native Americans’ ecological consciousness and provoke discussion of the current ecological catastrophe.
A Study on Students Perception towards Total Quality Management Practices in Arts and Science Colleges-Madurai District
The pursuit of quality in higher education has become a pressing priority in the context of global competitiveness and rapid institutional expansion. In India, while enrolment has surged over the past two decades, concerns regarding the employability of graduates persist due to gaps in quality assurance. Total Quality Management (TQM) offers a strategic framework for fostering continuous improvement in academic delivery, administrative efficiency, and stakeholder satisfaction. This study investigates students’ perceptions of TQM practices in selected autonomous arts and science colleges Madurai district, Tamil Nadu. Employing a descriptive research design, data were collected from 397 student respondents through stratified random sampling using structured interview schedules. The selected institutions, located across urban, semi-urban, and rural settings, provide a diverse backdrop for assessing the adaptability and effectiveness of TQM in higher education. Findings are expected to contribute to policy formulation, institutional strategies, and quality enhancement initiatives within the higher education sector.
“डिजिटल मीडिया और भारतीय राजनीति: जनमत-निर्माण की समकालीन प्रवृत्तियाँ और लोकतांत्रिक विमर्श पर प्रभाव”
वर्तमान वैश्विक परिप्रेक्ष्य में भारत ने जिस गति से डिजिटल परिवर्तन को अपनाया है, वह विश्व के लिए अनुकरणीय उदाहरण बन चुका है। बीते एक दशक में, विशेषकर 2014 के बाद, भारत में डिजिटल मीडिया ने लोकतंत्र के प्रत्येक स्तंभ—विधायिका, कार्यपालिका, न्यायपालिका और नागरिक समाज—को नई दिशा प्रदान की है। पारंपरिक मीडिया के सीमित दायरे से आगे बढ़ते हुए, अब सूचना का प्रवाह, जनमत निर्माण, और राजनीतिक संवाद डिजिटल प्लेटफ़ॉर्मों के माध्यम से हो रहा है। यह परिवर्तन केवल तकनीकी क्रांति नहीं, बल्कि लोकतांत्रिक पुनर्जागरण का संकेत है।
Confronting the Other: Dilemmas and Contradictions in the Approaches to the Marginalised
How and when does the ‘Other’come into being? How is the process of othering materialized? When a person is humiliated, persecuted for treason, victimized for their sexuality, discriminated for their race or class or gender or caste, denied happiness, displaced in the name of development, raped, molested, immorally policed, thrown acid at, they immediately become conscious of their being as an object, they become the other, they embrace their shame. They become one with their immediate identity, losing all their other identities and manifold possibilities. All the freedom vanishes into thin air and they allow themselves to be objectified, defined, classified, confined, arrested literally. Their self-esteem depends on the other(‘s) esteem (the other extreme). They know themselves as the other knows them. The research paper analyses various literary, social media and everyday affairs and tries to calibrate the position of ‘the other’ in the Indian background of marginalization of Dalits, extreme nationalism and islamophobia.
समकालीन कविताओं की पृष्टभूमि ही यथार्थवादी रही है। समाज के वास्तविकताओं को लेकर चलने वाली कविता ही समकालीन कविता की श्रेणी में आती है। अपने आस-पास के परिवेश को लेकर चलना का काम ही समकालीन कविता की आधार बिन्दु है। पूर्ण रूप से आँखों देखी सच्ची तस्वीर ही इस समय की रचनाओं का आधार बिन्दु रहा है। ये रचनाएं आज के परिवेश, समय और समाज से जुड़ी हुई हैं। अपने सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनीतिक, धार्मिक आदि परिस्थितियों की कहानी का स्पष्ट प्रमाण है विसंगतियाँ आज कल की सामाजिक परिस्थितियाँ जटिल से जटिल बनती जा रही है। समाज में हर तरफ असुरक्षा, अजनबीपन, एकाकीपन, अस्तित्व पर खतरा, राजनीतिक विसंगतियाँ आदि परिवेश ने हमारे सामने एक जटिल स्थिति पैदा कर दिया है। मूल्य संकट भी भ्रष्ट परिस्थितियों के सामने एक नए रूप में, एक नए प्रश्न के साथ खड़ी हैं जो आदर्शों की दीवारों को गिरा दे रही हैं। समकालीन रचनाएँ ही इन्हीं अमानवीय अत्याचारों के खिलाफ अपनी आवाज़ को बुलंद की हुई है। आज का समाज अर्थ को ही मुख्य मानकर चलता है। समकालीन रचनाकार समाज की अनीति के साथ ही अच्छी बातों को भी जनता के सामने लाने का काम करते हैं। समकालीन रचनाकार समाज के मानवीय चेतना पैदा करने का काम करते हैं बिना किसी स्वार्थ और स्वहित के। समकालीन कविता उत्तर आधुनिक विसंगतियों, स्त्री विमर्श, दलित, आदिवासी विमर्श, आदिवासी विमर्श, राजनैतिक विमर्श, वृद्ध विमर्श, बच्चा विमर्श, परिस्थिति विमर्श, सांप्रदायिक विमर्श, मीडिया विमर्श आदि प्रवृतियों के साथ गोचर होती हैं। अनामिका की गणना समकालीन साहित्यकारों के जिस श्रेणी में किया जाता है, वह श्रेणी स्त्रीवाद की प्रमुख वाणी है, जो मीरा, महादेवी वर्मा जैसी रचनाकारों की परंपरा को पूरा करती हुई, अपने ठोस प्रमाण के साथ एक अलग दर्ज कायम करती है। अनामिका की रचनाएं धर्मदर्शन, पौराणिक नीति तथा मानव चिंतन के परिणाम स्वरुप व्यक्त हुई हैं। इनमें सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, धार्मिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा ऐतिहासिक अनेक परिस्थितियों का उद्भव होता हुआ दिखाई देता है।
Impact of Technological Transformation on Student Experience and Service Quality in Higher Education
This study investigates the impact of the ongoing technological transformation on student experience and service quality in higher education. Against the backdrop of institutions rapidly integrating digital tools like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance teaching, learning, and administrative efficiency, this research examines whether these innovations deliver equitable benefits. Conducted across South India, the study employed a quantitative descriptive design, collecting data from 350 randomly selected undergraduate and postgraduate students. The analysis revealed that a significant majority (53.7%) of students self-identify as beginners in digital proficiency, indicating a substantial readiness gap that could hinder the adoption of advanced technologies. While no significant difference was found based on gender, a stark disparity was identified between institutional types. Private institutions reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction and integration across all measured factors - LMS usability, VR engagement, and overall service quality - compared to government-aided and university institutions. The findings underscore that the potential benefits of technologies like predictive analytics and automated systems are not equitably distributed and are heavily contingent on institutional resources and agility. The study concludes that beyond mere implementation, targeted investments in digital infrastructure, comprehensive digital literacy programs, and policy reforms are essential to bridge this divide and ensure technology fulfills its promise as an enhancer of educational equity and service quality.
Fostering Collaboration Network Structures with New Technologies for Export and Economic Growth Towards the Global Market.
This study explores the crucial role of cooperation and network architectures in empowering rural companies via AI-powered platforms that link entrepreneurs with partners, investors, exporters, and customers. Utilizing cutting-edge customer relationship management and targeted marketing strategies improves customer interaction and business competitiveness. The research examines a variety of collaboration models, such as strategic alliances, business networks, and alliances, to assess how they help promote innovation and increase market access on a global scale. Data were collected using a quantitative descriptive approach, using questionnaires and document review, and analyzed using SPSS (version 16.0) with numerous correlation analyses. The study identifies key elements of successful collaboration and network design that have a big influence on the financial production and development potential of local businesses to improve global market. The report makes the case for focused policy interventions to promote sustainability and growth while tackling unique difficulties encountered by small-business manufacturers in India. The importance of technology integration and cooperative networks in boosting economic performance and export competitiveness is emphasized by these results. Policymakers and corporate executives can use the study's practical recommendations to improve their networking efforts, promote sustainable local economic growth, and extend their reach into the global market.
The Impact of Employee Engagement on Organizational Commitment in Higher Education Institutions: Implications for Organizational Development
This study investigates the relationship between employee engagement, organizational commitment, and organizational development in higher education institutions, with a focus on faculty members in the Chennai district. Using a quantitative research design and a cross-sectional survey method, data were collected from a sample of 416 faculty members across various colleges and universities. The study employs stratified random sampling and utilizes a structured questionnaire to measure the key variables. Findings reveal that employee engagement is significantly correlated with organizational commitment (r = 0.774) and organizational development (r = 0.368). Regression analysis indicates that employee engagement explains 13.6% of the variance in organizational development, and path analysis confirms that organizational commitment mediates the relationship between employee engagement and organizational development. These results underscore the importance of fostering employee engagement to enhance both commitment and development within higher education institutions. The study concludes that comprehensive engagement strategies are essential for sustained organizational growth and development.
Analyzing the Renovation of Global World Power Balance and Effect on India in Reference to the Russia-Ukraine War
Russia-Ukraine conflict, coupled with the subsequent economic sanctions imposed by the West, has profound ramifications for international strategic stability, the functioning of global governance institutions, and the delicate balance of power, particularly in the Euro-Atlantic region. The resultant turbulence arrives at a time when global economies were already struggling to stabilize prices and re-establish supply chains disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, compounding the difficulty of finding stable solutions. India, positioning itself as a major democracy and a leading voice of the Global South, faces unparalleled calculated pressure to either align with the Western liberal order or consolidate its ties within the emerging Eurasian alliance. This quandary positions an essential challenge to India’s long-standing pursuit of strategic autonomy. The present study investigates how the macro-level alteration of the global power balance, specifically catalyzed by the conflict and the resulting deepening of the Sino-Russian alignment, constrains the policy space available to India.
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) into curricula to strengthen education in its cultural and intellectual context. This integration is crucial for ensuring that students are rooted in indigenous traditions while developing global competencies. The Indian Knowledge tradition, extending from ancient times through the pre-colonial era, reflects timeless wisdom in diverse fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, metallurgy, and philosophy. Renowned scholars like Aryabhata, Varahmihira, Charaka, Susruta, Brahmagupta, Madhava and Bhaskaracharya contributed significantly to global learning, particularly in mathematics, where concepts such as zero, the decimal system, and algebraic methods originated. Education in ancient India, imparted through Gurukulas and Parishads, adopted a holistic and multidisciplinary approach that combined intellectual inquiry with moral and ethical grounding. However, colonial narratives marginalized these achievements, branding them as primitive or outdated, and current curricula continue to underrepresent them. Such neglect undermines the recognition of India’s scientific contributions and their potential relevance today. This paper argues for the urgent inclusion of ancient mathematical knowledge within formal education to promote sustainable development, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Traditional methods of calculation, as documented in ancient treatises, often provide simpler and faster solutions compared to modern techniques taught in schools. Recognizing and revitalizing these approaches under NEP 2020 is essential for creating a more balanced, inclusive, and contextually relevant education system. Ultimately, this work highlights the need to protect, conserve, and transmit indigenous mathematical wisdom as an integral part of global educational discourse.
Applying Machine Learning to Understand the Student Perceptions and Learning for the Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Approach
The flipped classroom system has attracted substantial interest from educational theorists. The concept here is to reverse the focus from lectures to active learning during class with the expectation that students will be more focused throughout the day. Students' perceptions of the flipped classroom model are examined in this article, and it also considers the relationship between the learning styles chosen by students and their performance in the flipped classroom. The study combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches in establishing whether flipped classes enhance students' learning outcomes or not. In addition, the research identifies the possibility of using Machine Learning (ML) methods to investigate student interaction and performance information so that learning difficulties may be identified early and flipped classroom activities personalized.
Condition of Women in Prison: The Rehabilitation and Reintegration
This research paper is made with the aim to understand the condition of female prisoners in India. In our country women are represented as goddess and also in ancient times women were treated differently than they have been treated today. we can see many examples in our Vedic history where women were highly respected and viewed as someone who is from higher status. But now there are many crimes happening against women. In many cases, women were also committing crimes. We can see lots of examples in today’s world where women are misusing laws and trying to escape from the eye of law. Both women and men are treated equally before law, this applies for all the prisoners also irrespective of their gender. There are certain laws which governs the women prisoners in India, at the same time, we should also not forget that many women are put into a situation to commit crime and also the inmates exploited many women prisoners. This paper identifies the problems faced by the women prisoners and the law which governs the female prisoners in India. This paper also tries to compare the position of India with other countries to suggest that India could also adopt other countries policies into our law to safeguard and to ensure women prisoners rights. the rehabilitation and reintegration of women prisoners were also discussed in this paper.
Impact of Storytelling Versus Traditional Methods in Enhancing Divergent Thinking Skills in Social Science: The Role of Student Participation and Learning Motivation among Class 7 Students
Rational: This study investigates the impact of storytelling as a pedagogical intervention in contrast to traditional teaching methods on the fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration of divergent thinking skills in social science among seventh-grade students. This study examines these effects while statistically controlling for student participation and learning motivation as covariates. Design of the study: The researchers used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group to evaluate the effectiveness of a storytelling-based approach as compared to a traditional teaching method in improving divergent thinking abilities for 78 students attending Delhi NCR area schools affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education. The students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that received instruction using the storytelling method or a control group that received instruction using the traditional method. Each of the students' divergent thinking ability scores were obtained at both the beginning and end of the instructional program. In addition to determining if there is a statistically significant difference in the amount of improvement in the divergent thinking ability between the two groups, the researchers also utilized ANCOVA and GLM statistical procedures to account for any potential differences in the level of student participation and student motivation to learn that existed between the two groups of students. Major Findings: In all four dimensions of divergent thinking assessed, the storytelling method produced a strong improvement of large effect sizes. ANCOVA showed that method of treatment was the variable affecting divergent thinking skills (after controlling for student attendance (F(1,75)=76.6, p<.001, η^2=0.505) and learning motivation (F(1,75)=53.84, p<.001, η^2=0.418). Student attendance was a significant covariate, but learning motivation did show independent significance. The effect of gender was not significant statistically. Implications of the study: Storytelling is a superior way to teach social sciences, which are beneficial for increasing creative and divergent thinking in young teenagers. The data supports developing curriculum that includes student-cantered, narrative-based content to foster 21st century skill development. Originality: This study was one of the studies conducted in India to assess how the use of storytelling affects creative and cognitive processes in social sciences classes for 7th grade students, providing strong justification for innovative curriculum development in this area and in general to increase student creative thinking beyond their ability to read.
Environmental Devastation and Degradation in Novel ‘Aranyak: of the Forest’
This paper discusses the novel Aranyak: of the forest that deals with the theme of deforestation. The research depicts the environmental devastation and degradation that causes the threat to the habitats of the forest. The novel The Upheaval illustrates environmental damage caused by the industrialization that ruins the beautiful and pristine nature as well as the innocent natives of the Goan Village. The paper opens with a lovely creative energy of thinking about our amazing space, which contains living beings other than humans. woods have been regulated by natural animals since time immemorial, and they have prospered; but, when man began to invade the woods, the ecological balance was disrupted. Bandyopadhyaya's Aranyak: of Forest is used for a thorough study. It tells the narrative of plants & trees, crops & jungle, birds & animals, creatures & peasants & tribals in all their forms: beautiful, angelic, warm, uncorrupted, and wicked, evil, uncomfortable, and corrupted. This paper provides point-by-point statistics about pixies in the backwoods. Everyone believes in the pixies and spirits that live in the forest, but only a few have had the opportunity to encounter them. The space found in the woods is mysterious to the point that, when away from human-occupied lands, everything is so vast, so profound, and thus intriguing to explore. Because these areas remain unspoiled and undeveloped, strong or demonic elements such as ghosts and pixies have made them their homes.
Exploring Hidden Desires in the Selected Works of Ruskin Bond: A Psychoanalytical Study through Jaques Lacan’s Concept of ‘Desire’
This study, “Exploring Hidden Desires in the Selected Works of Ruskin Bond: A Psychoanalytical Study through Jaques Lacan’s Concept of ‘Desire’, delves into lesser studied psychoanalytical aspect of Ruskin Bond’s characters. The study specially focuses on the presence of Jaques Lacan’s concept of desire in Bond’s short stories. This article examines how Bond’s narrative employes Lacanian concept of ‘desire’ such as suppressed desires, absence and lack of something, the form of emotional reactions that subverts reader’s expectation of just reading a simple short story to a complex reading experience. The findings highlight the relevance of Bond’s work in the context of Lacan’s psychoanalytical theory, showcasing its significance and contribution in understanding a literary canon. This study’s significance lies in its offering different angle of studying Bond’s work and its implication for literary analysis, further suggesting a nuanced understanding of his characters.
Teaching Aptitude Among Prospective Pupil Teachers from Diverse Professional Background
The study analyzed teaching aptitude of physical education pupil teachers. One hundred and thirty (130) pupil teachers pursuing Master of Physical Education (semester-4th ,n=45) Bachelor of Physical Education (2year, semester-4th,n=40) and Bachelor of Physical Education (4year integrated course,semester-8th, n=45) were selected by using random sampling technique from the teacher training institutes located in Chandigarh. Age of subjects was ranged between 21 to 27 years. Teaching Aptitude Test(TAT) was developed by Gakhar, S.C. and Dr. Rajnish (2004) was used to assess the teaching aptitude. Normality of data was verified by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk. Since the data didn’t follow a normal distribution, therefore, Kruskal–Wallis (H test) was applied. Post-hoc test was applied to see the degree and direction of differences, where ‘F’ ratio was found significant. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Findings with regard to sub-variables i.e. Interest towards students, teaching potential and current knowledge were found statistically significant. Post-hoc test revealed that Master degree pupil teachers demonstrated better on the sub-variables interest towards students, teaching potential and current knowledge, followed by Bachelor of Physical Education (2year), whereas, Bachelor of Physical Education (4year integrated course) scored relatively lower. However, insignificant differences were observed on the sub-variables i.e. Teaching profession, Social contact, Innovation regarding activity of school, Professional ethics among the groups in question. It is concluded that diverse educational background leads to positive transfer of training in the subsequent learning and facilitates the person to make easy and quick adaptation.
Cosplay, Culture, and Commerce: The Expanding Anime and Manga Market in Chennai
Anime and manga have captured the attention of audiences globally, emerging as significant influences in cultural and economic spheres. This research examines the intriguing relationship between cosplay, culture, and commercialism in Chennai's rapidly growing anime and manga community. We collected information from 250 young adults through surveys and focus group discussions, investigating their consumption behaviors, cultural adjustments, and purchasing trends through statistical analyses. The results reveal that anime and manga are more than just entertainment; they act as markers of cultural identity, shaping lifestyles, fashion choices, and consumer behavior. Cosplay emerges as a unique blend of cultural expression and commercial opportunity, linking fans to merchandise, events, and brand collaborations. The youth in Chennai are creatively adapting Japanese media to fit their local context, which is fueling a vibrant market for collectibles, clothing, conventions, and digital content. This study sheds light on how global media influences the consumer behavior of young people in emerging markets, providing valuable insights for marketers, event planners, and those in the creative industries. Further research might look into additional Indian cities to gain deeper insights into the larger commercial impacts of anime and manga.
Socio-Economic Status of Women in Imphal West District: A Case study of Naoriya Pakhang Lakpa Constituency
Socio-economic status of a woman includes the quality of life and well-being. It is a key factor for determining empowerment of women. It is an important issue in the present context of socio-economic situation in Manipur. The study area focuses in the most populated and educated among the valley district. For the present study, 200 women were randomly selected from Naoriya Pangkhanglakpa Constituency, Manipur. To study women’s participation indecision-making at household and community levels. This study examines the socio-economic conditions of women in this locality to assess their progress and challenges in achieving equality and empowerment. The present study found out that most of the women are literate up to higher secondary education and most of the women are self-independent through economic participation by earning more than Rs-10,000-15,000/- per month.
Reckoning with the Wild: Ecocritical Readings of Nature, Identity, and Border Politics in Cormac McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses
Ecocriticism, which examines the relationship between literature and the environment, provides a framework for understanding how McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses engages with ecological themes and reflects on the human-nature dynamic. This article delves into an ecocritical analysis of All the Pretty Horses, exploring the novel’s depiction of the natural landscape, its symbolic meanings, and the broader implications for understanding environmental concerns. Through a close reading of McCarthy’s vivid descriptions, character interactions with nature, and thematic concerns, this analysis highlights the novel’s contribution to ecological discourse.
Unmapping the Sacred: Dalit Resistance and Caste Violence in Sharankumar Limbale’s Hindu
Sharankumar Limbale’s novel Hindu (1994) stands as a seminal work in contemporary Dalit literature, offering a powerful critique of caste-based violence and systemic oppression in Indian society. This paper examines the various forms of Dalit resistance depicted in the novel, analyzing how Limbale’s narrative challenges hegemonic Hindu ideology while exposing the brutal realities of caste discrimination. This study argues that Hindu presents resistance not merely as reactive protest but as a multifaceted struggle encompassing educational advancement, political mobilization, religious transformation, and cultural assertion. The novel’s portrayal of the murder of Dalit activist Tatya Kamble serves as a focal point for examining how caste violence perpetuates systemic inequality while simultaneously catalyzing forms of collective resistance. By centering Dalit voices and experiences, Limbale’s work contributes to what he terms “Dalit aesthetics”—a literary framework that prioritizes authenticity, lived experience, and social transformation over traditional literary conventions. This analysis demonstrates how Hindu functions as both literary artifact and political document, challenging readers to confront the enduring realities of caste oppression while envisioning possibilities for social justice and human dignity.
Multilevel Inverters and DC–DC Converters for PV–EV Charging: A Comprehensive Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Open Challenges
There is an increasing demand for an effective, dependable and affordable power conversion systems, because of significant improvement of renewable energy (RE) and application of EV. In photovoltaic (PV) applications, Multilevel inverters (MLI) are receiving more attention. For grid-integrated and charging infrastructures, this MLI offers adaptable voltage levels, and it also have the potential in offering better energy supply, low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), so these are the reason behind its popularity. By utilizing conventional MLI topologies, high switch counts, multiple isolated DC sources, increased circuit complexity, and inefficiency of the system will exist. These challenges made conventional MLI ineffective. Many RSC and switched capacitor (SC) inverter topologies, innovative DC–DC converter designs and advanced MPPT algorithms were analyzed by the authors for the purpose of resolving those challenges. With these algorithms, compactness, efficiency and dynamic efficiencies are all improved. Despite these improvements, there are still some difficulties, they are scalability, voltage stress management, thermal issues, and control complexity. The MLI topologies and related power electronic converters used in PV and EV charging applications are thoroughly analyzed in this survey. The design trade-offs, operating principles are all highlighted in this survey. This review also analyses performance features, and assess its benefits and drawbacks. Main research gaps are identified in this review. Possible solutions like wide band gap device adoption, hybrid renewable integration, AI-driven control strategies, and smart grid compatibility are also discussed. Researchers and engineers can create scalable, efficient, and reliable inverter-converter architectures for next-generation RE and EV charging systems with the support of this survey.
Examining How E-Commerce Affects Retail Sector Strategies and Market Dynamics
This article explores the profound impact of e-commerce on the retail sector in India, focusing specifically on the opportunities and challenges it presents for established retailers. The convenience, extensive product range, and competitive pricing offered by e-commerce have led consumers to favor online shopping platforms, resulting in heightened competition and a decline in patronage of physical stores. The shift in consumer preferences towards digital shopping experiences has caused a reduction in foot traffic at brick-and-mortar locations, compelling established retailers to innovate and adapt. E-commerce facilitates the transition of customers from conventional retail to online shopping by simplifying the process of comparing products and prices. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce has necessitated significant changes in supply chains, requiring faster and more efficient logistics to meet customer expectations. However, traditional retailers can also leverage e-commerce to develop multichannel strategies that integrate online and offline channels, thereby enhancing customer experiences. Technological advancements and regulatory changes have contributed to the remarkable growth of the Indian retail industry, particularly within the organized sector. The study's findings suggest that traditional retailers who can effectively harness innovation and integration to respond to evolving market dynamics are likely to succeed in this competitive environment.
Ritual, Migration, and the Rebirth of Self: Cultural Identity and Spiritual Negotiation in Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine and Desirable Daughters
This paper explores how Bharati Mukherjee redefines cultural self-identity, spirituality, and indigenous practices in her novels Jasmine (1989) and Desirable Daughters (2002). Through her protagonists, Mukherjee examines how migration transforms not only geography but also interior life, where ritual and spirituality function as instruments of psychological renewal and moral agency. The study demonstrates that in both novels, Mukherjee’s heroines navigate displacement through the adaptation of indigenous practices into modern contexts. Their reinventions are at once personal and philosophical, articulating a diasporic theology of transformation that fuses the sacred and the secular. Drawing from postcolonial and feminist theories—especially the works of Stuart Hall, Homi K. Bhabha, and Victor Turner—this paper argues that Mukherjee’s fiction stages a redefinition of identity as a ritual of becoming, emphasizing hybridity, liminality, and the continuous negotiation between inherited and adopted spiritual forms.
Toni Morrison’s Beloved: History, Art, and Cultural Studies
Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987) stands as one of the most influential literary interventions in reimagining African American history through art and culture. Drawing on the historical account of Margaret Garner—a fugitive slave mother who killed her child to spare her from enslavement—Morrison transforms a fragment of history into a vast meditation on memory, identity, and the lingering trauma of slavery. This research paper examines Beloved through the interconnected lenses of history, art, and cultural studies, emphasizing how Morrison reconstructs the silenced narratives of the African American past into a living cultural archive. By engaging with historical material, aesthetic innovation, and theoretical perspectives from trauma and postcolonial studies, the paper argues that Beloved is both an artistic reimagining of history and a critical text in cultural studies—one that transforms collective memory into an ethical act of remembrance. The novel becomes not only a story of personal redemption but also a cultural ritual, reclaiming the African American subject from historical erasure through the creative power of language and storytelling.
QSPR Modeling of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Using Contra Harmonic Index
This study analyses Contra Harmonic Index (CHI), a graph-theoretical descriptor, in Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) modeling to predict properties of some Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) which include diclofenac, ibuprofen, celecoxib, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, etodolac and sulindac. It was found that CHI relates with molecular weight, complexity, refractivity, polarizablity and polar surface area. These results help us understand that CHI can be used as a potential topological descriptor which aids in drug design.
Addressing Job Stress and Enhancing Work–Life Balance among ASHA Workers in Karnataka: Social Work Interventions and Policy Implications
This study examines the interrelationship between job stress, well-being, and work–life balance among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in Karnataka, employing a descriptive quantitative approach. A total of 1,310 ASHAs were surveyed using a structured interview schedule across four regional zones—North, South, Central, and Coastal Karnataka. Data analysis using SPSS revealed that 76.56% of respondents faced heavy workloads, 72.14% lacked adequate resources, and 66.26% reported low or irregular financial compensation, indicating deep-rooted structural inequities. More than 58% perceived their job as negatively affecting their physical or emotional health, while 62.95% cited excessive workloads and unrealistic deadlines as the primary sources of stress. Despite these pressures, 67% reported satisfaction with their work–life balance and derived intrinsic motivation from community service. Collaborative coping strategies, supportive supervision, and community engagement were identified as key factors in building resilience. The findings underscore the need for social-work-led interventions that focus on counselling, stress management, participatory supervision, and institutional reforms, such as fixed remuneration, regulated working hours, and welfare provisions. Policy implications suggest integrating psychosocial support, family-inclusive counselling, and workload rationalisation into Karnataka’s National Health Mission framework to foster a healthier and more sustainable ASHA workforce.
Charles Dickens’ Hard Times: Displacement and Dislocation of Child Characters
Childhood has often been shadowed by adversity and misfortune, not confined to class divisions but spread across Victorian society. In Hard Times (1854), Charles Dickens dismantles the barriers of class, portraying with sensitivity the fragile psyche of children subjected to utilitarian ideals. These children become experimental 'human guinea pigs' in a philosophy that privileges material success over emotional nourishment. Deprived of imagination and affection, they endure psychological dislocation, which later aggravates their experiences of displacement and renders adaptation to the world of sentiments difficult. This paper analyses how Dickens dramatizes the displacement and dislocation of child characters—Louisa, Tom, and Sissy Jupe—and argues that psychological dislocation proves more injurious than physical displacement. Employing a qualitative approach, the study demonstrates how Dickens’ critique of Victorian utilitarianism retains striking relevance in today’s debates about education, parental ambition, and child psychology.
Bureaucratic System in the Era of New Public Administration: A Study Based on Bureaucracy in Contemporary Indian Society
Bureaucratic structure during the sixteenth century as mentioned by Max Weber contained many elements of centralization. During the period the governmental structure also centralized in character. But after the emergence of New Public Administration and New Public Service, the bureaucratic structure and functioning subjected to change. This changes drastically altered conventional type of administrative system. In the era of globalization, the license permit raj came to an end and instead its place a new administrative structure, which is citizen friendly addressing the diverse needs of the people. But majority of third world countries such as India, this has not happened. The structure of bureaucracy still remains centralized and hierarchical as what Max Weber mentioned during the 16th century. The causes may be studied and analyzed. This paper is an attempt to disclose all these things in detail.
Comparative Analysis of Global University Ranking Systems Based on Research Output: A Study
In this paper, a comparative assessment of three of the leading global university ranking tables—Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), QS World University Rankings (QS), and Times Higher Education (THE)—based on their research output indicators is presented. Based on secondary data of the top ten universities in each of these ranks, the paper reviews most significant indicators such as the number of Scopus-indexed papers, contributing authors, and provision of research databases. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests like Independent Samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare differences and similarities between ranking systems. Findings show that, despite methodological variations, the universities listed under ARWU, QS, and THE are similar in research productivity and infrastructure capabilities. The results point to differences in disciplinary emphasis and faculty involvement, consistent with varied institutional agendas consistent with ranking indicators. This analysis highlights the necessity for understanding ranking results in the context of larger scholarly and infrastructural environments. The research provides useful insights for university leaders, policymakers, and scholars by encouraging a rich appreciation of global ranking schemes and how they affect institution assessment and strategic planning. Finally, this study recommends the holistic evaluation of research distinction, challenging stakeholders to look beyond mere rank positions in the ever-growing, competitive higher education sector.
Analysis on Urban Impacts on Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary: Biodiversity, Conservation, and Eco-Tourism
Bird sanctuaries serve as critical habitats for avian biodiversity, facilitating both resident and migratory species and maintaining the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems. In India, many such sanctuaries are increasingly threatened by urban expansion. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, also known as the Pakshi Kashi of Karnataka, is situated along the Cauvery River and is one of the most significant wetlands in southern India, recognised as a Ramsar Site. This study examines the urban-induced impacts on the sanctuary’s biodiversity, habitat structure, and water systems. Recent urban development, particularly from the Mysuru region, combined with rising tourism pressures, led to increased habitat disturbance, pollution, and noise impacts. Water level fluctuations resulting from KRS Dam operations further impact breeding and foraging grounds. Field surveys, photographic documentation, and interviews with forest staff reveal a gradual decline in bird populations, fragmentation of habitat zones, and shifts in migratory behaviours. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable tourism management, integrated urban planning, and enhanced conservation measures to preserve Ranganathittu’s ecological integrity. The study helps identify immediate actions to balance human use with habitat protection, ensuring the sanctuary’s survival for future generations.
Exploring Adaptive Leadership Among School Principals: Across Context Studies of Delhi/NCR Schools
The changing education system in India has put unprecedented demands on school principals, who now have to deal with complexity, uncertainty, and changes brought about by reforms. In this context, the research titled “A Comparative Study of Adaptive Leadership Strategies for School Principals in Rural and Urban Areas of Delhi/NCR” examines the utilization of adaptive leadership methodologies by principals to tackle challenges specific to their respective environments. This study investigates the expression of leadership adaptability in rural and urban educational institutions, guided by Heifetz's (1994) theory of adaptive leadership, which underscores collaboration to tackle intricate challenges and flourish in the face of change, shaped by context, organization, and culture. The research employs a qualitative design, specifically a comparative case study methodology, featuring twelve principals selected equally from rural and urban schools in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR). We collected the data via extensive semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and direct observations. Thematic analysis was utilized to discern recurring patterns, strategies, and contextual elements influencing adaptive leadership behaviors. To uphold the research's validity and scholarly integrity, ethical standards including confidentiality, informed consent, and data triangulation were strictly followed. The results show that adaptive leadership depends on the situation and can't be used the same way in all schools. Principals in cities used more strategic and cooperative ways to deal with problems in their schools. They did this by coming up with new ideas, using digital tools, and having leaders spread out. Their leadership styles put a lot of focus on giving teams more power, following the rules, and being able to quickly adapt to changes like the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. On the other hand, rural principals used flexible strategies like getting involved in the community, making things up as they went along, and being a moral leader. They depended a lot on trust between people, emotional intelligence, and cultural alignment to help institutions grow because the infrastructure was bad and there were problems with the economy and society. Principals in rural and urban areas were different, but they all had some of the same adaptive traits, such as being able to bounce back, think about their actions, understand others, and want to learn more. These traits helped them deal with uncertainty and keep the quality of education high. The research indicates that adaptive leadership among school principals operates as a fluid process rather than a static framework. The comparative analysis highlights that effective leadership in Indian schools relies not solely on professional expertise but also on the ability to assess the environment, engage stakeholders, and align practices with contextual realities. This study clarifies educational leadership in India by contextualizing it within its socio-cultural and policy-driven framework. This means that educational boards, training centers, and policymakers need to include adaptive leadership skills in programs that are meant to help principals grow. In the end, the results support a model of leadership training that is open to everyone and can be changed to fit different situations. This model should help school leaders make changes that work in schools in both cities and rural areas. Objective To investigate the characteristics and implementation of adaptive leadership strategies employed by school principals in rural and urban regions of Delhi/NCR. To analyze the distinctions and commonalities in the responses of rural and urban principals to institutional, socio-cultural, and policy-related challenges through adaptive leadership practices. 3. To assess the influence of contextual factors—such as resource availability, community engagement, and organizational structure—on the efficacy of adaptive leadership in fostering school improvement and innovation Introduction Education has always shown how social, cultural, and economic factors can affect a country's growth. In the 21st century, schools in India have changed more than they ever have before. This is because of changes in policy, globalization, and how quickly people pick up new technologies. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has changed how we think about school by promoting fairness, inclusion, and a variety of learning outcomes. In the past, school principals were in charge of running the school every day. Now, they have to be both strategic and flexible in their leadership. Principals are now in charge of learning communities that are always changing, coming up with new ideas, and solving hard problems that affect the whole system. This changing way of thinking shows how important it is to understand the different parts of adaptive leadership and how they work in different types of schools, such as those in Delhi/NCR that are in the city and the country. The school system in Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR) is very different from those in other places. In cities, there are both public and private schools where students can get the money, technology, and training they need for their careers. On the other hand, schools in rural and semi-urban areas on the edges of the NCR often have problems with bad infrastructure, not enough teachers, and low incomes. These differences affect how school principals make decisions and lead. In this case, adaptive leadership goes from being a good quality to being a skill that every school needs to have in order to run smoothly. The efficacy of educational outcomes and institutional achievement is contingent upon principals' capacity to modify their strategies, involve stakeholders, and formulate innovative solutions to environmental challenges (Heifetz, 1994; Heifetz & Linsky, 2002). Studies in educational leadership increasingly acknowledge adaptability as an essential element of effective school administration (Leithwood & Sun, 2018; Glover et al., 2021). A significant portion of this research is derived from Western contexts, resulting in a deficiency of comprehension regarding the functioning of adaptive leadership within the ocio-cultural frameworks of Indian schools. In India, leadership is very school-specific because each school has its own way of doing things, its own resources, and its own level of community involvement. A principal in a city could show adaptive leadership by using new technology and helping teachers do their jobs better. A rural principal might show adaptability by getting involved in the community, finding new ways to use resources, and solving social problems. We need to know about these differences in context in order to create good leadership development frameworks for the different types of schools in India. There are a lot of different people and schools in the Delhi/NCR area, so this comparison is very important. It has some of the best schools in the country, but it also has schools that don't have enough money and are always having problems. This comparison shows us how different school principals in cities and towns use and understand the different parts of adaptive leadership. The region's work on improving schools, training teachers, and using technology in schools makes it a great place to learn about leadership and how to make changes last in different situations. Examining leadership within this framework yields comparative insights and enhances comprehension of the influence of context on leadership behaviors and outcomes. There is an increasing body of international research on adaptive leadership; however, studies examining this framework within the educational context in India are limited. Most Indian studies have concentrated on transformational or instructional leadership, often placing excessive emphasis on output-based metrics while overlooking the essential processes of adaptation and learning (Balyer, 2012; Singh, 2020). This is why it's so important to find out how Indian school principals view and use adaptive leadership in their schools. A qualitative study allows for the documentation of principals' actual experiences, enhancing our understanding of their perceptions regarding challenges, decision-making processes, and stakeholder engagement during times of change. This study clarifies that leadership is not characterized by fixed traits or roles, but is rather a dynamic concept shaped by its context. This research seeks to analyze the facets of adaptive leadership among school principals in both rural and urban institutions in Delhi/NCR. It seeks to ascertain principals' perceptions of adaptive challenges, the strategies they utilize to engage stakeholders, and the impact of contextual factors—such as resource availability, socio-economic status, and institutional culture—on their leadership responses. The study utilizes a qualitative methodology to clarify the complex dynamics of leadership, focusing on individuals' understanding, interpretation, and interactions with one another. This study enhances our comprehension of educational leadership as contextually grounded and flexible. This study holds significance beyond mere academic discourse. The results can help Indian school leaders improve their professional development and leadership training programs. The findings of this study can assist policymakers and school boards in developing programs that enhance principals' flexibility, promote reflective practice, and foster innovation. The research enhances the theoretical framework of adaptive leadership by contextualizing it within the Indian socio-cultural and educational landscape, thereby broadening its global relevance. Ultimately, analyzing adaptive leadership through the real-life experiences of Delhi/NCR principals clarifies how leaders manage change and convert it into a catalyst for growth, learning, and institutional resilience.
Reimagining the Royal Woman in M. K. Binodini Devi’s The Princess and the Political Agent
This paper explores M.K. Binodini Devi’s The Princess and the Political Agent (1997; trans. 2020) as a nuanced reimagining of female subjectivity and agency within the intersecting contexts of Manipuri royal life and colonial history. As one of Manipur’s pioneering feminist voices, Binodini revisits the silenced narratives of royal women, uncovering how they negotiated identity, emotion, and authority amid the pressures of patriarchy and imperial rule. Through the character of Princess Sanatombi based on a real historical figure, Binodini dismantles the binaries of duty and desire, tradition and transgression, and emotion and power. Anchored in feminist and postcolonial literary frameworks, this study interprets Binodini’s text as both a critique of gendered silencing and reclamation of the female interior voice. By situating the novel within the socio-historical transformations of late nineteenth-century Manipur, the paper highlights how women’s affective lives become political sites of resistance.
Harnessing the Power of Crowdsourcing in Higher Education: Insights from a Comprehensive Survey
This research paper explores whether crowdsourcing is actually useful as a teaching tool in higher education. The study looks at how it changes the way educators and students gain knowledge, along with the good things and problems that come with using it in current educational systems. By carefully reviewing survey information from students and teachers in different subjects, this research shows that crowdsourcing can improve learning together and make students more interested. The research discovered that most people understand crowdsourcing can potentially make learning better, but they are still worried about keeping the quality high and feel that the institutions need to provide support. Furthermore, by emphasizing the importance of working together to create knowledge, this study adds to the wider discussion about new teaching methods, encouraging colleges and universities to view crowdsourcing as a practical way to improve their programs and help students to improve their performances.
Dependent Origination and Artificial Intelligence: Rethinking Causality in Complex Systems
Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents one of the most complex technological achievements of the modern era. Its functioning and evolution, however, cannot be adequately explained by simplistic linear models of causation. Instead, AI systems emerge, adapt, and operate within vast webs of interdependent conditions technical, social, cultural, and ecological. This paper explores the Buddhist concept of Pratītyasamutpāda (Dependent Origination) as a conceptual framework to rethink causality in AI systems. By drawing parallels between Buddhist philosophy and contemporary complexity science, the study illustrates how AI emerges not as an isolated artifact but as the contingent outcome of multiple relational processes. The analysis redefines agency, ethics, and responsibility in AI, offering a non-linear, interdependent account of causality that challenges both deterministic and reductionist paradigms.
An Integrated Comparative Study of Digital Citizenship Frameworks
An assessment of both contemporary policy texts and academic literature demonstrates that digital citizenship is a complicated and somewhat fragmented topic with multiple perspectives co-existing. The research paper compares, analyses and summarises the competencies covered by existing frameworks for digital citizenship. The research paper also aims to identify the gaps exhibited in existing framework. Additionally, the absence of global agreement and standards complicates matters for governments and other organization, particularly in underdeveloped nations, to plan and implement comparative and cost-effective projects .The paper examines various frameworks that seem to be particularly well suited to the study of Digital Citizenship. These competency frameworks, should not be used as self-sustaining tools but as part of a holistic approach that act as a yardstick, permitting them to be customised to the socio-cultural setting in which they are used. In this context, the study makes certain recommendations.