About Anusandhanvallari Anusandhanvallari Journal is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary research journal, dedicated to promoting scholarly research and academic inquiry in the fields of Indian knowledge systems, philosophy, literature, science, and allied disciplines. Rooted in the vision of preserving and advancing India’s intellectual heritage, the journal serves as a platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners to share original contributions that bridge tradition and innovation. Anusandhanvallari embodies our commitment to fostering critical thought, academic excellence, and interdisciplinary dialogue. The journal welcomes submissions in English, Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian languages, encouraging inclusivity and cultural depth. Our mission is to support the growth of a vibrant research community that values authenticity, depth, and rigor. Through Anusandhanvallari, we aim to inspire meaningful scholarship that contributes to national and global understanding. Learn More -> Indian Literature and Linguistics Scholarly work on classical and modern Indian literature, including analysis of texts in Sanskrit, Hindi, and regional languages, along with studies on Indian linguistics, language evolution, and literary traditions. Cultural Studies and History Research on India’s diverse cultural heritage, traditions, rituals, art forms, festivals, and historical narratives, with an emphasis on understanding their relevance in modern society. Interdisciplinary Studies Articles that explore the intersection of traditional Indian knowledge and modern academic disciplines, such as the integration of ancient wisdom with current technological, environmental, and social challenges. Health and Well-being Research on traditional Indian medical systems such as Ayurveda, Yoga, and naturopathy, and their role in modern healthcare and well-being. Objective of Anusandhanvallari Focus on what makes you different Promote Scholarly Research Promote scholarly research in Indian philosophy, science, literature, culture, and related disciplines. Encourage Critical Analysis Encourage critical analysis of classical texts and traditional knowledge in the context of contemporary academic discourse. Support Interdisciplinary Studies Support interdisciplinary studies that bridge ancient wisdom and modern knowledge systems. Facilitate Multilingual Scholarship Facilitate multilingual scholarship, especially in Indian languages such as Sanskrit, Hindi, and regional languages, alongside English. Strengthen Academic Engagement Strengthen academic engagement with India’s intellectual traditions, contributing to both national development and global understanding. Provide a Platform Provide a platform for researchers and academicians to publish original, peer-reviewed work across disciplines such as philosophy, linguistics, Ayurveda, science, arts, and cultural studies.
A Review of Strategic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems in E-Commerce: National and International Perspectives on Customer Loyalty
Strategic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in e-commerce integrates advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and automation to enhance personalization, customer engagement, and loyalty. The literature reveals that strategic CRM transcends operational functions by aligning customer data with long-term business objectives, fostering trust, satisfaction, and brand attachment. E-commerce leaders like Amazon, Alibaba, and Flipkart employ CRM for real-time interaction, segmentation, and personalized marketing to achieve sustained consumer relationships. Despite its benefits, challenges such as data privacy, integration issues, and technological readiness persist, especially in emerging markets like India. This review highlights the transformative impact of strategic CRM in strengthening customer loyalty within both domestic and international contexts, emphasizing the role of AI-driven insights in the evolving digital marketplace.
AI and IoT and Smart Sensor for Automated Plant Health Monitoring
Precision agriculture increasingly relies on integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, and networks of smart sensors to enable continuous, automated plant-health monitoring. This paper examines the technological convergence that enables early detection of biotic and abiotic stressors, real-time decision support, and resource-efficient interventions. We synthesize sensor modalities (visible/NIR imaging, multispectral/hyperspectral cameras, chlorophyll fluorescence, soil moisture, temperature, relative humidity, gas analyzers for volatile organic compounds), on-node edge processing, and communication layers (LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, BLE, Wi-Fi) with AI methods spanning lightweight convolutional neural networks, transformer variants for remote sensing, time-series models for microclimate and soil data, and anomaly-detection frameworks for longitudinal plant health signatures. The discussion foregrounds practical deployment challenges — sensor calibration and drift, energy autonomy, data heterogeneity, network reliability in vegetated environments, domain shift across cultivars and phenological stages, and data governance including privacy and ownership — and examines mitigation strategies such as federated learning, domain adaptation, edge-cloud partitioning, and energy-aware scheduling. We conclude with a recommended systems architecture, an evaluation framework for field validation (accuracy, latency, false alarm cost, economic return), and a research roadmap that prioritizes robust multimodal fusion, scalable edge AI, and socio-technical adoption pathways for smallholder contexts. The paper aims to provide an actionable foundation for researchers and practitioners designing automated plant-health monitoring systems that are accurate, resilient, and economically viable.
Entwined Identities: Caste, Sexuality and Femininity in Modern English Novels
For several years, literature has been a perceptive window into the intricacies of human identity, particularly in cultures with strong social stratification. Writers from marginalized communities in modern India have broadened this mirror, illuminating lives molded by the concurrent demands of gender, sexuality, and caste. Their experiences shed light on the systemic injustices that still shape social experience in addition to sharing personal tales. Based on this idea, this essay explores the intersections of gender, caste, and queer identities in a selection of works by Urmila Pawar, Baby Kamble, Meena Kandasamy, and Sachin Kundalkar, who represent a variety of voices in English literature from the twenty-first century. The study investigates how these authors portray the complex systems of discrimination and belonging that influence people's lives in modern India using the intersectionality framework. Meena Kandasamy and Sachin Kundalkar illustrate how sexuality and social hierarchy interact to question accepted ideas of identity and morality, while Urmila Pawar and Baby Kamble show how caste and patriarchy work together to suppress Dalit women. The paper examines how narrative voice, language, and emotion become tools of self-expression and resistance, drawing on Dalit feminist and queer theoretical views. It makes the case that these works turn literature into a forum for discussion and protest, where marginalized voices are heard with strength and dignity. The study concludes by confirming that intersectionality, when rooted in the Indian culture, offers fresh perspectives on literature as a reflection of both adversity and resiliency.
Journey from Isolation to Realization of Self Knowledge in Margaret Laurence’s A Jest of God
The article aims to provide alternative solutions and ideas for better understanding and appreciation of Native Canadian literature. It argues for a comprehensive approach, including engagement with Indigenous scholars and cultural specialists, to deepen the interpretative process. Furthermore, the study seeks to promote cross-cultural conversation, respect for Indigenous storytelling traditions, and recognition of the variety of Indigenous experiences. It hopes to contribute to a deeper understanding of Indigenous literature, culture, and identity, therefore meeting the fundamental goal of the research. Margaret Laurence’s Manawaka novels primarily explore themes of loneliness, isolation, assimilation, alienation, and identity. This study aims to demonstrate the psychological and emotional path of an alienated protagonist. They experience feelings of alienation from their surroundings, as well as loneliness and isolation. Finally, Margaret Lawrence’s protagonists achieve personal and societal integration. They triumph over their sufferings.
An Analysis of Adaptability in Select Novels of Chinua Achibe
Adaptability is a key and complex issue throughout Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Arrow of God, No Longer at Ease and A Man of the People. It is examined through the hardships of numerous people, Igbo society’s reaction to colonialism and Achebe’s unique use of language to create an authentic African voice. The present article investigates how different people and civilizations thrive or fail to adapt to a changing world, with catastrophic implications for those who refuse or are unable to develop.
Temporal Dislocation and the Poetics of Memory: A Phenomenological Reading of Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day
This study examines the issue of temporal dislocation in Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day (1980) via the phenomenological lens of memory. A lot of research has focused on issues like family alienation, Partition trauma, and postcolonial identity. This study is different because it looks at how Desai builds a poetic structure of memory that goes beyond chronological time. The paper looks at how memory affects Bim’s reality and identity through the lens of phenomenological philosophy, especially the work of Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. This article makes the case that Clear Light of Day stages memory not just as a way to remember the past, but as an existential space that shapes consciousness and meaning. It does this by closely analysing the text and critically engaging with existing scholarship.
Theme of Freedom and Social Discrimination and Fantasy in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
Twain is an American author. He has frequently mimicked British literary styles. Twain has switched the emphasis to the distinct American style of communicating and experiencing life, so as to establish a new literary tradition that has been more authentic and approachable to Americans. He has elevated the common people’s language to an art form, adding colloquialisms, regional dialects and even sounds that are not conventional words. His use of the earthy, vernacular kind of writing imbue his work with remarkable fire and directness. The present study will analyze the better understanding of struggles, adventures, conflicts, struggles and adventure seeking identities
“Depiction Of Social Morality and Family Dynamics in the Plays of Arthur Miller”
This paper investigates the interrelated themes of social morality and family dynamics in Arthur Miller‟s plays. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate what Miller wants to impress upon our minds through his plays, that a man should subordinate his personal interests and even the interest of his family to the interests of society at large. In his plays, Miller shows his deep concern with social issues. Arthur Miller has focused upon a single subject, “the struggle of the individual attempting to gain his „rightful‟ position in his society” and his family. In simple words, his dramas deal with man‟s relationship with society and family. He has brought back into the theatre the drama of social questions. Each of his four chief plays is built on a family situation. “All My Sons” and “Death of a Salesman” on the father - son conflict. “The Crucible” and “A View from the Bridge” on the triangle of sex. Dealing with some vital family problems, they criticize or comment upon the structure of society. So they must be considered as conventional social plays. His plays are obviously family concerned. But his heroes are more than failed husband and fathers because he has recognized that the most impressive family plays, from Oedipus through Hamlet to Ghosts, have modified the concept of the family and of the individual under the pressure of society. Each of his heroes is involved in one way or another in a struggle that results from his acceptance or rejection of an image that is the product of his society‟s values and prejudices. Miller‟s plays masterfully depict social morality and family dynamics as intertwined forces shaping human tragedy, critiquing the erosion of ethical responsibility under conformity. Miller‟s plays explore the emotional and social impact of family dynamics on individuals and their choices. His greatest works like “Death of a Salesman” and “All My Sons”, predominantly explore American theme and themes they also resonate with universal human experiences, focusing on family dynamics and societal expectations.
“Split Selves and Shared Spaces: The Identity Quest in The Namesake”
The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri tells the moving story of Gogol Ganguli, the son of Bengali immigrants born in America, as he struggles with the intricacies of bicultural identity. Amidst generational strife, cultural estrangement, and diasporic yearning, the book explores the complex development of his identity. This paper examines how Lahiri employs Gogol’s conflicted relationship with his name to symbolise broader diasporic tensions, supported by a critical framework that includes diaspora theory, postcolonial studies, and identity formation.
Socio-Political Realism and the Ethics of Care in the Fiction of Rohinton Mistry
Rohinton Mistry, an exceptional writer, is also a prominent member of the Indian diaspora. He has earned worldwide acclaim. His art addresses Indian sensibility. His reality and straightforward manner are constantly admired. Literature of the Indian Diaspora is a prominent subset of Indian English literature that grows in importance. Understanding the origins of Indian diaspora is crucial for understanding diasporic literature in general. The postcolonial and intellectual diaspora has its own representative writer in North America, like Rohinton Mistry.Rohinton Mistry’s Family Matters expertly navigates many layers of Parsi family life as well as the larger difficulties of contemporary Indian culture. The novel provides a complex and multidimensional reading experience by delving deeply into family relationships, ageing and senility, religion and faith, class and social conflict, Mumbai as a character, secularism and tolerance and mortality and legacy. Mistry’s storytelling explores the complexities of human existence while also reflecting on the problems and opportunities of modern living. The present study will analyze Parsi community, family relationships, religion and faith, class and social conflict.
Luxury Corroding Nothingness Manjula Padmanabhan’s Harvest.
This article investigates the issues of identity politics and dehumanization in Manjula Padmanabhan’s Harvest (1997). The drama investigates the sociological and political consequences of identity, while also recognizing the transforming effects of late capitalism on physical landscapes. The drama investigates the conflict between personal desire, economic inequality, society expectations and the commodity of human life. Padmanabhan discusses the intersections of global capitalism. This paper contends that the play Harvest reveals the ideology of current capitalism by presenting pre-constituted people whose roles in society are preset. By investigating the dynamics of social identity, the study situates analysis within the politics of space in connection to power relations that reconstruct dominant hierarchical organization and its implications for subordinate governance.
Patterns of Library ICT Usage and Student Satisfaction: A Comparative Study of Arts and Science College of Madurai
This research focuses on the library ICT resources and their implementation among students in arts and science colleges in Madurai. The use of ICT in libraries has affected most of the conventional library services bringing about improvement in delivery of information and learning resources. The study’s objectives in this research include assessing the level of ICT adoption by students and patterns of use, the problems that are encountered, and how the situation could be enhanced in order to offer optimal ICT services in the library setting. Suring the research a random-sampling technique was used alongside Survey data that is quantitative in nature, the study used interview data that is qualitative in nature. The target population was made up of students in selected arts and science colleges in Madurai. Research data indicates that apart from the fact that a large number of students portrayed frequent users of ICT apparatus afforded by libraries, there are disparities, which exist between arts and science students in utilization frequencies of the mentioned ICT tools. The widely adopted ICT tools include digital libraries and database, and library management systems. However, issues like; Infrastructure, Training, Awareness emerged as the main barriers to the optimal use of e-Learning. The findings imply higher investment in the equipment’s, training and sensitization processes in order to exploit the potentials of ICT in library. Some of the studies can offer qualitative data on ICT use in a particular context, although this study aims to complement the existing literature by presenting quantitative findings on the subject in a particular region.
AI-Driven Strategies: Revolutionizing Marketing Decision-making in Indian Companies
The study aims to bring out the new use of artificial intelligence (AI) in making strategic marketing decisions in Indian companies. Whereas AI has changed the way Relationship Management and advertising works in other areas, companies from India have difficulties in acquiring the necessary platform capabilities to facilitate that innovation. This research is distinct in that it looks critically into the present use of AI, its effect on the business, effect on customer engagement, and where there are recommendations on how to efficiently use AI in marketing strategies. The descriptive analysis depicts the research drawing from secondary sources like company reports, case studies, and marketing databases with qualitative technique analysis issuing tools such as NVivo and SPSS. The study suggests India’s marketing strategy can enhance AI integration to address agricultural productivity issues and improve overall business strategy.
Social Media Influence on Online Shopping of Durables: The Mediating Effect of Brand and Trust on Purchase Decision
This paper assesses the impact that social media marketing makes on brand association, customer confidence, as well as purchase intention in the market of consumer durable goods. The aim is to grasp how marketers should design engagement strategies targeting online consumers. Purposive sampling was employed to gather information from 145 social media users who had used social media for buying consumer durables in the last one year. The study’s results suggest that marketing activities on social media greatly boosts brand association and trust which, in turn, leads to stronger purchase intentions and actual buying behavior. The study details how brand perception and credibility mediate consumers’ decisions. The strategic implication is that brands need to improve their efforts in social media marketing to build trust with engagement, hence increase conversion rates. This is a unique contribution because it fills a gap identified in the reviewed literature, specifically the association of social media brand association, trust, as well as consumptions of durable goods in the online marketplace.
भारतीय ज्ञान-परम्परा में शुक्रनीति का योगदान
भारतीय ज्ञान-परम्परा हमारे प्राचीन आचार्यों द्वारा रोपित वह वृक्ष है जिसकी शाखाएँ वेद, वेदांग, उपनिषद्, पुराण, इतिहास, स्मृतिग्रन्थ, नीतिग्रन्थ के रूप में पुष्पित व पल्लवित हो रही हैं। इसी बौद्धिक और दार्शनिक परम्परा में शुक्राचार्य प्रणीत शुक्रनीति का महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान है। अन्य सभी शास्त्र व्यावहारिक जगत् के किसी एक भाग का वर्णन करते हैं, किन्तु सार्वजनिक हित एवं सामाजिक सुरक्षा का बन्धकत्व यह नीतिशास्त्र ही देता है। क्योंकि धर्म, अर्थ, काम और मोक्षरूप पुरुषार्थ चतुष्टय का यह साधक है। इसका ज्ञान प्राप्त करने वाला शासक लोकप्रियता प्राप्त करता है। शुक्रनीति राज्य-संचालन या राजनीति के अतिरिक्त समाज, अर्थव्यवस्था, न्याय-व्यवस्था, दण्ड-विधान, कर-प्रणाली, कूटनीति, शिक्षा, नारी-सम्मान, श्रम और दासप्रथा जैसे विविध पक्षों को समग्र दृष्टि से प्रस्तुत करने वाली रचना है। इसमें राज्य को एक नैतिक संस्था के रूप में देखा गया है, जहाँ शासक का कर्तव्य प्रजा के कल्याण, न्याय और सुरक्षा से जुड़ा है। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र भारतीय ज्ञान-परम्परा के व्यापक सन्दर्भ में शुक्रनीति के नीतिगत आधारों का विश्लेषण करता है। साथ ही यह स्पष्ट करता है कि इस ग्रन्थ में वर्णित शासन-सिद्धान्त, कूटनीतिक व्यवहार, कर-नीति और सामाजिक न्याय की अवधारणाएँ आधुनिक राज्यशास्त्र और प्रशासनिक चिन्तन से भी संवाद स्थापित करती हैं। समकालीन वैश्विक परिप्रेक्ष्य में, जहाँ सुशासन, नैतिक राजनीति और सामाजिक समावेशन की आवश्यकता बढ़ रही है, ऐसे में शुक्रनीति की शिक्षाएँ आज भी प्रासंगिक और मार्गदर्शक सिद्ध होती हैं।
The Media Manipulation in Chetan Bhagat’s The Three Mistakes Of My Life
Chetan Bhagat is a contemporary writer. He is an entertaining social novelist from India. His writings concern about the civic responsibilities. He highlights the social issues in non- provocative narration. Here, this article explores the pervasive social problem called ‘media manipulation and hegemony’ in the novel The Three Mistakes of My Life. How the media moulds a society is represented here and the deception and domination of the media is scrutinized. The character ‘Ishaan’ is seen as focal that the exploration of socio-cultural milieu regarding the impact of the media is to be done. Through his life journey which is talked by the first person narrator Govind who is friend of Ishaan, this generation’s deviation and decline from practical life is explained well and the media maniac society is portrayed precisely. The novel pasteurizes the dependant nature called extreme passion or fanaticism on the media and sports degrading the citizens. The influence of media over the society is assessed through the qualitative research methodology to screen the lurking obstacle and how it manipulates the social constituent.
The Role of Social Media Marketing in Modern Film Promotion: An AIDA and Two-Step Flow Approach
Media is one of the major economic incomes and one of the largest consumption categories. While the media is still flourishing, the need for innovation in films increases. This lack creates a disinterest and hence, films need to be marketed after being produced. Unlike the older times where social media platforms were incompetent and film promotions were handled through radio and television, the new era brings in effective social media for promotion. Public Relations uses social media wisely and hence attracts a larger audience to promote the feature films. Without social media's role, opinion leaders or influencers are scarce which leads to a smaller number of advertisements. The optimistic side of social media is that anyone has access to become an opinion leader hence, the existence of a legion of influencers makes promotions easily possible through their social networks. AIDA Model theory in marketing recognises how a specific production gets attention, then gains interest which gives a desire to be put in action to consume a production. Through the AIDA Model theory developed by E. St. Elmo Lewis, the engagement and attention of the audience towards cinema through various marketing techniques of social media are deconstructed. The Two-Step Flow theory of communication reiterates that information cannot be passed on to someone at ease without opinion leaders and that it needs opinion leaders as influencers to reach the audience. Through the Two-Step Flow theory of communication by Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz, the significant opinion leaders for Public Relations and promotions are analysed. The several ways used in marketing and promoting a film are analysed in this research. The viewpoint of the audience which determines the future of the cinema industry and its marketing is evaluated through the research. This study is also able to find out how much more social media can be used efficiently in the future.
Mapping the Knowledge Landscape of Informal Manufacturing: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda for Assam's Overlooked Sector
The informal manufacturing sector represents a critical yet understudied component of regional economies in developing countries. This systematic literature review examines the global knowledge base on informal manufacturing to identify research gaps specific to Assam, India's northeastern state. Through a PRISMA guided analysis of 46 studies from 2016-2024, we reveal a striking contradiction while informal manufacturing constitutes a significant portion of economic activity in developing regions, Assam-specific research continues to be negligible. This paper contributes to the literature by synthesizing global patterns in informal manufacturing research, developing a theoretical framework for understanding regional variations in informal manufacturing dynamics, and proposing a comprehensive research agenda for Assam's informal manufacturing sector. Our findings reveal that informal manufacturing is driven by complex interactions between institutional factors, socioeconomic conditions, and technological capabilities, yet these dynamics remain unexplored, leading us to outline priority research areas and methodological approaches needed to address this critical knowledge gap.
Downstream Consequences of Large Dam project: Environmental Degradation and Social Vulnerability in the downstream of Mapithel Dam, Thoubal River, Manipur
Large dam projects in India are commonly evaluated through upstream displacement and infrastructural benefits, while the downstream impacts remain poorly documented. This study examines the environmental, livelihood and health consequences experienced by downstream communities of the Mapithel Dam on the Thoubal River, Manipur. Primary data were collected from 200 respondents across 20 downstream villages using structured field surveys. The findings indicate a marked deterioration in river water quality following dam construction, characterised by increased turbidity, stagnation, odour and reduced natural flow. These changes have significantly altered patterns of river water utilization with sharp declines in drinking, cooking, and bathing, alongside reduced agricultural productivity. Many households reported moderate to severe declines in crop yield. Health impacts, including skin infections and sanitation related illnesses particularly among women were reported. Despite physical accessibility to the river, declining water quality has fundamentally reshaped everyday practices and livelihood security. The study highlights a critical governance gap in dam impact assessments, where downstream effects are excluded from social and environmental monitoring. By highlighting lived experiences and empirical evidence, this paper argues for basin wide impact assessments and inclusive water governance that recognises downstream communities as integral stakeholders in sustainable development planning.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Enhancing Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Evidence from IT Professionals
This study investigates the influence of emotional intelligence (EI) on job satisfaction, work engagement, reward system perceptions, and organizational commitment among IT professionals in Bangalore. A descriptive and analytical research design was employed, with data collected from 250 employees across five major IT companies: Wipro, Infosys, TCS, HCL, and Accenture. Constructs were measured using validated scales adapted for the Indian IT context, with responses recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics indicated high levels of EI, work engagement, and organizational commitment, while job satisfaction and reward system perceptions were moderately high. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships among EI, job satisfaction, work engagement, and organizational commitment. Multiple regression analysis showed that EI was the strongest predictor of organizational commitment, followed by work engagement, job satisfaction, and reward system. The findings underscore the pivotal role of EI in fostering employee loyalty, satisfaction, and productivity in IT organizations, highlighting the importance of EI development programs for enhancing workforce effectiveness and retention.
“Public Sector Banks as Agents of Rural Transformation: An Empirical Investigation into CSR and Socio-Economic”
This empirical investigation examines the role of Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in catalyzing rural transformation in India, with a specific focus on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and key socio-economic indicators within Karnataka. Rural India’s development continues to hinge on inclusive financial intermediation and effective deployment of socio-economic interventions; PSBs have been central to this process through financial inclusion, targeted credit, and CSR programs aimed at employment creation, education, infrastructure, and livelihood enhancement. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzes primary survey data (n = 50 rural households across three districts of Karnataka) and secondary government data on banking penetration, credit disbursement, and rural socio-economic indicators. Findings reveal a significant correlation between PSB presence, CSR-linked development initiatives, and improvements in rural welfare outcomes including income levels, asset ownership, women’s financial participation, and access to formal credit. CSR activities by PSBs such as micro-enterprise support, financial literacy drives, and infrastructure investments emerge as influential but uneven across regions. Statistical analysis demonstrates positive trends in financial inclusion metrics, while qualitative insights underscore gaps in outreach and impact measurement. Key recommendations include enhancing CSR alignment with local needs, bolstering PSBs’ operational capacity in underserved areas, and integrating rural socio-economic data analytics into CSR planning. By contextualizing PSBs’ contributions within Karnataka’s rural development paradigm, the study contributes to policy discourses on financial inclusivity and sustainable rural transformation.
Analysis of the Theory of Statistical Estimation
The theory of statistical estimation is a central pillar of modern statistics, providing the conceptual and mathematical foundation for drawing conclusions about populations based on sample data. Its primary objective is to infer unknown parameters—such as means, variances, or proportions—using finite and often noisy observations. Because real-world data are inherently variable, statistical estimation offers a principled way to quantify uncertainty and assess the reliability of conclusions. Over the last century, the field has matured through the development of competing philosophies, optimality criteria, and practical estimation techniques that continue to play essential roles in science, economics, engineering, and machine learning. A fundamental distinction in the theory of estimation lies between point estimation and interval estimation. Point estimation focuses on providing a single “best guess” for an unknown parameter. Examples include the sample mean for estimating a population mean or the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) for a parameter defined through a probability model. Interval estimation, by contrast, recognizes that any estimate derived from a sample is uncertain and therefore seeks to construct a range—such as a confidence interval or credible interval—within which the parameter is likely to lie. While point estimators provide simplicity and convenience, interval estimators offer a more robust understanding of uncertainty, making them indispensable in scientific reporting. Central to evaluating the quality of an estimator are several optimality criteria, most notably bias, variance, and mean squared error (MSE). An estimator is unbiased if its expected value equals the true parameter; however, unbiasedness alone does not guarantee practical usefulness.
India Post Payments Bank and Financial Inclusion in Rural Karnataka: A Demographic Study of Belagavi District of Karnataka
Financial inclusion is a key component of inclusive economic development in India, particularly in rural and semi-urban regions where access to formal banking remains limited. India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) was established with the objective of extending basic banking services by utilizing the extensive postal network across the country. The present study examines the role of India Post Payments Bank in promoting financial inclusion in the rural areas of Belagavi District of Karnataka, with special emphasis on demographic factors influencing service usage. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 200 IPPB customers. Descriptive analysis and chi-square tests were applied to assess the relationship between demographic variables such as gender, age, and educational qualification and selected dimensions of IPPB usage, including frequency of use, service preference, satisfaction level, and perceived difficulty in accessing digital services. The analysis reveals that demographic factors significantly influence the frequency of usage of IPPB services, while variations in satisfaction and service preference are comparatively limited. The findings indicate that India Post Payments Bank has contributed positively to improving access to banking services in rural areas. However, challenges related to digital literacy and regular usage remain, particularly among older and less-educated users. The study suggests that focused awareness programmes and user-oriented support mechanisms can further strengthen IPPB’s role in advancing financial inclusion in rural Karnataka.
A Study on Relationship between Resilience and Life Satisfaction among Adults
The present study aimed to examine the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction among employed men and women. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 156 working individuals (76 men and 80 women) from different occupational sectors in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Resilience and life satisfaction were measured using the Brief Resilience Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale, respectively. Statistical analyses, including correlation, regression, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA, were conducted using SPSS version 25. The findings revealed a significant positive association between resilience and life satisfaction among working adults. Regression results indicated that resilience accounted for 45.3% of the variance in life satisfaction. Additionally, one-way ANOVA showed no significant differences in resilience or life satisfaction across occupational groups. Similarly, no statistically significant gender differences were observed in either resilience or life satisfaction. The study highlights the potential benefits of spiritual development programs, such as mindfulness practices, community engagement, and spiritual counseling, in enhancing life satisfaction. It also emphasizes the importance of resilience-building strategies to help individuals manage stress and maintain a positive outlook. Practical implications include incorporating spirituality and resilience-based approaches into workplace wellness initiatives, mental health interventions, and public health programs targeting middle-aged adults. Future research is recommended to investigate cultural variations and longitudinal patterns to gain deeper insights into these relationships.
A Comparative Study of Morphological Structure of Bodo and Nepali Verb
This paper presents a comparative morphological study of verb structures in Bodo and Nepali, two genetically unrelated languages belonging to the Tibeto-Burman and Indo-European language families respectively. The study examines the formation and classification of verbs into simple, complex, and compound types in both languages. It highlights similarities and differences in syllabic structure, prefixation, suffixation, negation, tense, and causative constructions. Simple verbs are primarily monosyllabic, while complex and compound verbs are polysyllabic in nature. The analysis demonstrates how social contact and linguistic typology influence verb formation patterns. The study contributes to a better understanding of verb morphology in a comparative linguistic perspective.
Neuro-Linguistic AI: Exploring the Cognitive Interface Between Human Language and Machine Understanding
Neuro-Linguistic AI represents an emerging paradigm that integrates computational linguistics, cognitive science, neuroscience, and machine learning to build models capable of interpreting and generating human language with a level of contextual depth, semantic understanding, and cognitive alignment that approximates human-like comprehension. As AI systems increasingly mediate human communication, decision processes, and knowledge work, understanding the cognitive interface between human linguistic behaviour and machine interpretation becomes essential for developing trustworthy, intelligent, and socially-aligned systems. This paper investigates how Neuro-Linguistic AI frameworks synthesize neural language models, cognitive-semantic theories, and neuro-symbolic architectures to improve comprehension, disambiguation, reasoning, and meaning representation in natural language interactions. It evaluates how advanced generative models, attention-based architectures, cognitive embeddings, and neuro-semantic integration enhance machine understanding of pragmatics, intent, ambiguity resolution, and contextual inference. Findings reveal that Neuro-Linguistic AI improves interpretability, communication fidelity, and adaptive learning but also introduces challenges such as cognitive bias propagation, inference instability, semantic drift, and ethical complexity. The study proposes a unified research framework to analyse cognitive-linguistic alignment and suggests new pathways for robust, transparent, and human-centric machine understanding.
Blockchain-Enabled Secure Data Exchange for Smart AI Language Platforms
Blockchain-enabled secure data exchange represents a transformative paradigm for next-generation smart AI language platforms, addressing escalating challenges related to privacy, data integrity, provenance tracking, adversarial manipulation, and trust in decentralized computational environments. As language models increasingly depend on large-scale, multi-source, real-time data streams for training, personalization, and adaptive reasoning, the security vulnerabilities inherent in centralized architectures including single points of failure, unauthorized data inference, model poisoning, and manipulation of exchange protocols have become critical concerns. Blockchain offers a cryptographically verifiable, tamper-resistant, and decentralized infrastructure enabling secure, transparent, and auditable data flows between humans, intelligent systems, and collaborative AI ecosystems. This paper investigates how distributed ledger technologies, decentralized identifiers, smart contracts, and zero-knowledge privacy techniques can be integrated to create a secure data exchange backbone for AI language platforms. It evaluates blockchain-based trust models, consensus-driven validation, immutable metadata trails, and secure multi-party exchange frameworks that enhance resistance to tampering, bias injection, and data inconsistency. Findings demonstrate that blockchain enhances transparency, provenance, federated trust, and accountability while reducing attack surfaces in data pipelines used by smart AI language systems. However, challenges remain in scalability, latency, computational overhead, and aligning decentralized security with high-speed AI language operations. The study proposes a unified architecture and research framework for secure, ethical, and decentralized AI language ecosystems.
Nutritional and Therapeutic Properties of Traditional Food Shree Anna (Millets): A Review
Millets and their products are used in various health as well as disease condition because of their rich contents of minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber, and it is very easy to cultivate. As a result, The United Nations General Assembly declared the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets. The main purpose of this is to create awareness of the health benefits of millet to the general public. Millets are mainly grown in Asian and African countries. Majorly grown millets in the world are pearl millet, finger millet, finger foxtail millet, barnyard millet, sorghum, kodo millet, and little millet. Millets are nutritionally superior to wheat and rice, used as Nutri-cereals. It has gluten-free and low glycemic index. Millets can help in preventing heart disease, cancer, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and various other health benefits. In ancient times it was extensively cultivated, but its cultivation declined eventually because of people's shift towards wheat and rice farming during the green revolution. The present reviews introduce different types of millets.
Emotional Intelligence as a Determinant of Job Satisfaction: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis
In the evolving organizational environment marked by technological disruption, workforce diversity, and heightened emotional demands, understanding the psychological determinants of job satisfaction has become increasingly important. Emotional intelligence (EI), reflecting an individual’s capacity to perceive, regulate, and utilize emotions effectively, has emerged as a critical factor influencing employee attitudes and well-being. This study presents a comprehensive review and analytical synthesis of empirical and conceptual research published between 2010 and 2025 to examine emotional intelligence as a determinant of job satisfaction. Drawing upon studies across multiple sectors, including healthcare, education, IT, hospitality, and public administration, the review highlights consistent evidence supporting a positive relationship between EI and job satisfaction. The analysis reveals that emotional regulation, stress mitigation, leadership effectiveness, emotional labor management, and interpersonal relationships serve as key mediating mechanisms. The study contributes by consolidating fragmented literature, identifying theoretical advancements, and offering insights for organizational practice and future research in emotional intelligence and job satisfaction.
A Complex interaction between the past and present in Ishiguro’s A Pale View of Hills
Japanese literature has its roots in oral traditions that were transcribed in the early eighth century. It coincided with the adoption of a Chinese writing system. Memory, time and lying that never ends are some of the main themes of Kazuo Ishiguro’s works. His upbringing in a Japanese family in Great Britain has shaped the way he thinks and sees things. His first two novels take place in Japan. In his later writings, Ishiguro has written in genres including science fiction and fantasy. He doesn’t use a lot of verbiage, even while he talks about dramatic events.
A Study of Mindfulness and Stress among Adults
Extensive research shows that adolescents and young adults are experiencing rising levels of stress and depression. Findings from the American Psychological Association’s Stress in America Survey indicate that teenagers report stress levels comparable to those of adults. Although many teens recognize that their stress is unhealthy, they often fail to fully understand its effects on their mental and physical well-being. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness practices are effective in reducing anxiety and stress. The present study examined the impact of mindfulness on stress among young adults using the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (Walach, 2006) and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1983). The results revealed a significant negative relationship between mindfulness and stress levels, indicating that higher mindfulness was associated with lower perceived stress. Overall, the findings suggest that mindfulness has a beneficial influence on stress reduction in young adults. Additionally, mindfulness was linked to decreased stress and increased work engagement in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, highlighting its role as a protective and adaptable personal resource.
Kavi Koduram Dalit ke Kavya me Grameen Chetna
India’s Strategic Transition from Semiconductor Consumer to Producer: Policy, Infrastructure and Market Readiness Analysis
India has embarked on a transformative journey to emerge as a major player in the global semiconductor value chain, shifting from a consumer market to a potential production hub. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of recent policy interventions, such as the India Semiconductor Mission(ISM) and Production Linked Incentives (PLI), evaluates infrastructure and supply chain developments, and critically assesses challenges related to import dependence, skilled labor, and R&D. Using a policy and industry trend analysis framework, it is compared semiconductor strategy of India with established producers like Taiwan and South Korea. Findings suggest that while strategic collaborations and state incentives have laid promising groundwork, gaps remain in talent development, raw material sourcing, and indigenous innovation capacity. The study concludes with strategic recommendations of producing the raw materials domestically, ensuring un-interrupted Supply of critical raw-materials from foreign Countries, creating the adequate skilled workforce to strengthen India’s global semiconductor competitiveness.
“Bridging Financial Inclusion and Community Development: CSR Practices of Public Sector Banks in Karnataka
This study investigates the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of Public Banks in Karnataka, with a focus on their contribution to financial inclusion and community development. Financial inclusion, defined as access to affordable and reliable banking services for society, is critical for promoting equitable economic growth and enhancing the livelihoods of marginalized populations. In Karnataka, Public Sector Banks have implemented CSR initiatives that extend beyond legal obligations, addressing region-specific development challenges and gaps in access to financial related services. This article combines secondary data from the bank reports, CSR disclosures, government statistics, and scholarly studies with primary insights from a survey of 50 respondents, including bank personnel, community representatives, and program beneficiaries. The findings reveal that CSR programs have positively influenced financial literacy, banking access, and awareness of economic opportunities, with particular impact observed in education, healthcare, women’s empowerment, and rural livelihood development. The study identifies challenges, uneven outreach, resource constraints, and the need for the improved co-ordination with government schemes. Overall, the evidence suggests that targeted, well-structured, and sustained CSR initiatives can produce meaningful socio-economic benefits, particularly in underserved and rural areas. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of aligning CSR strategies with local development priorities, enhancing transparency in monitoring outcomes, and fostering stronger partnerships between banks, government agencies, and civil society to maximize the potential of CSR in promoting inclusive and sustainable development across Karnataka.
Exploring AI Assessment Tools in English Language Learning and Teaching – A Qualitative Study
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be found in various sectors, including education and especially in English Language Teaching (ELT). It has the promise of completely transforming education by performing management activities, lending sophisticated teaching platforms and individualizing the experiences of learning. There are several language learning applications and websites integrated with AI tools to enhance language learning. In recent days, there have also been language skills assessment AI tools available, which assess listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. The current study aims to collect 10 AI language assessment tools and examine their features and accessibility for language learners and teachers. The study employs a qualitative method of survey technique; a survey of related studies has generated interesting insights. The study describes the usability of each AI language assessment tool with an authorized website link. Also, recommendations for the language instructors, learners and for further studies. It would be extremely beneficial for language learners and teachers to assess language proficiency levels by utilizing AI tools in ELT.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Strategic Decision-Making across HR, Marketing, and Finance Functions
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in strategic decision-making across core business functions, fundamentally reshaping how organizations approach human resources, marketing, and finance operations. As businesses navigate increasingly complex and data-rich environments, AI-powered decision-making systems are providing unprecedented capabilities for analyzing vast datasets, identifying patterns, predicting outcomes, and optimizing strategic choices. According to McKinsey Global Institute (2023), organizations that have adopted AI in strategic decision-making report 23% higher profitability and 19% revenue growth compared to their non-AI counterparts.
The Subversion of the Concept of Disability in George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire: A Foucauldian Analysis
Rather than serving as a source of identity and pride through the celebration of difference, disability has historically been characterised by subjugation in nearly every sphere of life. Representations of people with impairments are often framed in tragic terms, with language that is consistently negative or passive. This pattern has only begun to be resisted in literature over the past few decades. George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire stands out in this regard, as it destabilises conventional portrayals of disability and repositions it as integral to human existence. Characters such as Tyrion Lannister and Bran Stark appear as complex figures, shaped by resilience, intellect, and contradictions that challenge the boundaries of ‘normalcy,’ rather than mere symbols of pity. By employing a Foucauldian perspective, this paper examines how Martin critiques the disciplinary power structures that enforce conformity, exposes the illusion of the able/disabled binary, and ultimately subverts the conventional narrative of disability as deficit.
"Empowering Educators: Safeguarding Privacy and Maximizing Social Media Integration in AI-Enhanced Language Instruction"
This research paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in language learning apps and platforms, focusing on Babbel, Lingvist, Memrise, EdX, Busuu, and OpenAI's GPT-3. These platforms utilize AI algorithms to tailor language lessons to individual learners' proficiency levels, interests, and learning styles. Each platform emphasizes data privacy and security protocols to protect user data while incorporating social features to facilitate peer interaction, collaboration, and cultural exchange among learners. The paper examines how these platforms leverage AI-driven personalized instruction to enhance language learning outcomes while navigating privacy concerns and ethical considerations. Through a comparative analysis of their approaches, the paper highlights best practices and challenges in integrating AI technologies into language education. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential of AI-driven language instruction to create immersive, effective, and inclusive learning environments in the digital age.
Reclaiming Agency: Women’s Narratives in Karna’s Wife
Kavita Kane is an Indian author known for her feminist retellings of Hindu mythology. A former journalist, she gained recognition with her debut novel, Karna’s Wife: The Outcast’s Queen. This paper entitled Reclaiming Agency: Women’s Narratives in Karna’s Wife explores the theme of female agency in Karna’s Wife: The Outcast’s Queen. The novel reimagines the Mahabharata through the perspective of Uruvi, Karna’s wife. By shifting the focus from the dominant male narratives of the epic, the novel offers a nuanced portrayal of Uruvi as an assertive and independent woman who challenges societal norms while navigating love, loyalty, and personal convictions. Drawing from feminist literary criticism, this study examines how Uruvi’s voice reclaims agency within a patriarchal framework, redefining her role beyond that of a silent consort. It further investigates how her choices, dialogues, and resistance to traditional constraints contribute to a broader discourse on women's empowerment in mythological retellings. In doing so, the paper highlights the significance of reinterpreting classical texts through contemporary feminist lenses to uncover marginalized voices and reframe historical narratives.
Institutional Pathways to Women’s Economic Empowerment: Micro-Level Evidence from India’s Rural Livelihood Economy
Women’s economic empowerment is widely recognized as central to inclusive development, yet empirical evidence linking institutional support systems to measurable agency remains limited at the micro level. This study examines how institutional participation shapes women’s economic empowerment within a structured rural livelihood economy. Using primary survey data from 418 women engaged in sericulture activities, the analysis constructs a multidimensional empowerment index and estimates a multiple regression model to evaluate the effects of training access, credit inclusion, collective participation, resource accessibility, and decision autonomy. The results demonstrate that all institutional predictors are positively and significantly associated with empowerment outcomes, with decision autonomy and training access emerging as the strongest drivers. The findings indicate that empowerment is not an automatic consequence of employment but an institutional achievement mediated through capability-building and agency reinforcement. By providing regression-based evidence from a women-intensive agro-industrial sector, the study advances empowerment theory and demonstrates that livelihood programs function as scalable infrastructures of gender transformation when embedded within integrated institutional ecosystems. The framework offers transferable insights for rural development policy beyond the empirical setting and supports a systemic approach to empowerment design.
A Critical Study on Awareness and Use of Information Sources and Services Among Postgraduate Students of Thiruvalluvar University Affiliated Colleges
This study critically examines the awareness, utilization, and chaallenges of information sources and services among postgraduate students in Thiruvalluvar University affiliated colleges. In the digital age, access to diverse print and electronic resources is vital for academic research and scholarly development. The research reveals a growing awareness and adoption of digital tools, with universal internet access and increasing use of e-resources such as e-journals, institutional repositories, and open access platforms. Despite this shift, traditional print sources like books and journals continue to play a significant role, highlighting a hybrid information- seeking environment. The study further explores students’ engagement with library services, including circulation, reference, and remote access, and underscores the importance of library orientation and information literacy programs, which significantly enhance resource utilization and research skills. However, barriers such as infrastructural deficiencies, digital literacy gaps, language hurdles, and limited ICT skills impede optimal usage of available resources. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA tests, demonstrate that effective use of information sources positively impacts academic performance and research output. The findings highlight the necessity for targeted interventions, infrastructural improvements, and comprehensive training programs to bridge existing gaps. Overall, fostering digital literacy and promoting resource awareness are crucial for empowering postgraduate students to excel academically and contribute effectively to research and knowledge creation in a rapidly evolving information environment.
Determinants of Retention in Digital Banking: PLS-SEM Meets Necessary Condition Analysis
The rapid digitalisation of the banking industry has transformed service delivery mechanisms and intensified competition among banks, making customer retention a critical strategic priority. This study examines the determinants and necessary conditions of customer retention intention in digital banking by integrating Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). Data were collected from 435 bank customers in Goa using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The measurement model was assessed for reliability and validity, followed by structural model estimation to test the hypothesised relationships among customer loyalty, digital commitment, employee performance, perceived information quality, perceived service orientation, post service recovery satisfaction, and switching cost. The results reveal that post service recovery satisfaction significantly enhances customer loyalty and customer retention intention, while employee performance, perceived information quality, and perceived service orientation strongly influence recovery satisfaction. In addition, the moderation effect of switching cost on the relationship between recovery satisfaction and retention intention is supported. The NCA findings further identify employee performance, perceived information quality, and recovery satisfaction as necessary conditions for achieving high levels of customer retention. By distinguishing between sufficient drivers and indispensable prerequisites, this study offers a novel theoretical contribution to digital banking and relationship marketing literature. The findings provide practical implications for banking managers seeking to strengthen service recovery systems and build long-term customer relationships in an increasingly digital environment.
A Socio – Legal Study on Reproductive & Child Health among Santhal Tribal Community: With Special Reference to West Burdwan in West Bengal
The Santhal people are one of the homogenous and dominant tribes in comparison to the Munda, Bhumiji, Kora, Lodha, Mahali, Bhutia, Bedia and Savar in West Bengal. The present study aims to investigate the issues pertaining to infants and children, marriages, pregnancy, family planning practices etc.., The Santhal’s society is patrilineal and patriarchal in nature. Problems of health and nutrition among the tribals are common due to poverty and lack of sanitary and proper medical facilities. Child marriage has been a pervasive factor in the society and the position of women has been subordinate to that of men. The ideas that are prevalent in the Western World on the concept of reproductive and child health have influenced India and the issue related to the health of the mother and child has changed. For this research the researcher has used an Interview Schedule for the collection of primary data to secure the responses of the subject belonging to socio economic strata of the various denominations.
Samajik Nayay ke Agradoot ke Roop me Jyotiba Phoole ka Yogdaan (1827 - 1890)
From Farms to Factories: Balancing Agriculture and Industry through Startup Management for Sustainable Economic Development
Economic development is increasingly understood as a process of structural transformation that requires balanced growth across productive sectors. In many developing and transition economies, development strategies have historically prioritized industrialization, often based on the assumption that agriculture would gradually decline in importance as economies modernize. However, extensive empirical evidence indicates that neglecting agriculture results in food insecurity, persistent rural poverty, widening regional disparities, and unsustainable growth trajectories. This paper argues that sustainable economic development requires a balanced and mutually reinforcing relationship between agriculture and industry rather than the dominance of one sector over the other. In this context, startups and startup management have emerged as critical institutional mechanisms capable of integrating agricultural and industrial activities. The objectives of the study are fourfold: to examine the respective roles of agriculture and industry in the process of economic development, to analyse the necessity of maintaining a balance between agricultural and industrial growth, to explore how startups function as a structural and operational link between agriculture and industry, and to assess the contribution of startup management to inclusive and sustainable development outcomes. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research methodology, relying exclusively on secondary data sources such as peer-reviewed academic literature, government policy documents, development reports, and publications by international institutions. The analysis is grounded in classical development theories, models of structural transformation, and contemporary literature on entrepreneurship and management. The central argument advanced in the paper is that startups—particularly those operating in agribusiness, food processing, logistics, rural manufacturing, and digital platforms—serve as an integrative bridge between agriculture and industry by facilitating value addition, technological diffusion, improved market access, and employment generation, thereby reducing structural rigidities that traditionally separate primary and secondary sectors. Effective startup management plays a decisive role in ensuring innovation, scalability, financial sustainability, and organisational resilience, strengthening agri–industrial value chains. The contribution of the study lies in its interdisciplinary approach that integrates insights from development economics and management studies and positions startups not merely as entrepreneurial ventures but as development institutions that promote balanced sectoral growth, inclusive development, and long-term economic sustainability..
Internal Exile and Industrial Modernity: Rethinking Diaspora in Anchee Min’s Pearl of China and Leslie T. Chang’s Factory Girls
Diaspora has traditionally been theorized through the lens of transnational displacement and exile. This paper argues that internal displacement within modern nation-states can generate structural conditions indistinguishable from classical diaspora, thereby requiring a theoretical redefinition of diaspora beyond geography. Through a comparative reading of Anchee Min’s Pearl of China and Leslie T. Chang’s Factory Girls, the study demonstrates how Maoist ideological persecution and post-reform rural-to-urban labour migration produce forms of diasporic consciousness shaped by estrangement, hybridity, and fractured belonging. In Pearl of China, political legitimacy is revoked through ideological surveillance, rendering subjects symbolically expelled within their homeland. In Factory Girls, economic mobility is structurally constrained by class and gender hierarchies, producing alienated yet aspirational identities. By extending diaspora theory to encompass internal migration and political estrangement, this study reconceptualizes diaspora as a condition of negotiated belonging produced by power rather than border crossing alone.
Recurrent Neural Network for Map Query Suggestion Based on Hierarchical Context Attention
Map query suggestion plays a critical role in improving user experience in location-based services by predicting users’ search intentions and recommending relevant queries. Traditional approaches often fail to effectively capture the complex temporal dependencies and multi-level contextual information embedded in user search behaviours. To address this limitation, this study proposes a Hierarchical Context Attention-based Recurrent Neural Network (HCA-RNN) within an encoder–decoder framework for map query suggestion. The proposed model learns sequential dependencies among queries within a session to capture short-term user intent, while simultaneously modelling cross-session relationships to represent long-term search context. A hierarchical attention mechanism is incorporated to selectively emphasize important queries and contextual information at different levels, enabling more accurate intent understanding. Experiments conducted on large-scale real-world map query logs demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing baseline methods in terms of standard evaluation metrics such as Recall and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR). The results confirm the effectiveness of hierarchical contextual attention in enhancing the accuracy and relevance of map query recommendations.
Effect of a 12-Week Exercise Training Programme on Physical Fitness among Male Intercollegiate Football Players
The present study examined the effect of a 12-week structured exercise training programme on selected physical fitness components among male intercollegiate football players. One hundred male football players aged 18–27 years, representing affiliated colleges of Punjabi University, Guru Nanak Dev University, and Panjab University, Chandigarh, participated in the study. Physical fitness variables such as upper-body strength, abdominal muscular endurance, agility, explosive leg power, speed, and cardiovascular endurance were assessed using selected items of the AAPHER Youth Physical Fitness Test. A single-group pre-test–post-test experimental design was adopted. Following the pre-test, subjects underwent a systematic training programme for twelve weeks. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and paired sample t-test. The results indicated significant improvement in all selected physical fitness variables at the 0.01 level of significance, confirming the effectiveness of the training programme.
Analysis And Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Multimodel Machine Learning Techniques
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behavioural patterns that affect cognitive development. The increasing prevalence of ASD highlights the need for reliable and early screening systems. Traditional diagnostic methods depend on clinical observation and structured assessments, which may delay early identification. This implementation presents a multimodal machine learning framework that integrates prenatal biological indicators and early childhood behavioural features for ASD risk prediction. Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, and Long Short-Term Memory models were implemented independently and combined using a weighted ensemble strategy. Experimental results demonstrate that prenatal models achieved higher classification performance compared to behavioral models, with Artificial Neural Network producing the highest accuracy. The ensemble model improved prediction stability and reduced false-negative rates, showing that multimodal machine learning integration can effectively support early ASD detection systems.
An Empirical Analysis of Employee Perceptions Towards Modern Recruitment and Selection Methods in Bangalore’s IT Sector
The growing significance of human resource management represents one of the most important developments in modern organizational theory and practice. Human resources constitute the foundation of every organization, as employees contribute innovative ideas, values, and competencies that, when effectively managed, enhance overall organizational performance. Organizations in both developed and developing economies depend heavily on employee performance, as it directly influences organizational success or failure. Therefore, identifying the right candidate for the right position and fostering their professional growth is a critical responsibility of management. Recruitment and selection processes play a vital role in shaping employee perceptions and organizational outcomes. Effective hiring practices by line managers contribute significantly to achieving organizational objectives. The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship between demographic variables and employees’ perceptions of recruitment and selection processes in the IT sector.
From Listening to Accountability: Institutionalising Participatory Governance through the Back to Village Programme in Jammu & Kashmir
Participatory governance is central to democratic decentralisation, yet its operational effectiveness in fragile and conflict-affected regions remains under-examined. The Back to Village (B2V) programme in Jammu and Kashmir represents one of India’s largest state-led participatory governance initiatives. Implemented across five phases between 2019 and 2023, the programme ensured universal coverage of 4,483 Gram Panchayats, with approximately 5,000 senior officers deployed per phase, enabling a longitudinal assessment free from scale-expansion bias. Using a qualitative case-study approach supplemented by documentary analysis, secondary literature, official programme data, and practitioner insights, the study evaluates B2V’s governance outcomes. Descriptive statistics indicate progressive improvement in programme performance, with prioritised scheme completion rising from approximately 60 per cent in Phase II to nearly 90 per cent by Phase V. To capture institutional change, the study develops a Governance Maturity Index (GMI) and an Accountability Density Index (ADI). Findings show a systematic progression from diagnostic consultation to partial accountability enforcement, reflecting movement along Arnstein’s ladder from tokenistic participation towards partnership-oriented engagement. Accountability mechanisms expanded from none in Phase I to multiple formal instruments by Phase V, alongside diversification of participatory forums beyond Gram Sabhas. Despite these advances, uneven follow-up and continued bureaucratic dominance constrain sustainability. The study concludes that B2V demonstrates the potential of state-led participation to enhance responsiveness and trust, but durable outcomes depend on institutionalising participatory practices within routine Panchayat planning and accountability frameworks.
Impact of organisational Culture on Employee Behaviour –A Comprehensive Review
The impact of organizational culture has on both corporate and academic researches has received a lot of attention in recent times not forgetting its impact on these sectors. The study concludes that organizational culture helps improve employee performance also as a source of motivation to workers because motivation does not only mean monetary value.
Organizational Success and Training & Development: The Relational Effect in Review Perspective"
This review explores the pivotal role of training and development in driving organizational success. Drawing from contemporary research and theoretical frameworks, it examines how structured learning initiatives enhance employee performance, foster innovation, and contribute to long-term strategic goals. The paper highlights key concepts such as needs assessment, instructional design, learning transfer, and evaluation metrics. It also reviews empirical findings on the impact of training on productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. By synthesizing insights from both academic literature and industry practices, the review underscores the necessity of aligning training programs with organizational objectives and adapting to evolving workforce demands. The study concludes that a well-integrated training and development strategy is not merely a support function but a core driver of competitive advantage.
Architecture under the Delhi Sultanate: A Socio-Cultural and Structural Study
The period of the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE) represents a formative era in the history of Indian architecture. Sultanate rulers introduced new architectural forms and techniques that synthesized indigenous Indian traditions with Islamic aesthetics. This research analyzes major architectural developments under the Slave, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties, emphasizing structural innovations, decorative motifs, and socio-cultural symbolism. Drawing on literary sources, archaeological evidence, and contemporary scholarship, the paper argues that Sultanate architecture catalyzed a transformative phase in medieval Indian built heritage. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how political power, religious practice, and cultural interactions shaped architectural evolution in pre-Mughal India.
Marriage, Displacement, and the New Indian Woman: A Feminist Reading of Nina in
This research paper entitled “Marriage, Displacement, and the New Indian Woman: A Feminist Reading of Nina in Manju Kapur’s The Immigrant” explores the significant role that the institution of marriage plays in Indian society and the transformation a woman undergoes upon entering married life. The novel portrays Nina, an educated yet culturally conditioned woman whose marriage to Ananda, a dentist settled in Canada, leads her into a new socio-cultural environment. Moving from the protected space of her parental home to the unfamiliar world of migration, Nina experiences emotional, cultural, and psychological displacement. Through a feminist perspective, the paper examines how marriage and migration reshape Nina’s identity and compel her to confront the realities of marital expectations, sexual dissatisfaction, and personal autonomy. Although equipped with education and professional aspirations, Nina initially internalizes traditional ideals of marriage prevalent in Indian society. However, her experiences in the diasporic setting gradually transform her outlook and lead her toward a new understanding of selfhood. The study argues that it is the combined forces of marriage and displacement that ultimately redefine Nina as a “New Indian Woman,” a transformation that she herself had never anticipated.
Demographic Profile and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Rural Women in Jammu and Kashmir: Evidence from Anantnag and Baramulla Districts
Understanding the demographic and socio-economic profile of rural women is essential for designing gender-responsive rural development policies. This study presents a comprehensive demographic analysis of 471 rural respondents from the districts of Anantnag and Baramulla in Jammu and Kashmir. Using primary survey data, the paper examines age structure, marital status, educational attainment, occupational distribution, income levels, and residential characteristics. The findings reveal moderate educational attainment but weak labour market integration, heavy concentration in unpaid and informal employment, and limited independent income. Despite demographic improvements, structural gender disparities persist in economic participation and decision-making roles. The study highlights the disconnect between human capital formation and economic empowerment in rural settings and underscores the need for targeted interventions focusing on income autonomy, skill diversification, and institutional participation. The paper contributes district-level micro evidence from a conflict-sensitive rural economy where demographic transitions have not translated proportionately into socio-economic agency.
The Aesthetics of Suffering and the Representation of Trauma in Toni Morrison’s Major Fictions
This research paper explores the pervasive theme of psychological and physical trauma within the literary works of Toni Morrison, focusing specifically on the devastation caused by systemic racism, poverty, and domestic violence. Drawing upon psychoanalytic theory and trauma studies, the analysis investigates how Morrison aesthetically reconstructs the shattered lives of her characters. Through detailed examinations of three foundational texts, this paper highlights specific traumatic incidents that serve as catalysts for psychological fragmentation. The first section examines the destructive impact of internalized racism and incestuous abuse on a vulnerable child. The second section analyzes the lasting effects of military combat alongside the horrifying manifestations of maternal violence within an impoverished community. The final section delves into the historical catastrophe of slavery, exploring how traumatic memory literally haunts the survivors. Ultimately, this paper argues that Morrison utilizes complex narrative structures to articulate previously unspoken horrors, transforming the debilitating experiences of shame and violence into a generative space for historical recovery and communal healing.
Tamil Nadu Zero Ticket Bus Travel Scheme and Women Empowerment: A Bibliometric and Research Gap Analysis
The Tamil Nadu Zero Ticket Bus Travel Scheme is a significant policy initiative aimed at enhancing women's mobility and empowerment. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of existing research over the past five years to identify trends, gaps, and future research directions. Using open-access databases, we examine publication trends, citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence, and geographical distributions. The findings highlight key themes such as economic empowerment, safety concerns, and policy implications. Identified gaps include insufficient studies on rural impact, long-term empowerment outcomes, and safety interventions. The study concludes with policy recommendations to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness.
Tradition and Modernity in Shobha De’s Socialite Evenings
Shobha De’s writing gives us a look inside the minds of women and covers a wide spectrum of experiences. She talks on the problems and changes that middle-class Indian women, who make up the vast majority of Indian women, go through. Her main interest is the struggle of women in modern Indian culture. Shobha De, a current feminist voice, has been praised for her realistic portrayal of Indian society. She is a feminist who looks into the life and problems of women. She thinks that Indian women today have a hard time because of old-fashioned ideas that still exist. Marriage has been harmful to the lives of modern Indian women, who have been getting a solid education for the previous 40 years. After British political colonization, a lot of females were sent to many different countries around the world to get a good education. Also, Indian colleges are very focused on giving women a good education. Because of this, women today are starting to challenge the conventional ideals that are hard to change. When the strict rules of society clash with the fresh ideas of Indian women, it creates a form of conflict. The literary works, serving as reflective instruments, depict the prevailing tension. This study aims to elucidate the clash between tradition and modernity in Shobha De’s Socialite Evenings.
Feminism and the Politics of Homosexuality in Shobhaa De’s Starry Nights
Shobha De has been a journalist in Bombay for many years, thus she has seen a lot of the metropolitan lifestyles and minds of the ladies who live there. So, she knows a lot about how it is shown. The same part of a woman’s mind. Before she becomes a famous actress, Asha Rani is Viji, the daughter of a movie tycoon who is not very good at raising her. She falls in love with Akshay Arora, who is married, but he cheated on her. Barua’s story also talks about her first time being with Linda as a lesbian. Their connection was just as talkative because Abhijit is married and had children. She marries Jamie Phillips and they have a daughter named Sasha together in New Zealand. She has an affair with Jojo when she is in India and he loathes her. Asha Rani, a famous movie star, has a rise and collapse in Starry Nights. She will always work in the Bombay film industry. She relies on the movie business and keeps working in it, even if it’s not as a heroine but as a producer.
Reassessing Popular Fiction in Post-Liberalized India: A Thematic Study of Chetan Bhagat’s Novels
Indian English fiction has evolved significantly from its early nationalist phase to postmodern and post-liberalized forms that reflect rapid socio-economic and cultural transformation. Alongside canonical literary writing, popular fiction has emerged as an influential literary form representing the aspirations, anxieties, and lived experiences of contemporary Indian society, particularly the urban middle class and youth. Despite its wide readership, popular fiction has often been marginalized within academic literary criticism. This study examines major themes in selected novels of Chetan Bhagat to understand how popular fiction reflects social realities in post-liberalized India. Using qualitative textual and thematic analysis, the study identifies recurring themes such as youth identity and education, middle-class aspirations, love and relationships, corruption and social challenges, and urban work culture. The findings suggest that Bhagat’s novels function as cultural narratives that document changing social values, economic aspirations, and psychological pressures experienced by contemporary youth. The study argues that popular fiction deserves greater scholarly attention not only for its readership but also for its sociological and cultural significance in understanding modern India.
1909 और 1919 के अधिनियमों के माध्यम से मुसलमानों और सिखों सहित कई समुदायों को अलग मतदाता सूची प्रदान की गई। राष्ट्रवादी इतिहासकारों के अनुसार वास्तव में ब्रिटिश शासन का उद्देश्य हिंदुओं, मुसलमानों तथा अन्य अल्पसंख्यक समूहों आदि में फूट डालकर भारतीय एकता को कमजोर करना था। दलित समुदायों का राजनीतिक उभार 20वीं शताब्दी के प्रारंभ में तेज हुआ। डॉ. अम्बेडकर का मानना था कि दलित समुदाय भारत का वास्तविक अल्पसंख्यक वर्ग है जिसे पृथक निर्वाचन मंडल और राजनीतिक संरक्षण की आवश्यकता है। 1920 के बाद अंग्रेजों ने दलितों के प्रति अपनी नीति बदली क्योंकि उन्हें यह समझ आने लगा था कि गांधीजी के नेतृत्व में कांग्रेस को व्यापक जनसमर्थन मिल रहा था। इस पृष्ठभूमि में दलित नेताओं को गोलमेज सम्मेलनों में आमंत्रित किया गया। प्रथम सम्मेलन में अम्बेडकर और हिंदू महासभा के नेताओं ने दलित अधिकारों पर विचार-विमर्श किया। 1931 में शुरू हुए दूसरे गोलमेज सम्मेलन में महात्मा गांधी ने कांग्रेस की ओर से प्रतिनिधित्व किया और दलितों के लिए पृथक निर्वाचन मंडल का कड़ा विरोध किया। उनका मत था कि ऐसी व्यवस्था हिंदू समाज को विभाजित कर देगी। उन्होंने कहा कि कांग्रेस सभी वर्गों की प्रतिनिधि है और किसी भी जाति को विशेष राजनीतिक संरक्षण देना वे स्वीकार नहीं करेंगे। अम्बेडकर और गांधी के बीच मतभेद बढ़ने पर ब्रिटिश प्रधानमंत्री रैम्ज़े मैकडोनाल्ड ने 17 अगस्त 1932 को “साम्प्रदायिक निर्णय” (Communal Award) घोषित किया। इसमें दलितों को 20 वर्षों तक पृथक निर्वाचन मंडल और दोहरे वोट का अधिकार दिया गया। हालांकि यह व्यवस्था अम्बेडकर के लिए “अनमोल विशेषाधिकार” थी, गांधी ने इसे अंग्रेजों की “फूट डालो और राज करो” नीति बताया और इसके विरोध में 20 सितंबर 1932 से आमरण अनशन की घोषणा कर दी। हिंदू एवं दलित नेताओं के बीच लगातार वार्ताओं के बाद अंततः 24 सितंबर 1932 “पूना पैक्ट” के बाद अम्बेडकर ने पृथक निर्वाचन मंडल की मांग छोड़ने पर सहमति दे दी। पूना समझौता भारतीय इतिहास की एक निर्णायक घटना थी जिससे दलितों का राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व सुनिश्चित हुआ और भविष्य में सरकारी सेवाओं तथा अन्य क्षेत्रों में आरक्षण की व्यवस्था प्रारंभ हुई। यह समझौता उतना ही महत्वपूर्ण माना जाता है जितना लखनऊ समझौता मुसलमानों के लिए था। इस लेख के माध्यम से गांधी व अंबेडकर के मध्य संपन्न पूना समझौता जो कई महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव और द्वंद के पश्चात पूर्ण हुआ। यह लेख इस विषय में तत्कालीन आवश्यकता, चुनौतियों तथा इसके समाधान को जानने का प्रयास है।
Exploring Selfhood in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing and the Handmaid’s Tale
This study explores the quest for self-identity in Margaret Atwood's novels "Surfacing" and "The Handmaid's Tale." By examining the protagonists' journeys and the impact of societal and environmental factors, the research highlights the resilience of the human spirit in the search for individuality. The analysis draws on feminist and psychological perspectives to understand how Atwood portrays the struggle for identity against oppressive societal norms. The findings reveal significant similarities and differences in portraying self-identity in both novels, offering insights into the broader implications of identity formation in contemporary literature.
A Study on Customers’ Brand Preference of Smartphones in Madurai District.
Branding has become a critical determinant of consumer decision making in highly competitive and technology- driven markets such as the smartphone industry. With rapid technological advancements and minimal functional differentiation among smartphone brands, intangible factors such as brand image, perceived quality, brand trust and brand loyalty play a significant role in shaping consumer preferences. This study aims examine the influence of branding on consumer purchase behaviour in the smartphone market. Drawing upon established branding theories and previous empirical studies, the research key brand related constructs including brand equity, brand perception, brand loyalty. The study seeks to analyse how these factors affect consume attitude and buying intentions toward smartphones. By reviewing existing literature and identifying the research gap, the study highlights the growing importance of branding as a strategic tool in the smartphone industry, particularly in the emerging markets. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for marketers and smartphone manufacturers in developing effective brand strategies to enhance consumer satisfaction and long- term loyalty.
A study on Adoption and Preference of Banking Applications in the Digital Era: Customer Preference Dynamics in Mobile Banking Platforms
Banking has moved from traditional branch-based services to digital platforms like mobile banking apps due to the quick development of technology. Understanding consumer preferences and satisfaction with mobile banking apps offered by public and private sector banks is the main goal of this study. It seeks to determine the most popular features, gauge customer satisfaction, and examine the elements—such as usability, speed, security, and dependability—that influence the selection of a specific banking app. The study is based on primary data that was gathered from mobile banking users, primarily in the Ernakulam district, via a Google Forms survey. The study's conclusions aid in comprehending consumer demands and expectations, which can help banks develop mobile applications, improve user experience, and promote the expansion of digital banking in accordance with the Digital India initiative.
Dying Women and Already Dead Land: An Ecofeminist Reading of Manjula Padmanabhan’s Escape
Ecofeminism conceptualizes that exploitation of both women and environment results from the patriarchal setup of the world. Dystopian fiction have not only been warning us of the dangers of an autocratic regime powered by potential technological advancements, but have also portrayed how the nature and land forever changes in such a dystopian fate. This paper intends to analyze Manjula Padmanaban’s Escape – a feminist dystopian fiction with an eco-dystopian narrative that follows the life of the only known woman survivor in a post-apocalyptic country called “The Brother Land” formed after the national femicide; new humans (men) are genetically cloned under the iron-fist rule of their cloned Generals brothers who were coded to eradicate the remaining ‘vermins in hide’ and spread their ideology throughout the world.
The Strange Case of Stock Figures and Their Loneliness in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men
This paper analyses the alienated characters of the migrants in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men. Crooks, Candy and Curley's wife are among the most well-known characters who suffer from acute loneliness throughout the novel as a result of being detached from the general human population. In the plot, the characters experience estrangement due to their radically different circumstances from everyone else in the story. This article uses Karl Marx's idea of estrangement, which has its roots in his theory of human nature, to investigate this situation. The study successfully illustrates ‘Alienation from species-being,’ which is the fourth characteristic of alienation upheld by Karl Marx. In order to anchor the issue, this theory has been applied to explore loneliness and the pursuit of dreams amidst the character’s adversity. From the analysis, the study discloses that liberation from alienation efforts have gone unrecognised and continue to be unheard in society. Thus, this study has attempted to discuss the theme of alienation and the nuances of the word alienation thoroughly.
Ubiety, Belonging and Silence in Abdulrazak Gurnah’s Dottie
This paper examines refugee identity and the fragile limits of belonging in Dottie by Abdulrazak Gurnah. The novel shows Dottie Badoura Fatma Balfour as a storey that was influenced by the racial marginalisation, cultural anxiety, and seeking of acceptance in England. Although Dottie was born and raised in Britain, she remains positioned as an outsider. Her struggle reveals that belonging is not guaranteed by birth or residence but regulated through race name and social recognition. Refugee and migration studies, this paper argues that Dottie presents ubiety as a contested space. Ubiety here refers to the desire for a lived place of safety, attachment, and recognition. Dottie attempts to construct this space through education, naming, and emotional restraint. However, repeated experiences of racial humiliation and social exclusion prevent stability. Silence becomes a survival strategy. It protects her from open confrontation but deepens psychological isolation. The novel also foregrounds the politics of naming and filiation. Dottie’s anxiety about her name reflects her fear of being without identity and place. Her desire to be accepted exposes the limits of British multicultural belonging. Gurnah portrays refugee consciousness not only among migrants but also among racialised subjects within the nation. Dottie thus expands refugee literature by revealing how unbelonging can exist even without physical displacement. Identity remains unsettled, and belonging remains conditional.
The Monstrous Sublime: A Postmodern Deconstruction of Mythology and Cultural Identity in Amish Tripathi’s Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta
Amish Tripathi’s Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta (2019) has made significant changes in the familiar portrayal of Raavan, the King of Lanka. He is a complex character with a mix of emotions. Tripathi brings out all of Raavan’s untold sides. He is neither a good nor a bad person. The portrayal of Raavan throughout this series contrasts with the traditional or fixed. The paper examines the concept of différance by Jacques Derrida, the myths as analyzed by Roland Barthes, and the myths as criticized by Jean-François Lyotard. It states that the novel is a breakthrough as the displaced Other has the opportunity to reclaim authority over the definite notions of good and evil. As the study suggests, the novel is a turning point where the displaced Other can take back control of the stasis of the conventional moral discourses.
Cultural Semantics of Perumal Murugan’s novel One Part Woman: A Roland Barthes Mythological Exploration
Myths are part and parcel of Indian society. Myths and superstitions are entwined in rural India and are still being passed on to generations and followed heedlessly. Variations in myth are inevitably embedded in region and community. Whenever we come across any myth that is dealt with in any work of art, it must be subjected to the questions of rationale. To reason the majority's belief, it has to be discussed by readers worldwide. One Part Woman, a narrative discourse set in the Kongu region, around the town of Tiruchengode in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu, entwined with myths surrounding the issue of the childlessness of a young couple, Kali and Ponna, who wait for almost 12 years to bear a child, provides the space for the study. Despite their love and care for each other, they fail to prove it with a child. Thus, Ponna is advised to follow the myth, which was widely believed to be the ultimatum to bear a child in the given space Karatoor. The chariot festival is the thick description with which the myth is to be studied in the light of Structural Anthropology. The spectacle of such anthropological study leads us to examine, for a deeper understanding, the binary oppositions, symbolic elements, social structures, and kinship dynamics. The findings could shed light on the intricate interplay of conventional rules in modernity. This enables the reader to infer the socio-cultural context of the story, especially in the novels of Perumal Murugan, which pertain to the conflicts that arise between characters in the novels. Thus, this research paper intends to trace the conflicts convoluted with meanings and also demonstrates the ability of structural analysis to unravel the complexities of literary texts.
Specialized Investment Funds in India: Bridging the Gap Between Traditional Mutual Funds and Portfolio Management Services
In February-April 2025, the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI), India's securities regulator, released Specialized Investment Funds (SIFs), a new type of mutual fund product aimed to bridge the gap between ordinary mutual funds and more expensive PMS/AIF vehicles. With a minimum investment requirement of Rs 10 lakh, SIFs allow for advanced strategies such as equity and debt long-short, rotation of sector, and hybrid long-short. This article elucidates the SIF framework, contextualizes it among current pooled vehicles, and evaluates its short- and medium-term impacts on various aspects of India’s mutual fund industry, including product design, distribution, and competition for high-net-worth investors, governance, operations, and taxation. We conduct Policy analysis of SEBI circulars, cross-referenced with reliable news and industry insights, to formulate evidence based propositions regarding AUM flows, margins, market structure and investor protection. Our research indicates that SIFs have the potential to: (i) increase the affluent segment that AMCs can reach; (ii) partially cannibalize equity/hybrid MF AUM among HNIs while returning some PMS/AIF demand to regulated pooled funds; (iii) increase operational and brand-segregation costs; and (iv) increase performance dispersion and product risk, necessitating stricter disclosures and compliance checks.
A Study on Customer Satisfaction on Service Quality of Multibrancd Car Service Centre with Special Reference to Pudukkotai District
Automobile Industry has played a major role in the Indian economy during the last decade. The Indian market opening its wings to MNC’s, the competition has become severe in terms of product quality and service. Multi brand car service centre has brought forward customer satisfaction at each level where they render service of all brand under one roof. Satisfied customer’s form the foundation of any successful business as customer satisfaction leads to repeat service, brand loyalty, and positive word of mouth. Many researches are going on in the field of customer satisfaction for not only retaining the customer but also for repeated business deals. An attempt is made in this paper to highlight the use of customer service of multi brand car service centre as a tool for improving the relationship with the customer.
A Study on the Impact of Responsible Tourism on Women Empowerment in Kollam District
The responsible tourism model in Kerala has enabled thousands of women entrepreneurs to participate in tourism-related enterprises and gain economic independence. This study aims to examine the impact of responsible tourism initiatives on women empowerment in Kollam district. The research focuses on analyzing how tourism activities influence women’s conomic independence, decision-making power, employment opportunities, and social participation. The study also evaluates the role of government schemes, self-help groups, and tourism organizations in promoting women’s involvement in responsible tourism activities. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach using primary and secondary data collected from women entrepreneurs, tourism workers, and community members involved in tourism activities. The findings of the study are expected to highlight the positive relationship between responsible tourism practices and women empowerment. The study will also provide recommendations to strengthen policies and programs that encourage women’s participation in tourism, thereby contributing to sustainable development and inclusive economic growth in Kollam district.
Cultivating Consciousness: Experiential Learning and Gendered Awakening in Doris Lessing’s “Flavours of Exile”
Doris Lessing’s centenary has reignited scholarly interest in her literary and philosophical contributions, particularly her nuanced engagement with education as a site of ideological resistance and personal transformation. This paper argues that Lessing’s concern with informal, experiential learning, especially in the context of colonial Africa, was not incidental but central to her broader critique of patriarchal and colonial systems. Drawing on her African short stories as a primary corpus, this study focuses on “Flavours of Exile,” in which a family’s vegetable garden becomes a symbolic and literal space of learning. The narrative foregrounds the emotional and intellectual awakening of a young girl, whose engagement with nature, desire, and disappointment constitutes a form of gendered autonomy. Through postcolonial and feminist lenses, the story is read as a meditation on the limitations of formal colonial education and the liberatory potential of embodied, place-based learning. Lessing’s portrayal of the female subject in transition, caught between inherited norms and emerging selfhood, offers a compelling vision of learning as liberation and gathering experience, where knowledge is not merely acquired but lived, resisted, and reclaimed.
Vocational Training Practices and Beneficiary Satisfaction in Jan Shikshan Sansthan Centres of Manipur
Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) is a vocational training initiative that enhances livelihood opportunities for socially and economically disadvantaged groups through skill development programmes. In this context, the present study examines vocational training practices and beneficiary satisfaction in two JSS centres in Manipur, covering three courses—Beauty and Wellness, Food Processing, and Apparel Making. The study is based on primary data collected from 150 beneficiaries using a structured questionnaire and an interview schedule, comprising biographic details and four dimensions: training process, training environment, satisfaction level, and problems faced,measured on a five-point Likert scale. The findings indicate that beneficiaries perceived the course content as understandable, the trainers as effective in explaining the lessons, and the practical training as adequate. A strong positive association was observed between training process variables and overall satisfaction, and the training environment also contributed positively. Although specific concerns were reported regarding duration, materials, and infrastructure, these did not significantly reduce overall satisfaction. No statistically significant differences were found across centres or courses, suggesting consistency in programme implementation. The study underscores the importance of structured instructional practices and meaningful practical exposure in enhancing beneficiary outcomes in vocational skill development programmes.
Mapping of Research Productivity on Heutagogy in Education: A Scientometric Analysis
In the row of Pedagogy, Andragogy and Heutagogy are the teaching and learning methods in the field of teacher education. After 2000 the Heutagogy in education slowly developed outside India. This study has 355 articles published in 275 sources and finds out 2021 has more papers published, got 3.27 percent average citation per article from 2007 to 2022, Na Na is the most prolific author to published papers in Heutagogy. This study also found that the International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning journal is the top journal of publications in heutagogy, Australas. Soc. Comput. Learn. Tert. Education (2007) got more citations (366) of the article, Auckland University of Technology has published more articles (23) in Heutagogy, Australia is the leading country to get more citations (830) of the articles.
Determinants of Employee Attrition in the Organized Retail Sector: Evidence from Bangalore City
In the organized retail sector, employee attrition is a serious issue that jeopardizes productivity, service quality, and performance. The study looks into the factors that drive employee attrition in retail organizations in the City of Bangalore. The study involved the development of structured questionnaires to collect primary data from 180 employees involved in the organized retail sector in relation to issues such as job gratification, remuneration, career advancement, work-life stability, and culture within the organization. Correlation and regression are conducted for statistical analysis to ascertain the most important employee attrition predictors. The study investigates the influence of recompense, career mentorship, and work-life stability on employee attrition in the organized retail sector in Bangalore, while job satisfaction and organizational culture influence employee attrition predictions. The study recommends actionable inputs for HR managers to develop strategies for targeted retention efforts and stabilizing workforce relationships in the competitive retail market in Bangalore.
Personalization, Trust, and Interactivity in Digital Media Advertising: An Integrated Model of Consumer Purchase Intentions
The rapid growth of digital media platforms has reshaped advertising, facilitating new levels of customized content, two-way communication, and audience involvement. While prior research has examined advertising value, personalization, or trust in isolation, few studies have integrated these dimensions into a unified framework to explain consumers’ purchase intentions. This study addresses this gap by developing and testing a structural equation model that incorporates personalization intensity, trust mechanisms, and interactivity as mutually reinforcing drivers. Data from 200 active social media users were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicate that all three factors significantly predict purchase intention. Personalization exerts both a direct and an indirect effect mediated by trust. Furthermore, interactivity moderates the relationship between advertising value and purchase intention, amplifying its positive influence under high engagement. The model explains 64% of the variance in purchase intentions, offering theoretical contributions and actionable insights for designing consumer-centric campaigns.
"Bridging the Gap: Analyzing Consumer Buying Behaviour and Satisfaction in Fashion Retailing – A Study of Madurai District"
Consumer buying behavior and satisfaction in fashion retailing have been widely studied in metropolitan areas, but limited research exists on regional markets like Madurai District. This paper conducts a bibliometric analysis and secondary data evaluation to identify key trends, gaps, and influencing factors in consumer decision-making. The study explores brand preferences, digital vs. offline shopping, sustainability concerns, and promotional impacts. Findings reveal that cultural shopping habits, local brand affinity, and hybrid shopping behaviors significantly influence consumer satisfaction in Madurai. The study offers recommendations for retailers and policymakers to enhance consumer engagement and retail strategies.
Colour Narratives in Tamil Cinema: A Chromatic Analysis of the Movie Petta
Color in Tamil cinema goes beyond being an element of visual spectacle; it is also a powerful medium of symbolic communication shaping narrative and audience perspective. This research paper analyses the usage of color in Karthik Subbaraj’s movie Petta (2019) through Richard Misek’s framework on chromatic cinema, which emphasizes the evolution of color grading in the cinema history and the conscious decisions filmmakers make regarding its deliberate usage in the film making (Misek, 2010). This study analyzes how colors are used in the movie Petta to distinguish temporalities—contrasting flashbacks with the present—to construct various visual atmospheres, external environments, and emotions such as anger, nostalgia, and mystery. By analyzing these visual strategies, the paper argues that color serves as a tool for narrative enhancement and depth of theme, character development while enriching viewer experience. Furthermore, situating movie Petta within the larger context of Tamil cinema’s innovations, this research demonstrates how commercial films integrate nuanced visual theory into mainstream storytelling.
Cultural Conformity Vs. Agency: Representations of the Modern Woman in Bollywood Cinema
Cinema being the most powerful tool in shaping and reinforcing the values of society, also creates space for change and new identities. In India, Hindi cinema the so called Bollywood, having a wide range of audience plays an influential role in the cultural industry especially in the representation of the society particularly on how women are seen — both within families and in wider social life. The study is grounded on how film portrays the conflict between inherited tradition and contemporary assertions of individuality, especially for women who are caught between cultural expectations and their own sense of freedom. The research explores how Bollywood continues to build the image of the “ideal bahu/beti” while also presenting women as independent figures, and what contradictions or compromises appear in these portrayals. The research focuses on women’s struggles for dignity and autonomy in cinematic spaces, and considers how their independence is often framed within traditional boundaries. Analysing through qualitative methodology by purposefully sampling across the post-feminist period. The study adopts Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA) to interpret visuals and dialogues to understand the underlying patterns. The study aims to trace how women’s agency is portrayed in layered ways — whether it leans toward cultural conformity or gestures toward resistance. The Bollywood narratives, while often tying empowerment to tradition, also open up moments of challenge that allow us to rethink what it means to be a “modern woman” today.
An Analysis on the Participation of Bicycle Users Under the Government Schemes in and Around Tiruchirappalli District
This study reveals the participation of bicycle users to promote cycling. In India, the usage of bicycles in several ways like primary transportation, relaxation, fitness, and social status. In addition, the government has to be encouraging cycling among the people to improve society in economic and environmental ways. There are several schemes for developing the culture of using the bicycle more than the motorized vehicles. The importance of female users using the bicycle rather than the males are significantly needed to develop the society. The study was conducted in and around Tiruchirappalli over 46 active cyclists are a response to the questionnaire. As a result, the female is predominately using the bicycle to reach the educational institute like schools, colleges, etc., with this the also able to get the depends upon the qualification. This will directly make an impact on the economic growth of the family and the society by adding the advantage of maintaining the environment as emission-free.
A Study on Work- Life Balance of Working Couples in Trichy
Work-Life balance is one of the most significant aspects in the life of working couples. In today’s competitive and ever demanding workplace striking a cord between responsibilities at work and home becomes an extremely difficult task. Work-life balance refers to the synchronization between accountabilities at the workplace and other roles and responsibilities of the personal life that are important to individuals. In an ideal situation there should be a perfect balance between the time spent at work and home, but in reality this seems to be practically impossible. When conflict arises between these couples, it has adverse consequences for both employees and organisation. These shuffling dual roles may prevent representatives both married and unmarried to contribute optimally to the organisation because of time pressure and expanded levels of stress and emotional burnout. The data are collected through questionnaire and the sampling technique is Disproportional sampling technique. For measurable investigations, SPSS-25 version used and Statistical tools like percentage analysis, ANOVA, Correlation, Chi-square and ‘t’ test applied. The findings were based on the Research hypothesis, demographic profile and various dimensions of work-life balance of working couples. Suggestions and Conclusion are based on these findings. This paper aims on the work-life balance of working couples in Trichy.
A Foucauldian Analysis of Henrik Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People: A Poststructuralist Perspective
Post structuralism took literature in a whirlwind by shaking its foundational theories and implementing new ideas that there is no fixed or singular meaning of a work, but constructed socially and are unstable. Michael Foucault, a key figure in post structuralism, was an eye-opener in the realm of power relation, knowledge & discourse. His concepts stood the test of time and are relevant up to the modern times. Henrik Ibsen, the father of modern drama, challenged conventions and customs in his plays. A Foucauldian analysis of literature helps in deconstructing power or knowledge and investigating discursive formations. This paper aims to bring out the power dynamics and structures that govern the society in the play through a poststructuralist perspective.
The Complexity of Relationships in Vijay Tendulkar’s Kamala
In the past few decades, drama in Indian languages has grown a lot. In the post-independence period, modern Indian play in English presents a stark depiction of social and political reality. Vijay Tendulkar is the most prolific and controversial playwright among Indian playwrights who wrote after independence. Tendulkar’s plays have covered a wide range of topics, from relationships between men and women to new takes on events in history, society and politics. His plays focus on various facets of human nature and the intricacies of interpersonal relationships. He was captivated by the violent interaction between the exploited and the exploiter, as well as between husbands and wives, brothers and sisters and lovers and beloveds. Women are very important in his plays. Most of the women in his novels come from lower and middle-class households, like housewives, instructors, mistresses, daughters, slaves and servants. These women provide a lot of different emotions and socioeconomic classes to the plays.
Socio-Social Issues of Multicultural India and Indian Reality in Chetan Bhagat’s Novels
A Fusion of Realism in Indian English Literature: A Milestone to the Modern World Indian English Literature is an initiative to highlight the rare gems of Indian writing in English. Indian English has evolved from a fascinating native eruption into a new type of Indian culture and the voice through which India communicates. Indian writers have now resorted to English to demonstrate to the world that they have the ability and intellectual capability to express themselves, and most importantly, they want to reveal India and Indianness as they see it and mark their presence in Western society.
A Journey of Shadows and Light: A Diaspora Perspective on Anita Rau Badami’s “The Hero’s Walk”
This paper is an attempt to articulate the tapestry of human relationships as woven by Anita Rau Badami in her poignant novel ‘The Hero’s Walk’. Set between the sun-drenched streets of India and the alien landscapes of Canada, the narrative follows the perspectives of two characters with different surroundings and cultural milieus. Badami has divided each chapter from the point of view of Sripathi Rao, a fifty-seven-year-old man, alongside the narrative of his seven-year-old granddaughter, Nandana. Both the old Sripathi and the young Nandana are grappling with the echoes of culture and searching for belonging. Through their intertwined journeys, Badami illuminates the nuanced struggles of the diaspora experience, where past and present converge in unexpected ways.
Oppressed Women in Vijay Tendulkar’s in Silence! The Court is in Session.
This paper is to explore about delineation of women in Indian society by the patriarchy and subjugation of women in all her stages as daughter, wife and mother. In Vijay Tendulkar’s plays, he has explored discrimination, oppression, sexual objectification, patriarchy and stereotyping. He presents a world dominated by men. He voices for women and creates historical women characters in his plays. Tendulkar portrays the darker aspects of human existence in Silence! The Court is in Session. He is a realistic observer and social critique who delineates the struggles of middle class and marginalized Indian society. His plays are vividly brought to the readers without neglecting violence, misuse of power, domestic cruelty and moral decay. The present article deals with status of women in Vijay Tendulkar’s Silence! The Court is in Session.
Female Genital Mutilation as Cultural Practice in Alice Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy
Language shows identities in three ways: first, through the categories and labels that people use to show their belongingness; second, through the indexed ways of speaking and acting that people use to show their belongingness; and third, through the interpretations that others make of those indices. Part of shared culture is being able to see and understand the indexes. Everyone has a set of identities that includes national, ethnic, religious, generational and gender identities, as well as socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, profession and different levels of belonging to groups that are below and above the nation. The novel Possessing the Secret of Joy looks at how personal experiences and the long-term repercussions of colonialism are connected. It looks at how cultural practices are changed by outside forces and how they change them.
Rethinking Tertiary Speaking Skill Development through Edutainment in a Technology-Driven Age
Higher education language learning methods have been drastically altered by the increasing use of digital technologies. This study investigates how the use of edutainment in a technologically advanced age can enhance the development of speaking skills among postsecondary students. The study explores how interactive digital tools, game-based learning, and multimedia platforms can provide students with relevant and interesting opportunities to practice oral communication, going beyond traditional classroom methods. It makes the case that edutainment encourages confidence, spontaneity, and active engagement in speaking assignments in addition to lowering students' fear. The study emphasizes how incorporating fun into education helps close the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical communication, based on student reactions and classroom observations. The results imply that students are more inclined to experiment with language and openly express their thoughts when they are in a laid-back yet intentional learning setting. The study comes to the conclusion that the typical language classroom may be transformed into a dynamic setting that fosters communicative competence and gets students ready for interactions in the real world by carefully incorporating edutainment tactics.
Influence of Brand Equity on the Customers’ Preference of Smartphones in Madurai District
In this modern era of technology smartphone plays a crucial role in our day-to-day life. In such a case customers would like to choose a better brand for their use. Brand means an individual identity created by a company in the minds of the customers. There are four elements of branding they are ‘Brand Identity, Brand Image, Brand Equity and Brand Positioning’. Brand equity generates revenue to the company by means of brand recognition. In this article, the study has been done to know how the brand equity influence the purchase behavior of the customers. Structured questionnaire has been used to collect data from 100 respondents. The study has been conducted in Madurai district. Simple percentage analysis and chi square test are used in this study.
Forecast-Based Uncertainty and Risk Analysis of Major Cereal Production in Tamil Nadu
Reliable cereal production forecasting is essential for effective agricultural planning; however, point forecasts alone do not adequately capture the uncertainty associated with future output. This study evaluates forecast uncertainty and production risk across major cereals using forecast-derived measures rather than model re-estimation. Forecasted production values for paddy, sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, and maize over the period 2025–2029 were analysed using prediction interval–based indicators and dispersion measures. Forecast uncertainty was quantified through the width of prediction intervals and relative uncertainty measures, while production risk was assessed using the coefficient of variation and a composite risk index. The results reveal substantial variation in forecast-induced risk across cereals. Paddy and maize exhibit relatively stable forecasted production with low variability and risk indices, indicating lower exposure to uncertainty. In contrast, pearl millet and sorghum show higher relative uncertainty and elevated risk levels, reflecting greater vulnerability to production fluctuations. Finger millet displays moderate risk characteristics. The findings demonstrate that cereals differ markedly in their exposure to forecast uncertainty, largely due to variability in cultivated area and production scale. By emphasizing uncertainty-aware evaluation, the study provides a practical framework for comparing cereals under risk and supports informed, crop-specific policy interventions aimed at enhancing resilience in cereal production systems.
Scientometric Analysis of Knowledge Management: Research Productivity and Collaborative Authorship
The study focuses on the Scientometric analysis of "Knowledge Management" as a published book. The data is gathered from the Web of Science Databases for the years 2003 through 2022. The Web of Science database revealed a total of 3068 papers. According to the report, the majority of researchers decided to publish their findings in journals, and more papers were published in 2022. The trend in authorship indicates that out of the 3068 pieces of writing written, single authors accounted for 7.89% and multiple authors for 92.11%. The total number of 33568 articles has been provided by 3000 authors. Additional evaluations of coverage growth rates, the most prolific authors, the degree of collaboration, and the study's focus areas are also acknowledged and citation in this study.
Breaking the Gender Stereotype in Deborah Ellis's The Breadwinner
This paper explores the nature and performance of the portrayal of female masculinity in an award- winning young adult novel "The Breadwinner" by Deborah Ellis featuring the female protagonists Parvana and Shauzia. The book is set in the tumultuous backdrop of Afghanistan under the Taliban regime. The book offers a compelling narrative that challenges traditional gender roles and norms, providing a lens through which to examine the multifaceted nature of masculinity. The theory of masculinity was always associated with men until the emergence of female masculinity which changed the traditional concept of masculinity. Through character analysis of female characters, this paper delves into, how the male figures in the story navigate their roles and identities amidst a repressive society. It investigates the impact of masculinity on female characters, highlighting the book's subtle yet powerful message about the fluidity of gender roles and the potential for reimagining masculinity in the face of adversity. Through the qualitative research method and content analysis, this paper aims to prove that women also have masculinity traits with the theory proposed on female masculinity by Judith Halberstam and masculinity traits explained by Hofstede. By analyzing the book within its socio-cultural context, this paper sheds light on the broader implications of "The Breadwinner" for contemporary discussions on gender and the redefinition of masculinity in diverse and challenging circumstances. Ultimately, it underscores the transformative power of literature in challenging and reshaping societal perceptions of masculinity and proves that masculinity can be performed with confidence, hidden emotions, aggressions, power, domination and the absence of male body form.
Negotiating Global Aspirations and Cultural Duties in the Works of Sudha Murty
This paper examines Negotiating Global Aspirations and Cultural Duties in the Works of Sudha Murty, focusing on the complex experiences of women who balance personal ambitions with deeply rooted cultural responsibilities. Sudha Murty’s narratives portray middle-class Indian women navigating the pressures of globalization, education, and professional growth while remaining bound to familial expectations, traditional values, and social ethics. Her female characters often stand at the crossroads of modern opportunities and inherited duties, negotiating rather than rejecting the cultural frameworks that shape their lives. Through themes of migration, moral responsibility, marriage, motherhood, and social service, Murty highlights the subtle yet powerful ways women assert agency within conventional structures. Instead of dramatic rebellion, her protagonists demonstrate resilience, ethical strength, and pragmatic adaptation in reconciling global exposure with local belonging. This study argues that Murty’s writing reflects a form of grounded feminism that harmonizes aspiration with responsibility, thereby presenting a nuanced vision of contemporary Indian womanhood in a transnational context.
Investment Flows and Growth Performance: A Study of India’s FDI-Development Linkages
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has emerged as a pivotal driver of global economic integration, serving as a vital instrument for accelerating economic growth, structural transformation and modernization. In the Indian context, understanding the evolution of FDI inflows and their correlation with economic performance has gained prominence since the initiation of liberalization reforms in 1991. This study seeks to analyze the trends and patterns of FDI inflows into India from 1991–92 to 2022–23 and to examine their relationship with the nation’s economic growth during the same period. Employing quantitative data sourced from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), the World Bank, and UNCTAD, the research investigates how policy reforms and economic liberalization have reshaped India’s investment landscape. Key policy milestones—such as the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the “Make in India” initiative—have significantly bolstered investor confidence and stimulated growth across manufacturing, services and information technology sectors. The study further highlights regional investment disparities, revealing that metropolitan hubs such as Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Delhi attract the majority of foreign capital, while peripheral regions continue to lag behind. Empirical findings indicate that FDI inflows expanded remarkably from USD 0.8 billion in 1991–92 to nearly USD 82 billion by 2021–23, corresponding with notable improvements in macroeconomic indicators—GDP growth surged from 1.1% to 5.5%, inflation declined from 13% to 6.2% and employment generation increased from 0.5 million to 12 million during the same period. The analysis, implemented through Python-based econometric modelling, underscores a strong positive linkage between FDI inflows and economic growth.
Determinants of Investment Decisions in Post Office Savings Schemes Among Self-Financing College Faculty: Evidence from Tiruchirappalli
The aspect of investment behaviour is very important in the attainment of financial security and long term economic stability of individuals. Post Office Savings Schemes are regarded as one of the safest government-assured investment schemes in India, and it is also the ideal choice of investors who are interested in safety and guaranteed returns. The reason is that the current research investigates the factors that affect investment choices in Post Office Savings Schemes with self-financing college faculty in Tiruchirappalli. Income level, financial literacy, perceived risk, and the expected returns are some of the factors that are studied as part of the research on investment behaviour. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire that provided information about 384 faculty members employed in self-financing colleges. The statistical tools that included ANOVA, correlation, regression, and mediation were used to analyse the data that was collected. The findings have a positive impact on the level of income in relation to investment behaviour of faculty members. The correlation study shows that there is a strong positive relationship between the financial literacy and investment behaviour. Findings of regression indicate that, financial literacy and anticipated returns have a positive evaluation on investment choices, though perceived risk has a negative assortment on investment in Post Office Savings Scheme. Moreover, mediation analysis demonstrates that financial literacy does mediate the relationship between the income level and the investment behaviour. The research concludes that increased participation in Post Office Savings Schemes amongst the academic professionals can be improved by increasing their level of financial literacy and awareness. The study results give a valuable glimpse to the policymakers and financial institutions in encouraging small saving among the salaried individuals and enhancing financial security among them.
Prevalence of Life Style Factors and Life Style Diseases among Urban Population in Palakkad
Lifestyle diseases, also known as non-communicable diseases (NCDs), have become a major health concern in India. They are largely influenced by poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyles, smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, and environmental factors. These conditions—such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity—are often preventable through healthier lifestyle choices, regular physical activity, and effective stress management. Despite government and healthcare efforts to promote awareness and prevention, challenges like urbanization, changing diets, and limited awareness persist. This study aimed to assess the awareness of urban residents in Palakkad district regarding lifestyle diseases and their associated risk factors. Using a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory design, a structured questionnaire was administered to 100 respondents from Palakkad city. Data on socio-demographics, smoking, alcohol use, junk food consumption, physical activity, and history of lifestyle diseases were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that 80% of respondents were aware of lifestyle-related risk factors, and 85% had been affected by such diseases for over five years. Diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol were most common. Significant correlations were found between tobacco use, alcohol intake, junk food consumption, and obesity with lifestyle diseases.
An Economic Study of Household Solid Waste Management in Mayiladuthurai Taluk
The situation of environment is a deciding factor that determines the quality of life. The quality of life depends upon the conditions of the surroundings of houses, the pollution level of environment and also the availability of essential facilities to maintain proper and efficient solid waste management. In recent times due to the rapid urbanization and the increase in the per capita income the quality of life has improved. Even though unsanitary conditions and inadequate facilities have made living conditions more miserable especially in the urban regions. The environmental health is affected by population growth, economic development, social attitudes, lavish lifestyles and rapid industrialization. The study has used the primary data from 210 households on the basis of Random Sampling technique and the secondary data are collected from various reports of central and state pollution control board. By analyzing the data, it was found that factors such as household income, expenditure, employment and ownership of house affect the household’s willingness to pay. To an extent, this study identifies the problems related to the current solid waste management and suggests some policy implications for efficient and effective solid waste management.
Leveraging Social Media Engagement Metrics to Supercharge the Brand Promotion Strategies and Drive Lasting Customer Relationships
This study analyzes the relationship between social media engagement metrics and brand loyalty, distinguishing between platforms and the mediating effect of customer satisfaction. A mixed-methods approach was employed to gather data on social media engagement (likes, comments, shares), customer satisfaction, and brand loyalty among consumers. The results reveal a positive relationship between social media engagement and brand loyalty, with Instagram representing the most effective platform for fostering loyalty. Furthermore, customer satisfaction mediated the relationship between engagement and loyalty. This study highlights the significance of developing optimal involvement strategies in social media, especially on visually driven social media, focusing on customer satisfaction to establish an enduring relationship between the brand and the customer.
Tracing the Influence of John Dewey’s Experiential Learning Philosophy on Hands-on Approaches in English Language Teaching
The research article investigates the foundational influence of John Dewey’s experiential learning philosophy on the evolution of hands-on approaches in English Language Teaching (ELT). While David A. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) provides a structured, cyclical model of learning, this article argues that Dewey’s principle of learning by doing implies learning through experience, which serves as the epistemological foundation for contemporary communicative and task-based pedagogies (Dewey, 1938; Kolb, 1984). Employing a qualitative methodology that integrates historical analysis and systematic literature synthesis of indexed sources, the study traces the theoretical and pedagogical continuity from Dewey to modern ELT approaches, such as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), Project-Based Learning (PBL), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Gamification. The findings reveal that these approaches embody core experiential constructs such as experience, reflection, interaction, and application; thereby reinforcing learner-centred pedagogy. The study contributes a conceptual framework positioning Deweyan philosophy as the foundational driver of experiential practices in ELT and offers implications for curriculum design, teacher education, and future research.
Addressing Gender and War in Sudha Murthy’s Novel “House of Cards”
The Purpose of the Paper is to Study the Gender and War in Sudha Murthy’s Novel House of Cards. Several Indian novelists exposed the real picture of Indian Society and how women are oppressed. Indian English novels revealed the struggle of Indian women to create their own identity. House of Cards is the story of Mridula, a bright young woman with enormous enthusiasm for life who hails from a Karnataka village. A chance meeting with Sanjay, a talented but impoverished doctor, leads to love and the couple marry and settle in Bangalore. The more Mridula sees of the world, the more she realizes how selfish and materialistic people can be, but she does not take the ups and downs of life to heart and lives each day with positive energy. Trouble brews when Sanjay quits his government job and starts an immensely successful private practice. With affluence come the neverending ambition for more and the inevitable slide into corrupt practices. For a long time, Mridula has no idea that Sanjay has sold his soul. When the truth hits her, she has no recourse but to walk out on him, but can she really find a space of her own? This intricately woven novel explores human relationships in telling detail and holds up a mirror to our society with candour and with conviction.
Cultural Bridges and Gender Battles in The Breadwinner
This paper explores Cultural Translation and Gender Politics in The Breadwinner by Deborah Ellis, examining how the novel represents Afghan society through the lens of cross-cultural narration and gendered oppression. Set during the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, the narrative presents the struggles of a young girl forced to disguise herself as a boy in order to survive within a rigidly patriarchal system. The study investigates how cultural experiences are translated for a global readership and how such translation shapes perceptions of Afghan women, Islam, and political conflict. Through the framework of cultural translation and gender theory, the paper analyzes the power dynamics embedded in representation, questioning who speaks for whom and how authority is constructed in transnational storytelling. While the novel raises awareness about gender injustice and political repression, it also participates in broader discourses that mediate Eastern realities for Western audiences. By applying a critical perspective, this study highlights the intersections of language, ideology, and gender politics in the construction of cultural narratives within contemporary children’s literature.
An Overview of Women Empowerment in India and Africa
Women’s empowerment and gender equality concepts are important in fostering heal and human development. Empowerment describes the process of change wherein an individual and prior inability to choose has the access and freedom to make choices. Gender equality is achieved when both men and women enjoy the same socio-economic rights and opportunities and have equal access to education, heal care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes. Gender equality can be effectively achieved through empowerment, comprising three broad categories, namely agency, resources, achievements, etc. The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the state to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. All forms of violence against women, physical and mental, whether at domestic at domestic or social levels, including those arising from customs, traditions or accepted practices shall be dealt with effectively with a view to eliminate its incidence, institutions and mechanisms/schemes for assistance will be created and strengthened for prevention of such violence, including sexual harassment at work place and customs like dowry. For rehabilitation of victims of violence and for taking effective action against the perpetrators of such violence and for taking effective actions against the perpetrators of such violence. A special emphasis will also be laid on programmes and measure to deal with trafficking in women and girls.
Self-Discovery of Women in Margret Lawrence's Novels
Canadian literature is characterized by the pursuit of national identity. The identity crisis in Canada is a subject that is quickly gaining prominence and vigor. The causes and circumstances that have thwarted attempts to resolve the identification question have been carefully considered. The quest for Margaret Laurence's heroines' individualization offers a framework for thinking on the sense of discontinuity and displacement brought about by Canada's colonial past. It creates a feeling of insufficiency and inadequacy that hinders the development of a complete and appropriate identity.Margret Lawrence explored her heroines’ rebellion against a confining small-town heritage in her “Manawaka novels”: The Stone Angel, A Jest of God, The Diviners, This Side Jordan these novel examines how the old colonials and indigenous Africans suffered in Ghana and gained independence. Laurence’s novels are set in Canada and focus on women struggles.
Therapeutic Scope of Panchakarma in Childhood Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Kaumarbhritya, one of the eight primary branches of Ayurveda, encompasses comprehensive management of pediatric disorders, with Panchakarma offering significant therapeutic potential in various childhood conditions despite misconceptions regarding its pediatric applicability. This review systematically examines the classical foundations, clinical applications, and evidence-based scope of Panchakarma procedures in managing pediatric disorders. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, DHARA Online, AYUSH Research Portal, and Google Scholar (2000-2024), along with classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita). Studies reporting clinical outcomes of Panchakarma interventions in children (0-18 years) were included. The review identified 47 relevant publications including 3 clinical trials, 12 case series, 8 case reports, and 24 conceptual reviews. Evidence demonstrates successful applications in cerebral palsy (4 studies, n=127 children showing 19-21% improvement in motor functions), neurodevelopmental disorders (cognitive enhancement in 3 studies), muscular dystrophies (quality of life improvement in 2 studies), and respiratory conditions. Key procedures include Matra Basti (8-15 days), Nasya (7-30 days), and modified Vamana-Virechana protocols with age-specific modifications, dose calculations (one-fourth to one-half of adult dose), and established safety protocols. Panchakarma offers significant therapeutic potential in pediatric disorders when applied with proper understanding of classical principles and appropriate modifications, with evidence supporting its application in cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disorders, and respiratory conditions. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are warranted.
Revisiting Oligo-Astheno-Teratozoospermia in Male Infertility: An Integrative Ayurvedic Review
Male infertility contributes to nearly half of infertility cases worldwide. One of the most clinically significant seminal abnormalities is Oligo-Astheno-Teratozoospermia (OAT), characterized by decreased sperm concentration, reduced motility, and abnormal morphology. Contemporary management largely depends on assisted reproductive technologies; however, these methods frequently bypass the underlying pathophysiological defects. Ayurveda explains male reproductive physiology through the concept of Shukra Dhatu (reproductive tissue responsible for fertility) and describes seminal abnormalities under Shukra-dushti (vitiation of semen). Among these, Ksheena Shukra (quantitative and qualitative depletion of semen) shows conceptual similarity with OAT. The present review evaluates classical Ayurvedic literature and modern biomedical research to explore the correlation between OAT and Shukra-dushti. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, DHARA, and the AYUSH Research Portal. A total of 86 records were identified, of which 17 studies were included after screening. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress, endocrine dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances play significant roles in OAT pathogenesis. Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches including Shodhana (purificatory therapies), Vajikarana (aphrodisiac therapy), and Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) aim to restore reproductive physiology and improve semen parameters. Integrating Ayurvedic concepts with modern andrology may provide a comprehensive approach for the management of male infertility.
Reimagining Divinity: Narrative Strategies and Thematic Innovations in Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy
Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy, comprising The Immortals of Meluha (2010), The Secret of the Nagas (2011), and The Oath of the Vayuputras (2013), marks a significant turning point in contemporary Indian mythological fiction. This paper offers a critical analysis of the trilogy with attention to narrative strategies, character reinterpretations, thematic concerns, and socio-cultural impact. By reimagining the Hindu god Shiva as a historically grounded human figure who evolves into a divine entity through his actions, Tripathi challenges conventional mythological representations and introduces a modern and rational framework for understanding divinity. Drawing on theories of myth reinterpretation and popular fiction, the study examines how the trilogy blends traditional mythological elements with contemporary socio-political discourse. Themes such as dharma, moral ambiguity, governance, and environmental ethics are explored within the narrative and reflect present-day concerns. The trilogy’s accessible language, fast-paced storytelling, and philosophical undertones contribute to its wide appeal and bridge the gap between classical mythology and modern readership. The paper argues that the trilogy democratizes mythology by making it relevant and relatable to a broad audience. Through the deconstruction of binary oppositions such as good and evil, the narrative presents a nuanced moral universe. The study concludes that the trilogy revitalizes mythological storytelling and redefines the role of mythology in contemporary cultural discourse.
Power, Patriarchy, and Moral Collapse in Vijay Tendulkar’s His Fifth Woman and The Vultures
This paper critically examines Vijay Tendulkar’s plays His Fifth Woman and The Vultures through the lenses of patriarchy, violence, and moral disintegration. Tendulkar’s dramatic works reveal the darker dimensions of human relationships, particularly the systemic oppression of women and the normalization of violence within familial and social structures. By employing psychological realism, symbolic representation, and stark characterization, the playwright critiques the socio-cultural frameworks that enable exploitation. This paper further incorporates feminist and sociological perspectives to argue that Tendulkar’s works remain profoundly relevant in contemporary discourse, as they expose the enduring nature of gender inequality and ethical decay in modern society.
A Comparative Study of Henrik Ibsen's The Pillars of Society and Cho. S. Ramasamy's Sambhavaami Yuge Yuge
Comparative literature is a unique branch of literature where literature across countries can be compared and also the relationship between literature and other areas of arts and belief can be studied. It proves a good tool to move beyond boundaries and promote universality. In this paper, a comparative study of Henrik Ibsen's The Pillars of Society and Cho. S. Ramasamy's Sambhavaami Yuge Yuge is done to bring to limelight their similar kind of treatment of social evils in the plays. Their detestation of corruption is exposed in their works. So, this comparative study will highlight the similarities in the social consciousness of the two authors and their satirical manner of dealing with social evils.
Income Uncertainty and Heterogeneous Labour Supply Responses: The Role of Risk Preference Among Gig Workers in India
This paper examines how income uncertainty shapes labour supply decisions among platform-based gig workers in India, with explicit attention to the moderating role of individual risk preferences. Using primary survey data collected from 200 gig economy workers across Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Mumbai — spanning ride-hailing, delivery, and freelancing platforms — we construct individual-level income volatility measures and elicit risk preferences through a combination of the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale and a behavioural lottery task. Our core finding is that responses to income uncertainty are strongly heterogeneous and systematically mediated by risk attitudes. Risk-averse workers exhibit a pronounced buffer-stock labour supply response: a one standard deviation increase in income volatility raises weekly hours by approximately 12.7 hours (OLS) and 16.2 hours (IV), consistent with precautionary labour supply theory. Risk-tolerant workers, by contrast, show a modest negative or null response, suggesting they substitute uncertainty with optimised job selection rather than hours expansion. Platform diversification — measured by the number of platforms a worker simultaneously participates in — follows a similar heterogeneous pattern. Two-stage least squares estimates using platform rating variance as an instrument for income uncertainty confirm causal identification and yield estimates broadly consistent with OLS. Subgroup analyses reveal that income-education and platform-type heterogeneities further amplify these patterns, with low-education and ride-hailing workers displaying the largest precautionary responses. Robustness checks using quantile regression, Tobit, and Heckman selection models corroborate our main findings. These results carry important implications for gig-platform design, social insurance architecture, and the welfare of informal workers in emerging economies.
Prediction of Water Resources in Marathwada Region using Spatial Data Analysis
The Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India, is chronically afflicted by hydrological droughts and severe water scarcity, posing significant challenges to its agro-based economy. Effective water resource management requires accurate, timely, and accessible data. This research addresses the critical gap between complex geospatial data and an actionable understanding of water availability for local stakeholders. This study integrates Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and spatial data mining (SDM) techniques to identify, analyze, and predict standing water resources across the Marathwada region. Primary data was acquired from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, while secondary data included digitized maps and meteorological records. Water bodies were extracted using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and subsequently vectorized to create a comprehensive spatial database. Data mining algorithms, including Decision Tree (DT), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were employed for classification and predictive modeling. The results yielded a detailed, district-wise inventory of standing water resources, quantifying their number and surface area. A comparative analysis of the algorithms demonstrated that the Artificial Neural Network model achieved the highest classification accuracy (94.2%) in predicting water body persistence. The generated non-spatial tabular data provides an accessible resource for farmers and policymakers, facilitating informed decision-making for sustainable agriculture and water resource allocation. This work demonstrates the efficacy of a hybrid SDM-GIS approach in transforming raw satellite data into a valuable knowledge base for regional water management.
Delineation of the Indian Army through Kiran Garud in Malgonkar’s Distant Drum
Indian novels are a synthesis of pre-colonial India and people's thoughts during British rule, the country's long period of independence struggle and a longing for identity. Manohar Malgonkar is a well-known and prolific author. Malgonkar's paintings are charged with energy and he has established his own material and reality. An author's life, in general, impacts what he writes. Malgonkar as one of India's most autobiographical writers has delved into every part of his own experience and intimate knowledge and has explained them in an accurate manner. In Distant Drum, Kiran Garud is the hero and young man with a commanding presence. Distant Drum is a recounting of the hero, Kiran Garud's self-realization journey and an explanation of a success story. It is a human story of struggle and success, culminating in the hero Kiran Garud's eventual achievement of his goal.
Rethinking Creativity: AI’s Impact on Human Authorship in Literature
The advent of AI-generated literature is fundamentally reshaping the landscape for human writers, prompting a critical examination of ownership, artistic expression, and the very future of the profession. Artificial intelligence, with its capacity to process vast amounts of text, generate engaging narratives, and mimic diverse human writing styles, presents both significant opportunities and profound challenges. While AI-produced content currently lacks the nuanced emotional depth and genuine insight characteristic of human authorship, it can serve as a powerful tool for research, content outlines, and editorial assistance. However, its increasing prevalence also ignites serious concerns regarding job displacement for human authors, the potential for skewed research, and a broader devaluation of human creative contributions. As the line between human and machine-generated innovation blurs, a synergistic approach, where AI acts as an enhancer rather than a replacement for human creativity, promises to unlock new literary forms. This study argues that the enduring value of human authorship lies in its irreplaceable contribution to the richness and complexity of our literary heritage.
Memory And Identity: A Postcolonial Reading of M. G. Vassanji’s Novel Nostalgia
G. Vassanji is a Kenyan-born Canadian novelist and editor. His parents immigrated to Africa even before Vassanji was born. Although Vassanji was born in Kenya, he was raised in Tanzania. He is now settled in Canada. He has travelled to different countries and has acquired different diasporic experiences in the postcolonial world. Most of his works, in general, portray the colonial and the postcolonial world. His novel Nostalgia is one such speculative novel that brings to light the other side of the technologically advanced postcolonial world. The advancement of technology aimed to support mankind had begun to manipulate human lives and values. Nostalgia tries to unveil the lives of immigrants who try to identify themselves in their mad pursuit of life. They are stuck between reality and made-to-believe life. The consequences of the “in between-life” are woven throughout the plot of the novel. The postcolonial period has seen so much growth and development in technology and the economy. But, on the other side, human values are on the verge of being forgotten. This article will analyse some of those instances from the novel Nostalgia to validate the importance of unveiling the concealed side of the technologically advanced postcolonial world. Every postcolonial experience in the present-day world shows that humans are being used and materials are being loved.
Slow Violence in The Hungry Tide: An Eco-Critical Analysis
An eco-critical analysis of the novel The Hungry Tide aligns with an important trend in the present literature, where the writers are playing a significant role in examining the interconnection between the environment and human beings. This emerging attention particularly focuses on the ecological crisis and encourages eco-critical readings, emphasizing the significance of environmental concerns in literary studies. In that way, the present paper tries to examine the critical crisis of slow violence in the time of climate crisis in the novel The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh through an eco-critical perspective. The setting of the novel is the Sundarbans, a large grandeur forest area, filled with the multifaceted difficulties of the ecosystem. With the intention to illustrate the refugees of Morichjhapi as a foreshadowing of the climate displacement indulging the people's lives of the tidal region called Sundarbans in South Asia, this paper tries to provide a historical account of the massacre of the Morichjhapi island and tries to unfold the forced eviction depicted in the novel through the diary of Nirmal. Within the novel, destabilization and environmentalism stand as dominant themes. Ghosh’s depiction of the physical environment in the tidal region called Sundarbans serves as a depiction of an active force that is interconnecting the flora, fauna and the life of human beings either indirectly or directly. This connection underscores the dangers of each component to the changes and the actions existed within the ecosystem. Through an eco-critical analysis, this paper tries to examine how Ghosh intricately weaves together the threads of human life, ecology, and the environmental activism within the novel, by focusing on the impacts of human actions on the environment.
Healing and Haunting: Unearthing Racialized Trauma in Gloria Naylor’s Novels within the Framework of Cultural Trauma Theory
This article examines the complex interplay of healing and haunting in Gloria Naylor’s fiction by situating her narratives within the framework of cultural trauma theory. It argues that Naylor’s novels do not merely represent individual suffering but instead articulate a collective, racialized trauma rooted in the historical violences of slavery, segregation, and systemic marginalization. Through a close reading of selected novels, the study explores how memory operates as both a site of pain and a medium of resistance, enabling marginalized communities to confront, reinterpret, and potentially heal from inherited wounds. Drawing on key concepts from cultural trauma theory, the paper highlights how trauma is not simply an event but a socially mediated process that reshapes collective identity. Naylor’s narrative strategies—fragmented storytelling, polyvocal narration, and the incorporation of myth and folklore—reflect the disjointed nature of traumatic memory while also creating spaces for communal witnessing. Her characters often inhabit liminal zones where the past intrudes upon the present, producing a haunting that signifies unresolved historical injustices. These hauntings are not merely spectral but symbolic of suppressed histories that demand recognition. At the same time, the article foregrounds the role of healing as an ongoing, communal process rather than a definitive resolution. Acts of storytelling, maternal memory, and community bonding emerge as crucial mechanisms through which characters negotiate trauma. By reclaiming silenced voices and re-inscribing Black experiences into narrative consciousness, Naylor’s fiction challenges dominant historical discourses and asserts the legitimacy of marginalized epistemologies. Ultimately, this study contends that Naylor’s work embodies a dual movement: it excavates the enduring scars of racialized trauma while simultaneously envisioning possibilities for healing through collective memory and cultural affirmation. By bridging literary analysis with cultural trauma theory, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of how African American literature functions as both a repository of historical pain and a transformative space for resilience and renewal.
The Voice of Marginalized Women in Indu Sundaresan’s The Twentieth Wife
New Historicism includes literature, ethnography, anthropology, art, history, and other disciplines. New Historical novelists discern the historical texts through cultural, economic, artistic, religious, political, and social forces. The article concern about Indu Sundaresan’s novels through a feminist optic. In the light of feminist historiography, an in-depth study has been made to explore how Sundaresan has tried to bridge the gap of women’s roles in her novels of historical fiction. The novels chosen for analysis are, namely, The Twentieth Wife (2012), The Feast of Roses (2012), Shadow Princess (2010), The Splendor of Silence (2007), and The Mountain of Light (2013). By following the strategy of an interdisciplinary approach that expands the scope of feminist inquiry in historical contexts. This study tries to establish a link between the feminist politics of representation and the genre of historical fiction by highlighting Sundaresan’s remake version of the tradition that challenges the conventional modes of Indian historiography. Indu Sundaresan’s historical discourses provide the history of the Mughal Empire as a lived experience to the readers. The article explores the author’s ambition to give Illumination of the feminist battle with the help of New historical perspectives in the novel The Twentieth Wife.
The Effect of Blended Learning on Student Motivation and Language Proficiency
This paper examines whether blended learning has any impact on student motivation and proficiency in learning English language. The type of study was a quantitative quasi-experimental design that included 60 students (including a control group and an experimental group: the implementation of blended learning and traditional learning). Data collected was through pre-test and post-test analysis and an organized motivation questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the experimental group demonstrated an outstanding enhancement in the language proficiency in which the mean scores rose by 52.4 in the pre-test to 74.6 in the post one, unlike the control group which fell by 51.9 to 62.3. Moreover, the mean scores of the experimental group rose by 0.2 to 4.3, and in the control group, its level improved insignificantly as the average scores shifted by 0.0 to 0.4. The findings suggest that blended learning was found to have positive effects on cognitive and affective constructs to language learning as it encouraged engagements, flexibility, and interactive learning processes. The research comes up with the conclusion that blended learning is better than traditional teaching techniques in enhancing student achievement. The results will be of great benefit to educators and policy makers who can incorporate technology-enhanced learning methods in language teaching.
Consumer Perception Towards Artificial Intelligence in Content Marketing: A Study
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, including marketing, by offering innovative approaches to engage consumers. Content marketing, a pivotal strategy in modern marketing, has increasingly integrated AI technologies to personalize content and enhance consumer experiences. Understanding consumer perceptions towards AI-based content marketing is crucial for marketers to develop effective strategies. This study aims to investigate consumers' attitudes, preferences, and concerns regarding AI-driven content marketing initiatives. Through a self-constructed questionnaire, this research explores how consumers perceive AI technologies in content marketing. The study delves into various dimensions, including perceived usefulness, trust, privacy concerns, and ethical considerations related to AI-generated content. Additionally, it examines demographic factors influencing consumer attitudes towards AI-driven content marketing. Preliminary findings suggest that consumers generally have a positive attitude towards AI-based content marketing, recognizing its potential to deliver personalized, relevant content. However, concerns about data privacy, transparency, and the authenticity of AI-generated content pose significant barriers. Moreover, demographic variables such as age, education, and technological literacy influence consumers' acceptance of AI-driven content marketing. This research contributes to both academic literature and marketing practice by offering insights into consumer perceptions towards AI in content marketing. The findings have implications for marketers, suggesting they tailor AI-driven strategies that align with consumer preferences while addressing their apprehensions. Ultimately, understanding consumer perceptions towards AI-based content marketing is essential for fostering trust, enhancing engagement, and maximizing the effectiveness of marketing campaigns in the digital age.
Rural Education in India - Issues and Concerns: A Descriptive Analysis
“Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for today,” as famously said by Malcolm X, a prominent African American civil rights leader. Even former Indian President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam once said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Education stands as a potent catalyst for progress and empowerment, transcending barriers and shaping the future of nations. In the vast expanse of rural India, nurturing young minds takes on paramount importance, as the transformative power of education holds the key to breaking the cycle of poverty and unlocking opportunities for generations to come. In India’s education field, there is a growing recognition of the necessity to expand perspectives and foster closer ties with the public sector to achieve a broader impact. Drawing on extensive experience, insights into projects across various regions illuminate the nuances and obstacles within the sector. Through strategic planning and partnerships with stakeholders, efforts are directed toward advancing initiatives that cater to regional needs. The present paper tries to explore the picture of rural education and its economic growth relations over the period of time (since independence) at macro level in India. Specifically, to study the literacy rate- Gender Wise and Region Wise; to observe the major issues in rural education; to justify the literacy and growth relations; and to suggest possible measures to solve the problems and strengthen the rural education in India. This study is a Descriptive study based on the results of various researches at macro level and secondary data. The data relating to Population Size, Gender Wise and Region Wise Literacy Rate, GDP, GDP per capita, Growth rate, Govt initiatives, etc have been gathered from Various Issues of Educational Statistics – At a Glance, published by Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development , Bureau of Planning, Monitoring & Statistics, New Delhi, Economic Survey, etc. Further, data retrieved from the official website of the Ministry of Human Resource & Development, Govt., of India. It is advocated that the transformation of rural education necessitates collaborative efforts involving stakeholders from diverse sectors. By leveraging CSR effectively, engaging the private sector, and aligning with SDGs and Vision 2047, we can pave the way toward a future where every rural child in India has equitable access to quality education. The time for action is now, as education is the cornerstone of a prosperous and enlightened society. Egalitarian education is the way forward to an inclusive India. Higher education and adequate employment opportunities in conjunction with primary education can work wonders for human development in rural India.
Sustainable Mobility in Bengaluru: Assessing the Environmental Benefits of Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles (EVs) represent a cornerstone of sustainable urban mobility in Bengaluru, a city facing rapid motorization (over 11.2 million registered vehicles) and persistently high levels of air pollution. This study, Sustainable Mobility in Bengaluru: Assessing the Environmental Benefits of Electric Vehicles, evaluates how EV adoption influences urban air quality, greenhouse‑gas emissions, energy efficiency, and overall environmental quality in the city. Using a stratified survey of 350 Bengaluru residents—200 EV users, 100 prospective EV‑buyers, and 50 non‑EV users—along with secondary data from CSTEP and government‑sector studies, the paper estimates that an EV fleet share of 25–30% by 2030 could reduce cumulative CO₂ emissions by approximately 33 lakh tonnes over seven years compared with a fossil‑fuel‑dominated baseline. Results show that EVs can cut CO₂ emissions by 20–25%, NOₓ and PM₂.₅ by 15–30%, and urban noise levels by 3–6 dB, with even larger gains under renewable‑integrated charging. The study concludes that environmental awareness and perceived‑benefit constructs (β = 0.59, p < 0.001) explain 62.4% of EV‑adoption‑intention variance, moderated by cost and infrastructure barriers (β = ‑0.36), and recommends policy‑driven expansion of EVs, solar‑integrated charging, and sustainable transport planning to position Bengaluru as a model for low‑emission urban mobility by 2035.
Occupational Stress among Healthcare Employees
Healthcare comprises hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance, and medical equipment. The Indian healthcare sector is growing briskly due to its strengthening coverage, services, and increasing expenditure by public and private players. India’s healthcare delivery system is categorized into two major components - public and private. The country’s healthcare sector has grown rapidly over the last 5 years, in particular, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 22% since 2016. Healthcare has become one of the largest sectors of the Indian economy, in terms of both revenue and employment. In healthcare most services by nature are perishable and have to be utilised instantly, means that the employee has to be physically present to serve at the time the service is required (Kirti Shivakumar & Veena Pujar 2017) For employee work in the Hospital is more difficult to balance their profession and personal life.
Beyond Victimhood: Psychoanalytic Negotiations of Power and Identity in Margaret Atwood’s Novels
This paper examines the psychoanalytic dimensions of victimhood and agency in selected novels of Margaret Atwood, focusing particularly on The Handmaid’s Tale, Cat’s Eye, and The Robber Bride. Drawing on Freudian psychoanalysis and trauma theory, the study explores how Atwood constructs characters who oscillate between positions of victim and victor within oppressive sociopolitical structures. Atwood’s concept of “victim positions” provides a critical framework for understanding the psychological evolution of her protagonists, who initially internalize oppression but gradually develop self-awareness and resistance. The study argues that Atwood destabilizes the binary between victim and victor by portraying identity as fluid and shaped by unconscious drives, memory, and trauma. Freudian concepts such as repression, defence mechanisms, and the return of the repressed are employed to analyse how characters negotiate psychological conflict. Trauma theory further illuminates how past experiences resurface in fragmented memories, influencing present behaviour and identity formation. Through close textual analysis, this paper demonstrates that Atwood’s protagonists do not simply overcome victimhood but reconstruct themselves through processes of introspection, narration, and symbolic resistance. The transformation into a “victor” is thus not absolute but represents a psychological negotiation with trauma and power. Ultimately, the paper contributes to interdisciplinary literary studies by integrating psychoanalytic theory with feminist criticism, offering new insights into Atwood’s exploration of power, identity, and survival.
A Study on Problems of Salt Pan Producers in the Coastal Areas of Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu
Thoothukudi district is the second largest producer of salt in India after Gujarat. The salt producers of Thoothukudi district employ more than 30,000 labours and producing approximately 25 lakh tonnes of salt every year during March to September. However, in the last two years, salt production has significantly declined due to unexpected and prolonged rainfall in the area. This decline has adversely affected the livelihood of salt producers and has substantially reduced the overall productivity of the district. In this research paper an attempt is made to analyse the problems faced by salt producers in Thoothukudi District of Tamil Nadu. The study was made by the researcher about the difficulties faced by the salt pan producers in the study district under seven broad categories. To determine the severity and ranking of these problem, the Henry Garrett Ranking technique has been employed. The findings outcomes offer the key insights that can assist policymakers and stakeholders in creating effective measures to support salt producers and enhance sustainable salt production within the region.
Role of Green Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intention towards FMCG Sector: A Mediated Model of Brand Trust and Environmental Concern in Indian Context
In a world that has been increasingly becoming environmentally sensitive, sustainable marketing has been a major constituent in defining consumer behavior especially in fast moving consumer goods industry. Lack of research that dominates to establish the implications of green marketing approaches proceeding consumer buying patterns in the developing economies like India, whose consumers have turned their focus to price, health, and sustainability, have prevailed. This research paper aims to examine green marketing practices its effects on the consumer purchasing behavior, and also to test the mediating role of green brand trust and environmental awareness. The data extracted was analyzed based on a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique using SmartPLS based on the stimulus organism response framework and using 365 Indian customers. The results suggest that green marketing strategies significantly affect consumers' intentions to buy eco-friendly brands, both directly and indirectly, by fostering trust in these brands and raising environmental awareness. The results indicate that the ecological awareness and consumer trust should be cultivated to enhance marketing effectiveness by adhering to eco-friendly principles. This research contributes to the theoretical knowledge of environmental-friendly consumerism. It can be a valuable source of knowledge to fast-moving consumer goods firms that want to make their sustainability practices in line with the changing con-sumer expectations in new markets
Machine Learning-Based Noise Reduction in Analog Communication Signals A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Architectures for Signal Denoising
Noise in analog communication channels significantly degrades signal quality, leading to increased bit error rates and reduced communication reliability. Traditional filtering approaches — including Wiener filters, Kalman filters, and wavelet-based methods — while effective under stationary conditions, fail to adapt to non-stationary, time-varying noise environments. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of three machine learning architectures — Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and a novel hybrid CNN-LSTM model — for noise reduction in analog communication signals across Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Rayleigh fading, and impulsive noise channels. We evaluate all models against classical baselines (Wiener filter, Empirical Mode Decomposition) using Signal-to-Noise Ratio improvement (ΔSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and computational latency on a dataset of 50,000 synthetically generated and 10,000 real-world analog signal samples. Our proposed CNN-LSTM hybrid achieves a ΔSNR of 18.6 dB in AWGN channels, outperforming the next best baseline (Wiener filter) by 6.3 dB. In Rayleigh fading conditions, the model delivers an MSE of 3.2×10⁻⁴, representing a 52% reduction over classical methods. Real-time inference is demonstrated at 4.2 ms per sample on embedded hardware, confirming deployment feasibility.
From Rumour to Reality: Grapevine Communication and Identity (Re)Formation in Selected Indian Folktales
Grapevine communication refers to communication taking place through informal or unofficial channels within interpersonal, group, or organizational context. Such informal channels usually are full of gossip or rumors passing from one person to many or vice versa. Single strand chain, gossip chain, probability chain, and cluster chain are the primary routes of communication within a grapevine network that play a vital role in building, breaking, and rebuilding people’s perceptions and interpretations about self and others. Thus, grapevine communication influences in shaping individuals’ views, opinions, and identities. My study tries to understand how various networks of grapevine communication influence and shape individuals’ identities and help people in creating meaning of life as well as cope with life’s difficulties. For my analysis, I choose two Indian folktales, because folktales are timeless classics which represent a vivid description of personal realities without taking stringent views. The folktales selected are: 1. “A Plague Story” from A.K. Ramanujan’s Folktales from India (1991) and 2. “The Bowl of Thenthuk: Hemis, Ladakh” from the text Curious Tales from the Himalayas by Shaguna Gahilote & Prarthana Gahilote (2017). My analysis is dependent on anthropologist and psychologist Robin Dunbar’s seminal work Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (1996) where gossip is considered as an essential social and survival skill for human’s evolutionary process.
Violence And Nationhood: Rewriting Identity in Post- Partition South Asian Fiction
The Partition of India in 1947, which marked the creation of India and Pakistan, stands as one of the most violent upheavals of the twentieth century. It uprooted more than twelve million people, unleashing communal riots, forced migrations, and profound psychological scars. Literature has served as a vital medium for representing these experiences and reshaping collective memory and national identity. This paper investigates how violence operates not merely as a historical reality but also as a narrative strategy in post-Partition South Asian fiction. Focusing on Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy-Man, and Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, it explores how these texts reframe violence as a storytelling device that interrogates national belonging, shared trauma, and the politics of remembrance. Drawing on postcolonial theory, trauma studies, and gender criticism, the paper argues that Partition narratives disrupt official histories by foregrounding individual stories of loss, displacement, and survival. Violence, in this context, emerges as both a destructive force and a mode of meaning-making, enabling writers to reinterpret the idea of nationhood in the aftermath of rupture. By giving prominence to marginalized voices women, peasants, and minorities these works not only document the past but also contest dominant narratives of identity, positioning literature as an essential site for negotiating memory, ethics, and belonging.
Corporate Governance Practices and their Impact on Financial Strategies in Indian Banking: A Comparative Study among State Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank and HDFC.
This study investigates the nexus between corporate governance (CG) mechanisms and financial strategy formulation within the Indian banking sector. Using a comparative framework involving State Bank of India (SBI), Indian Overseas Bank (IOB), and HDFC Bank, the research analyzes how board composition, audit independence, and regulatory compliance influence key financial metrics. The study utilizes secondary data from 2021 to 2025. Statistical tools, including Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis, are employed to test the hypothesis that robust governance leads to superior capital adequacy and asset quality. Findings suggest that while HDFC Bank leads in operational efficiency due to private-sector agility, SBI demonstrates high resilience through "Governance 2.0" reforms. IOB shows significant recovery patterns linked to improved board oversight.
Impact of Economic Reforms on the Agriculture Sector of Kerala: A Study of Selected Cash Crops
This study investigates the profound effects of economic reforms on the agriculture sector in Kerala, with a specific emphasis on selected cash crops. Kerala, known for its unique socio-economic landscape, has undergone significant economic reforms since the liberalization era of the 1990s. These reforms aimed to enhance productivity, market efficiency, and overall agricultural sustainability. The research focuses on key cash crops such as rubber, spices, and cashew, which are pivotal to the state's economy and agricultural identity. Through a comprehensive analysis of statistical data, policy documents, and field surveys, the study evaluates the direct and indirect impacts of economic reforms on production trends, market dynamics, income distribution among farmers, and the overall socio-economic welfare of stakeholders in the agricultural value chain. Furthermore, the study explores the challenges encountered by the agriculture sector in adapting to these reforms, including issues of land fragmentation, market integration, technological adoption, and environmental sustainability. It also examines the role of government policies and institutional support in shaping the outcomes of economic reforms on cash crop cultivation in Kerala. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute empirical insights into how economic reforms have shaped the agriculture sector in Kerala, offering valuable lessons for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners interested in sustainable agricultural development and rural livelihoods in similar contexts.
Revisiting Secularism in India: An Indigenous Approach for Communal Harmony
India is one of the developing nations of the world. It is declared as sovereign democratic country since last seven decades. During this period, India has been engaged in to various efforts to attain growth and development in various sectors. However, there are many areas, where Indian society still facing varieties of problems. Some of these problems have their roots in colonial past, while others are related to demographic changes, socio-political conditions and cultural processes. This paper will talk about social problems in contemporary Indian society.
Thematic Dimensions and Interpretation in Badal Sircar’s Bhoma
Badal Sircar has authored plays that address a diverse array of social issues. The depiction of Sircar prompts reflection and endeavors to improve society. The author effectively articulates his perspectives on the challenges prevalent in contemporary society. Sircar’s plays function as social satires, aiming to expose societal flaws and ultimately instigate transformation. His plays provide several examples illustrating societal dysfunction. The individuals governing the society in which the characters reside may be culpable for their futile existences. His plays address significant societal issues, such as population growth, unemployment and the struggle for survival under various economic challenges.
Fields of Dust and Tears in Asif Currimbhoy’sThe Miracle Seed
Indian English drama did not exert a substantial influence in the post-independence period, unlike poetry and literature. A fundamental aspect of theatre is its amalgamation of several art forms, with the writer being one of the integral components. Nonetheless, Indian English drama contributed to the development ofpost-independence Indian English drama. Numerous plays by Indian playwrights, including Asif Currimbhoy, Pratap Sharma and Guru Charan Das, were successfully staged in England and the United States. However, there was no established institution for Indian English drama in our country. In the twentieth century, Indian Writing in English flourished and gained significant recognition. Drama was historically the least favored genre for literary output. However, it has evolved beyond just theatrical performances and gained popularity among readers due to the contributions of emerging playwrights.
कृष्णा सोबती के निबंधों में लेखिका का वैचारिक साहस
हिन्दी साहित्य में कृष्णा सोबती को प्रायः एक सशक्त कथाकार के रूप में स्मरण किया जाता है, किन्तु उनके निबंध, वक्तव्य और सामाजिक टिप्पणियाँ भी समान रूप से महत्त्वपूर्ण हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य सोबती के निबंधात्मक लेखन में निहित वैचारिक साहस का विश्लेषण करना है। यहाँ ‘वैचारिक साहस’ से आशय उस बौद्धिक निर्भीकता से है जिसके माध्यम से लेखिका सत्ता-संरचनाओं, पितृसत्तात्मक मान्यताओं, सांस्कृतिक रूढ़ियों और साहित्यिक संस्थानों से संवाद करती हैं, उन्हें प्रश्नांकित करती हैं तथा आवश्यक होने पर उनका प्रतिरोध भी करती हैं। सोबती के निबंधों में स्त्री की अस्मिता, भाषा की स्वायत्तता, लेखक की स्वतंत्रता और सामाजिक न्याय के प्रश्न केंद्रीय रूप से उपस्थित हैं। वे किसी वैचारिक खांचे में सीमित न होकर अनुभव-आधारित दृष्टि प्रस्तुत करती हैं। उनके लेखन में न तो अनावश्यक आक्रोश है और न ही समझौते की प्रवृत्ति; बल्कि एक संतुलित, तर्कसंगत और स्पष्ट अभिव्यक्ति है, जो पाठक को आत्ममंथन के लिए प्रेरित करती है। यह शोध पाठ-विश्लेषण पद्धति पर आधारित है, जिसके माध्यम से चयनित निबंधों और वक्तव्यों में प्रयुक्त भाषा, तर्क-शैली और वैचारिक संरचना का अध्ययन किया गया है। निष्कर्षतः यह स्पष्ट होता है कि सोबती का निबंधात्मक लेखन हिन्दी साहित्य में वैचारिक स्वतंत्रता और स्त्रीवादी चेतना का सशक्त दस्तावेज है।
A Study on the Impact of Socio-Economic Conditions on the Educational Status of Kuthalam Taluk, Mayiladuthurai District
Education serves as a pivotal tool for progress, enhancing not only individual prosperity but it also contributing to national economic growth (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2021). It plays a crucial role in reducing poverty and addressing socio-economic inequalities, particularly in developing nations (Karlidag et al., 2020). Access to education is a fundamental necessity, especially during childhood, as it lays the foundation for becoming responsible citizens. According to a report by Education world (2023), over half of the children in KG-12 education across 16 states in India are enrolled in private schools, with 75% of these students attending private institutions. In recent years, a growing number of parents have shown a preference for enrolling their children in private or government-aided schools. This study examines the link between family socio-economic conditions and school enrollment. Using a simple random sampling method and questionnaires for data collection, the research highlights a significant correlation between socio-economic status and access to higher education.
Paryavaran Vamarsh Chuni hui Kavita ke Sandarbh me
Environmental Pollution and its Impacts on Public Health in Nagapattinam District
The boundaries of any nation cannot limit these environmental problems to a particular country and region; their impact is global. The problems become more severe, especially in metropolitan areas. There is inadequate convergence of water supply and sanitation, discharge, and solid waste collection, which is extremely low. Flooding and stagnant water are frequent during the rainy season. The surface water bodies are polluted with raw domestic sewage, industrial waste, and most likely hazardous waste. Consequently, health risks related to environmental pollution are serious problems among the residents of Nagapattinam district. Environmental problems and the accelerating changes in living conditions have become fundamental parts of the world in general and metropolises in particular. The environmental problems have been considered technical and economic evils. Thus, the occurrence of large-scale environmental problems has caused global concern about the conservation and protection of the earth’s environment. Hence, all over the world, efforts are being made to inculcate environmental consciousness or awareness among the masses. It is education that can make humans conscious of and knowledgeable about the environment and its problems. The analysis of the review of literature enables the researcher to identify past research trends in the ground of ecological sociology. Many research studies have been carried out throughout the globe and in some parts of India in the area of environmental sociology. The assessment of the review of literature enables the researcher to formulate a comprehensive research problem for the present study, Environmental Pollution and its Impacts on Public Health, in Nagapattinam district. This study aims at analysing the collision of ecological effluence on local residents of the Nagapattinam region. This Nagapattinam region has a large number of industries, a transportation network, and a lot of developmental activities. One may notice more effects of industrial pollution in the area than in adjoining villages. This study aims to examine the nature, causes, and consequences of environmental pollution due to the establishment of manufacturing complexes.
Digital Literacy among Adults in Rural India: Status, Challenges, and Structural Determinants
Digital literacy is increasingly essential for social inclusion‚ economic participation and civic engagement in twenty first century India․ However‚ while 425 million rural Indians use smartphones (WEF‚ 2023)‚ only 24% of rural adults possess basic digital skills (NSS report‚ 2022)‚ a 32-percentage-point gap compared to urban adults․ This article explores the status of digital literacy and access‚ its structural determinants‚ and gender differences in access among rural adults in India based on secondary research using the NSS (2022)‚ ASER 2023 and 2024‚ TRAI Telecom Statistics (2023)‚ NFHS-5 (2019-21)‚ Oxfam India Inequality Report (2022)‚ GSMA Mobile Gender Gap Report (2024)‚ and official PMGDISHA program data from MeitY‚ 2024․ These findings reveal the long-lasting and multidimensional digital divide caused by poor infrastructure‚ socio-cultural perceptions‚ economic inequities‚ and a lack of appropriate pedagogies and highlight the need to move beyond event-based digital skills training models‚ towards community-integrated digital learning ecosystems in India's adult and continuing education system․
Role of Parenting in the Development of Emotional Regulations and Mental health in Teenagers
Adolescence is one of the critical development phases where emotions, psychological and social transformations occur rapidly thus adolescents are more susceptible to mental challenges like anxiety, depression, stress and emotional instability. Parenting is significant in this phase to influence emotional and coping patterns and psychological health of adolescents. One critical determinant of the mental health of the adolescents is emotional regulation, which means the capacity to recognize, handle, and to express emotions in a proper way. Studies indicate that parenting styles, emotional support of parents and parent child relationships have a significant effect on the regulation of emotions and mental health outcomes of adolescents. Positive and authoritative parenting practices are usually linked to emotional regulation, high self-esteem and psychological wellbeing, and authoritarian and neglectful parenting practices are usually linked to emotional issues, stress and depression. This paper reviews the role of parenting in emotional regulation and how it affects the adolescent mental health based on qualitative review of recent studies released in the past five years (between 2021-2025).
Artificial Intelligence Based Brand Recall: A Perceptual Study of Consumers
In the era of rapidly evolving technology, the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on consumer behavior and brand recall has become a significant area of interest for marketers and researchers alike. This study delves into the perceptual aspects of brand recall among consumers in the context of AI interventions. Using a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to examine the impact of AI-driven strategies on brand recognition and retention. The research methodology involved surveys administered to a diverse sample of consumers to provide nuanced insights into their perceptual experiences. Through statistical analysis and thematic coding, the study uncovered several key findings. Firstly, AI-powered personalized recommendations significantly enhance brand recall, revealing the connection between consumers and brands. Secondly, the level of trust in AI influences consumer perceptions of brand credibility and recall accuracy. Thirdly, the user experience design of AI interfaces plays a pivotal role in shaping brand associations and recall effectiveness. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of transparency and ethical considerations in AI implementations to mitigate concerns regarding privacy and manipulation. It underscores the need for marketers to strike a balance between leveraging AI for personalized engagement and respecting consumer autonomy. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of AI- mediated brand recall, businesses can devise more effective strategies to engage and retain consumers in an increasingly AI-driven marketplace. This research offers practical implications for marketers seeking to harness AI to optimize brand engagement and foster long-term consumer relationships in the digital age.
Global Marketing Strategies for Grocery Retail in India: Exploring Future Consumer Behavior Trends in the Digital Age
The rapid evolution of digital technologies and changing consumer lifestyles has transformed the grocery retail landscape in India, compelling retailers to adapt global marketing strategies to remain competitive. This study examines the impact of digital retail innovations on consumer behavior across demographic dimensions, including age, gender, and annual income. The findings reveal that younger consumers and higher-income groups are more responsive to modern grocery retail formats, such as online grocery platforms, digital payments, personalized promotions, and omni- channel delivery systems. Gender differences are less significant, indicating that technological convenience and value propositions influence both male and female shoppers similarly. Although statistical results show no highly significant association for age and gender, income demonstrates a near-significant influence on consumer perceptions. The study underscores the growing importance of digital engagement, trust, convenience, and experiential value in shaping future grocery purchase decisions. The insights provide valuable directions for retailers to design targeted strategies, leverage analytics, and integrate global marketing best practices to attract diverse consumer segments in India’s rapidly digitalizing marketplace.
Role of India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) in Enhancing Rural Women’s Financial Participation: Evidence from Belagavi District, Karnataka
This study examines the role of India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) in enhancing rural women’s financial participation in Belagavi district, Karnataka. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach using primary data collected from 220 respondents through structured questionnaires and supported by interviews with customers and frontline staff. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, correlation, ANOVA, t-test and regression were employed. The findings reveal that IPPB has significantly improved access to financial services, savings behaviour and digital transaction usage among rural women. Education level and smartphone ownership positively influence digital confidence and participation, while barriers such as low digital literacy, income instability and connectivity issues hinder effective usage. Staff interaction was found to play a crucial role in improving user confidence. The study concludes that while IPPB enhances financial participation, sustained efforts in digital literacy and infrastructure are essential for achieving meaningful financial empowerment.
Work–Life Balance and Employee Well-Being: A Comparative Study of Male and Female Employees
In modern workplaces, effective work-life balance has been a very important factor determining the welfare of the workforce. The growing workload, long working hours, and changes in organizational designs have added pressure to the issues related to stress, job satisfaction, and total health. This paper is a hypothetical and secondary data analysis of the association between work-life balance and employee well-being, comparatively against male and female employees. The paper conceptually uses the existing literature, government reports, organizational surveys, and international studies regarding labor to explore the gender-based differences in work and life balance experiences and well-being outcomes. The research presupposes equal working conditions that will help to interpret the results comparatively, and the main variables used in the research include the number of working hours, support, flexibility, stress levels, and job satisfaction. Hypothetical analysis is of the view that, although both genders have work-life conflict, female employees have work-family pressures that are likely to be more than male employees, who report higher levels of work-related stress. The results highlight the significance of gender sensitive organizational policies, flexible work conditions, and accommodating organizational cultures in promoting employee welfare. Even though the study is not based on primary data, it provides a significant conceptual framework and provides a basis for future empirical studies.
MGNREGA and Livelihood Security: An Economic Analysis Towards Inclusive Growth
The present study examines the economic impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on livelihood security and inclusive growth, with a specific focus on transgender beneficiaries. Adopting a descriptive and analytical research design, the study draws on both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected from 250 transgender respondents selected through stratified random sampling from rural households participating in MGNREGA. The analysis assessed perceptions across key factors such as administrative efficiency and governance, financial allocation and timely wage disbursement, awareness and participation, and the quality of planning and asset creation. Findings reveal significant variations in mean scores across these factors, indicating differential experiences and levels of satisfaction among transgender participants. The study highlights the importance of strengthening governance mechanisms, enhancing financial processes, and improving awareness and engagement to ensure that MGNREGA effectively supports the livelihood security and socio-economic inclusion of transgender individuals. The results underscore the need for more targeted and inclusive policy interventions to promote equitable growth and social justice. The study concludes that strengthening institutional mechanisms, promoting social audits, and ensuring active community participation are vital for enhancing MGNREGA’s role in fostering sustainable livelihoods and achieving inclusive rural development. . This article analyses the economic impact of MGNREGA on rural livelihood security and explores its role in fostering inclusive development. It evaluates the program’s achievements, challenges, and future directions for sustainable and equitable rural transformation.
Beyond Automation: The Transformative Power of AI in Education
Artificial intelligence (AI) has moved from a niche technology concept to a key pillar in the transformation of education. Its integration into pedagogy, assessment, curriculum design and institutional governance is altering how learning happens, who accesses it and how success is measured. This article presents a review of the multi-dimensional impacts of AI on modern learning contexts through an integrative literature review of empirical and theoretical studies from 2015 to 2026. The review identifies five transformational domains: AI driven pedagogy, student engagement, personalized and inclusive learning, assessment and feedback and ethics and governance. It also covers emerging frameworks such as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Self Determination Theory (SDT), and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT).The findings indicate that when AI tools are pedagogy aligned, ethically designed, and equitably implemented, they can enhance outcomes, reduce cognitive barriers, and promote inclusion. However, data privacy, bias, and overreliance on automation remain challenges that require policy intervention.
Nagarjuna ke Upanayashon me Samajik avam Sanskritik Sahitya ka Addhyan
Fragments of Memory: India’s Partition and Curating Narratives in Partition Museums
The Partition of India in 1947 into two nations, India and Pakistan, was a cataclysmic event marked by violence and mass displacement. Although a subject of intense study among scholars, Partition was never memorialized in a designated space—no museum, or commemoration of the event was ever attempted. It was in the 71st year of India’s independence that a newly conceived Partition Museum opened in the historic border city of Amritsar in Punjab. Another Partition Museum was set up in the capital city of New Delhi in 2023. The Museums display of ‘artefacts’ carried by the fleeing survivors of Partition violence; Art works by eminent artists depicting Partition horrors and trauma; audio-visual and archival galleries of photographs and interviews with Partition refugees—all focus on the ‘voices silenced in the pages of history.’ In today’s world rising awareness no longer confines the construction of historical narrative to the historian’s domain but has placed it into the hands of society as a whole. This paper explores the role of Partition Museum in Delhi for curating the memory of Partition, examining how narratives of violence and loss, courage and resilience, hope and optimism are displayed and mediated through exhibitions. Some important questions to be addressed would involve the kind of collective memory being invoked—nationalistic or reconciliatory? And more importantly how it impacts contemporary attitudes towards Partition—whether the memory generated is mindful of the complexities of our collective past or not.
Omprakash Vaalmiki ke Dalit Saahitya me Samajik Vimarsh ka Addhyan
Breaking the Attitudinal Barriers: A Study on R. J. Palacio’s Wonder
This article explores the theme of attitudinal barriers in Wonder, focusing on how societal perceptions shape the experiences of individuals with visible differences. The novel centers on August Pullman, a young boy with a facial deformity, whose entry into mainstream schooling exposes him to prejudice, fear, avoidance, and stereotyping. These negative attitudes, particularly reflected through characters like Julian Albans, function as significant social barriers that hinder inclusion and emotional well-being. The study highlights how attitudinal barriers are not only expressed through bullying but also through subtle behaviours such as pity, discomfort, and social exclusion. At the same time, the narrative presents the possibility of transformation, as characters like Summer Dawson and Jack Will move toward empathy and acceptance. Drawing attention to the socio-cultural construction of disability, the article argues that attitudinal change is crucial for fostering inclusive environments. Ultimately, R. J. Palacio emphasizes that kindness and understanding can dismantle prejudice and promote social inclusion.
Spot Driving Innovation in Digital Forecasting for Pharmaceutical Industry: An Empirical Study
Ensuring manufacture acquire to mere manpower and emerging innovation for pharmaceutical "Industry 4.0," companies must adopt profitable and secure development strategies, enhancing performance, sharing, and traceability of medical formulations. The major implementation and innovation for pharmaceutical industry says that significantly advances medical production processes, discovery development, production to give a enrich through Government support for Machine Learning, IoT, and Robotics has enabled automation in warehouses, autonomous transportation, and drone-based deliveries. The increasing demand for traditional and novel drugs drives digitalization, posing challenges for Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs). The goal is to live product with new innovation market trends and innovation for digitalization and improve supply chain and operational efficiency. This study details supply chain performance through role-specific practices in the pharmaceutical industry, The study focus that digital transformation greatly to affects automation chains, block chain management, and Machine Learning, IoT, and Robotics drive medical strategy adopt new innovative industrial reforms. This paper reviews key digitization aspects, including cloud technologies, and introduces a new stakeholder experience for direct consumer engagement, consists for new Medicare system. The current addresses practical digital implementation solutions and enriches power to motivate such as digital bar-coding systems for emergency tablet medicines to be upgraded and innovation. It focus to recommend identify technologies to advance pharmaceutical industry to pursure the modern rate and adequacy of medicines. The study concludes that virtual technology adoption and innovation can be achieved via digital formatting for code system and control over configurations.
Deep Learning-Based Cyber Resilience Assessment for Ship Cyber security
The concept of cyber resilience is a crucial demand in the maritime setting where the new generation of ships is fast becoming digitalized. Modern ships are the ones that are deeply dependent on modern technologies like built-in navigation systems, satellite communication systems, automated engine controls, cargo handling systems, and interlinked surveillance systems. Even though these innovations enhance efficiency, safety and operational performance, they put ships at risk of a broad spectrum of cybersecurity threats. The evil cyber activities have the effect of disrupting the navigation systems, manipulating the cargo information, interfering with the propulsion systems, and penetrating the onboard and external communication networks. Consequently, maritime safety and security have become inconceivable without cyber resilience, which is the ability to predict, sustain, recover, and adapt to cyber threats. The study presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based system that is capable of improving cybersecurity within a maritime environment. The suggested solution focuses on real-time intrusion detection, proper classification of anomalies, and dynamically responsive threats. The system will be able to learn and draw out complex patterns in network traffic and sensor data automatically by using deep learning, especially CNNs, which removes the constraints of signature-based or rule-driven approaches. The model is also trained on dedicated maritime network images that comprise normal operation behavior as well as various cyberattack images which includes Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), spoofing attacks, malware injection, and unauthorized access. Evidence-based findings suggest that the CNN-based model has a higher Detection rate, lower false positive rates, and lower response time than the traditional cybersecurity strategies. The system is also supportive of a layered defense architecture, and smoothly integrates with onboard ship control systems, and, allows automated mitigation approaches. In general, the research paper shows that AI-based cybersecurity applications have the potential to boost cyber resilience in maritime settings greatly, which will lead to the creation of safer, smarter, and more secure shipping processes.
Towards Interpretable Real-Time Crowd Analytics Using Explainable AI
The estimation of the crowd density has emerged as a significant field of study in computer vision since it has extensive applications in the field of public safety, smart city infrastructure, traffic control, disaster management, and the large-scale event tracking. Due to the fast development of using surveillance cameras in urban and semi-urban regions, there is a rising necessity to have automated solutions to effectively estimate the crowd density at a specific moment. According to traditional manual monitoring methods, monitoring is inefficient and subject to errors in addition to inability to handle the real-time stream of vast amounts of video generated in real-world settings. Deep learning methods, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated good abilities in capturing non-spatial features in images, and thus, it is well suited to the requirements of a crowd analysis. Nevertheless, most deep learning models are black boxes, which restricts their understanding and reduces confidence in the critical use of surveillance. To overcome this shortcoming, this study will concentrate on the deployment of state of the art CNN architectures together with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods to come up with a transparent, trustworthy and precision crowd density estimation model. The suggested framework integrates the feature extraction with multi-scale CNN with explainability methods, including Grad-CAM and attention-based visualization methods. XAI inclusion allows users (such as security personnel and decision-makers) to know the way the model makes predictions, sensitivity of which parts of an image contribute to density estimation, as well as to examine the behavior of models in difficult conditions, and against challenging factors such as occlusion, light changes and perspective distortions. The real-world surveillance environment is specifically targeted such that the uneven distribution of crowds, changing weather conditions, changing illumination, and camera angles bring about a lot of complexity to the system. Using the density map generation and regression-based counting techniques, the model is capable of accurately estimating crowds and is also transparent. The experimental findings show that the suggested system is better than traditional CNN-based crowd counting techniques with respect to Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and interpretability. Explainability improves trust in the user and facilitates the ethical use of AI in the surveillance systems. On the whole, this paper can be considered to develop intelligent, interpretable, and scalable solution of crowd monitoring that can be used in smart cities and real-time management of public safety.
An Interpretable CNN Framework for Accurate Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Medical Imaging
Explainable Deep Learning in Breast Cancer Detection is devoted to the creation of smart diagnostic systems, the ones that will be both highly predictive and easy to understand and interpret the medical decisions. Breast cancer has been one of the predominant cancers in women across all continents and the number one cause of death. The importance of early detection as introduced by the World Health Organization is a key factor in enhancing survival and treatment outcomes. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated exceptional results in medical image classification, especially in mammography and histopathological images, with the development of artificial intelligence. The models can automatically extract complex patterns and hierarchical features on raw data thus making it unnecessary to extract each feature manually. Nevertheless, their accuracy is usually high, but CNNs are frequently black-box systems, which is why a clinician cannot easily interpret the logic behind their predictions, which limits the willingness of a clinician to trust it and casts ethical doubts. To overcome this problem, the suggested study presents a explainable deep learning model, which is a combination of CNN-based classification and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodology. Not only is it created to categorize breast tumors as benign or malignant, but it is also aimed at giving clear and interpretable explanations of its predictions. The methods integrating Grad-CAM, SHAP, and LIME are used to produce visual heatmaps and scores of feature importance, allowing radiologists to understand whether the model is paying attention to clinically important areas or not. Key performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall and F1-score are used to evaluate the framework to ensure its reliability of use in medical diagnosis. This method can improve trust and benefit clinical decision-making by incorporating a high-performance deep learning algorithm and a transparent explanation algorithm, which will encourage the responsible use of AI in healthcare.
Quantum AI for Early Disease Prediction Using Medical Image Analysis
Quantum-Enhanced Machine Learning (QEML) is a new computational paradigm that introduces the concept of quantum mechanics with the latest artificial intelligence algorithms to enhance the performance of the diagnostic process in the field of medical imaging. The early identification of diseases is crucial in mortality reduction and improving patient outcome, especially in capacities dealing with such diseases as cancer, neurological diseases, heart diseases, and infections of the lungs. Although conventional deep learning architectures, in particular, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been highly successful in processing complex medical images such as MRI scans, CT images, X-rays, and histopathological data, they can be computationally expensive, need large data sets, and suffer in optimization of high dimensional feature spaces. The limitations that QEML tries to overcome are based on the quantum mechanical principles of superposition, entanglement and interference to facilitate better data representation and processing. The suggested structure is based on the classical deep learning architectures and variational quantum circuits together, to create a hybrid quantum-classical system, which improves features extraction and classification levels. Under this method, the classical image characteristics are coded into quantum states and processed in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces, which can enhance the separability of subtle disease patterns, which would have otherwise been challenging to obtain with conventional techniques. The objective of this hybrid system is to enhance the critical diagnostic measures like sensitivity and specificity without affecting the interpretability of such measures to be used in the clinical context. The proposed framework is also assessed in terms of its feasibility, its computational performance and scalability to the capabilities of present-day Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. The model effectiveness is evaluated using objective evaluation metrics, which, in a way, guarantee the feasibility of the model application within a real-life healthcare context. On balance, quantum computing and medical image analysis integration is an exciting field of work of the future intelligent healthcare systems and has a potential of providing more efficient, accurate, and scalable diagnostic solutions.
Quantum-Safe Block chain System for Privacy-Preserving Medical Record Sharing
The swift computerization of healthcare systems has the impact that medical data have become highly efficient, available, and interoperable. Nonetheless, it has also brought about acute security threats, such as unauthorized access, data breach, ransomware attacks, insider threats and data manipulation. RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are traditional cryptographic, which are exposed to the new quantum computing threats, to protect electronic health records (EHRs). The quantum algorithms such as Shor algorithm can break the classical encryption schemes leading to an immediate requirement of the next generation quantum-resistant security frameworks. To overcome this issue, this study offers a Quantum Resilient Blockchain Architecture (QRBA), which will be used to ensure that medical records are managed in the post-quantum age. The suggested architecture also incorporates the use of blockchain technology and post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) methods to assure the long-term data confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and availability. In blockchain offers a decentralized, tamper-resistant infrastructure that is transparent and auditable, and quantum-resistant cryptography (lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based algorithms) substitutes the conventional public-key systems. The framework uses a hybrid encryption model in which symmetric encryption will be applied to ensure a secure data storage and post-quantum digital signatures will be implemented to ensure authentication and identity verification. Smart contracts are applied to secure access control, patient consent management and efficient data-sharing between healthcare stakeholders i.e. hospitals, laboratories, insurance providers, and regulatory authorities. Scalability and regulatory compliance In order to meet standards like HIPAA and GDPR, the system will be based on a permissioned blockchain model. The off-chain storage of sensitive medical data is encrypted in the distributed storage systems, and only reference hash and metadata are stored on-chain to decrease storage overhead. The architecture also discusses the implementation of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in a secured key exchange in the future. Smart contracts enforce role-based and attribute-based access control mechanisms in order to offer fine-grained security. System analysis shows that the suggested architecture will be highly resistant to common classical and quantum cyber threats, improve medical record handling transparency, and remove single points of failure that are characteristic of centralised systems. According to simulation findings, post-quantum cryptographic techniques have some computational overhead, but optimized implementation guarantees satisfactory performance in real-time healthcare processes. In sum, it can be stated that the Quantum Resilient Blockchain Architecture is a secure, scalable and future-ready solution to the challenges of protecting sensitive healthcare data without compromising on efficiency, regulatory compliance, and patient trust.
Enhancing Secure Identity Management: A Systematic Review of Passwordless Authentication Techniques
Access and identity management is currently a fundamental security concern as the digital services genre is growing like a juggernaut. The concept of password-based authentication (traditionally, a password is provided by a user to enter the system) is increasingly ineffective, with a user-provided password potentially being used to commit phishing, brute-force, credential stuffing, and reuse attacks, and introduce a usability and management burden. The secure passwordless authentication method also improves user experience and reduces costs of operations as it removes the use of traditional passwords and replaces these with cryptographic credentials, device identities, or multi-factors. In this paper, the author will analyze the recent advances in passwordless authentication, which fall under either biometrics, hardware tokens, platform authenticators, public-key cryptography, behavioral or continuous authentication. It takes into account their security capabilities, trade-off in usability, deployment issues, privacy and regulatory issues. The proposed architecture suggests a reference architecture of a passwordless authentication system that is enterprise-ready that integrates FIDO2 / WebAuthn standards, device attestation, multi-modal biometric verification and adaptive risk-based authentication controls. The system threats identified during the system analysis are the compromising of the devices, biometric spoofing, supply-chain vulnerabilities and privacy leakage. To address these risks the defensive mechanisms, that are, cryptographic attestation, use of secure enclave, decentralized key recovery and privacy-preserving biometric template storage are proposed. Such a strategy will offer a high degree of security and user-friendliness despite being in tandem with the existing security demands. In addition, the analysis contains a systematic review scheme based on such significant specifications as security, usability, interoperability, cost efficiency, and regulatory compliance. The findings indicate that passwordless authentication systems are a viable and scalable solution to the existing identity management provided they are designed and implemented correctly. However, it should be noted that in order to implement the devices, device lifecycle management, recovery mechanisms, user experience and socio-technical factors must be taken into consideration. Overall, one of the steps to more secure, strong, and convenient digital identity systems is the passwordless authentication.
Enhanced Quantum Computing for Predictive analysis of Epidemic outbreaks using Large -Scale Health Data
Quantum computing has emerged as an intellectual model of computing that is able to address complex and high-dimensional problems in ways that classical systems cannot. The predictive analysis of epidemic outbreak in the sphere of public health is an activity that requires working with big and heterogeneous data, electronic health records, genetic sequences, mobility patterns, environment, and social interaction network. Traditional machine learning and deep neural Net-based approaches have significantly improved the ability to predict epidemics, but they lack scalability, computing capabilities, and the capacity to model complex nonlinear interactions. This research proposes a dedicated quantum architecture of forecasted epidemic outbursts according to vast datasets of health data to foster an improved degree of forecasting, speed of computation, and early identification. The suggested system is a hybrid quantum-classical system, integrating quantum machine learning algorithms, including variational quantum circuits, quantum support vector machines, and quantum optimization algorithms. Data is processed using classical systems to extract features whereas quantum processors solve complex problems of probabilistic inference and optimization. Through quantum superposition and entanglement, the framework can study multiple transmission situations simultaneously, and this allows one to identify the pattern of outbreaks and even hotspots within a short period of time. The model is also driven by real-time healthcare systems and global surveillance network data streams to enhance the responsiveness of the model to health threats. Simulation analysis indicates that the enhanced quantum framework is more precise in predictions, and the convergence will be fast and consistent as compared to traditional models. The system can recognize the trend of an outbreak sooner than and can effectively manage a high-dimensional epidemiological data. Besides, the issue of such factors as data privacy, scalability, and disadvantages of current quantum hardware is discussed in the paper. Overall, the proposed solution suggests that quantum computing can serve as a future epidemic intelligence system, in which a reaction to a global health crisis can be proactive and information-oriented.
Enhanced CNN Deep Learning for Efficient Processing of Big Medical Data in Cloud Environments
The bursting emergence of digital technologies within healthcare systems has brought about a phenomenal expansion of medical information produced by electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging systems, wearable technologies, genomics systems, telemedicine products, and hospital information systems. Big medical data is this massive and complicated sequence of structured and unstructured medical data which has a huge potential, but introduces several challenges. The conventional method of processing data can be problematic in relation to processing the scale, speed and diversity of such data sets especially when real time analytics and predictive knowledge is needed. Here, machine learning technologies and scalable cloud computing networks have been developed to a highly sophisticated level, and it provides a solution that is practical and transformational to the efficient processing, analysis, and significance of large-scale medical data. This paper is devoted to the adoption of sophisticated deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, transformers, and multifunctional architectures in combination with cloud computing technology in order to create scalable, secure, and intelligent pipelines of healthcare data processing. The proposed system uses distributed storage, parallel computing, and scalable cloud computing to learn and deploy deep learning models with large datasets of healthcare. Cloud-native features such as containerization, microservices architecture, and serverless computing have also been included in the system and have guaranteed the adaptability, cost-efficiency, and high availability. The system proposed is based on the data ingestion optimization, preprocessing, features extraction, model training, real-time inference, and interpretability of medical AI applications. The special consideration is given to the problem of data privacy, data security, regulatory and ethical concerns surrounding the use of AI. Some of the methods that have been embraced in order to guarantee the privacy of sensitive patient data and simultaneously allow more institutions to collaborate in creating models are federated learning, encryption, secure multi-party computation, as well as role-based access control. The performance comparison indicates that deep learning of cloud-based systems has decreased the training time significantly, improved scalability, and predictive performance. Besides, the explainable AI (XAI) techniques can increase the transparency and reliability of clinical decision-making. The suggested system will assist in the support of the clinical diagnosis, prediction of illnesses, treatment plans on the individual basis, and overall optimization of healthcare administration.
Enhanced Mind Stress Detection Using CNN Deep and Machine Learning Models for Multi Sensor Stress Detection
The increased rates of stress in the modern hectic society have predisposed mental health monitoring as a vital field of study and technological development. Stress is a significant influence on the cognitive skills, emotional stability, and physical wellbeing and in most cases, may cause serious chronic illnesses in the event that it is not addressed. The traditional methods of stress detection, e.g., questionnaires and clinical analysis, are rather subjective and have no opportunity to provide real-time monitoring. To eliminate these restrictions, the intended system is called Mind Under Machine: Deep and Machine Learning Models of Multi-Sensors Stress Detection that is based on the application of multi-sensor physiological data and the modern methods of machine learning and deep learning to detect stress accurately. The system also includes other physiological cues such as the heart rate, electrodermal activity, electrobrainwave, respiration rate and skin temperature, which are measured by wearable electronics. These are signals which are indicative of the work of the autonomic nervous system in stress conditions. The framework uses both traditional machine learning algorithms and deep learning models to classify stress levels using effective preprocessing methods like noise removal and feature extraction of complex time-series data. Deep learning models, specifically Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long short memory (LSTM) networks allow automatic feature extraction and improvement of time patterns. Also, multi-sensor data fusion enhances reliability and reduces the reliance on a single physiological parameter dependency. The suggested framework is both accurate and robust, and it is highly scalable, hence suitable in practice in wearable healthcare systems. The system can offer a reliable method of monitoring stress constantly and early intervention in mental health management by integrating physiological sensing with intelligent analytics.
Machine Learning Model for Detecting Side-Channel Attacks in Next-Generation 5G Systems
The explosive growth of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks has reshaped the digital ecosystem in that it has made it possible to achieve ultra-low latency, massive connectivity, and high data rates. Although they are used to advance things like IoT, autonomous vehicles, and smart healthcare, new security challenges are also presented. Side-channel attacks are considered to be one of the greatest threats because they utilize indirect information leakage including power consumption, electromagnetic emissions, timing variations, and cache behavior. Mobile gadgets are particularly risky as they have limited resources, diverse hardware, and constant connectivity. These sneaky attacks are sometimes not easily dealt with by the traditional means of security and this presents the issue of intelligent and adaptable detection systems. The paper suggests a side-channel attack detection model, which is an AI-driven mobile security framework within a 5G setting. The model includes deep learning models like CNNs and LSTMs to process multi-modal side-channel data and identify anomalies. Through edge computing, the framework provides improved scalability, real-time processing at reduced latency. The outcomes of simulation prove that the simulation is highly accurate, has low false-positive, and response time is shorter than traditional methods. Also, explainable AI technologies improve transparency and trust. In general, the presented system will deliver a robust, scalable and efficient system to ensure devices are secured in the next-generation 5G networks.
Enhanced Social Media Sentiment Analysis
Social media sentiment analysis is an important method of assessing the mood of the masses, internet trends as well as consumer mood. Use of social media applications such as Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter, creates a flood of unorganized informational content. The data are too sophisticated to be handled by simple data processing algorithms, but more sophisticated computational packages are required to generate valuable information that can be resistant to high dimensions, ambiguity, and noise. The given research introduces a novel methodology, which employs the use of machine learning and natural language processing to enhance the categorisation awareness, accuracy, scalability, and robustness of sentiment analysis systems in social media. Some of the preprocessing methods that the given solution employs to enhance the quality of the data are normalisation, removal of stop-words, cleaning text and tokenisation. One text processor that has the capability of transforming text to numbers is the Term Frequencyinverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Random Forest technique deals with an ensemble of learning models which are employed to perform a sentiment categorisation. This model can address complex patterns by alleviating overfitting. Everybody believes that the algorithm would be consistent in deciding whether anything on the social media is good, terrible, and neutral. We use measures such as F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision so that the performance evaluation can be ensured to be workable across other datasets. Tests using superior frameworks indicate that the enhanced framework is better than the conventional machine learning frameworks, even in cases of imbalanced and noisy social media information. This system is scalable, interpretable and generalisable as compared to the past versions hence it is effective in real time solutions such as brand monitoring, customer feedback analysis, and decision support systems. On the whole, the proposed approach is feasible and efficient because it will enable the use of the unstructured information provided by the social media to draw the latest findings and breakthroughs in AI and sentiment analysis.
The Global Challenges & Role of Artificial Intelligence for Smart Education and its Sustainable Impact
The global education system is undergoing a transformational shift driven by digitalization, demographic changes, labor market disruption, and the growing demand for lifelong learning. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical enabler of smart education by improving personalization, accessibility, administrative efficiency, and data-driven decision-making. However, education systems across developed and developing nations continue to face substantial challenges including inequality in access, shortage of skilled teachers, language barriers, student disengagement, outdated pedagogy, assessment inefficiencies, and sustainability concerns. This study examines the global challenges confronting modern education and evaluates the role of AI in creating smart, inclusive, and sustainable learning ecosystems. A quantitative research design was adopted using survey data from 240 respondents comprising educators, students, administrators, and edtech professionals in the Indian context with global relevance. Statistical tools including demographic profiling, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression were applied. Findings indicate that AI-enabled personalization, intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessment, and predictive analytics significantly improve perceived educational effectiveness and sustainability outcomes. ANOVA results show differences across age groups and stakeholder categories. Regression findings confirm that AI adoption, digital readiness, and institutional support positively influence smart education outcomes. The study concludes that AI can substantially contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) when implemented ethically and inclusively. Policy implications emphasize teacher reskilling, equitable infrastructure, data governance, and human-centered AI integration.
Prospective Teachers Feedback on Divaswapna Book Review
The study was conducted to understand the feedback of prospective teachers on Divaswapna book written by Gijubhai Badheka in the year 1932. The study took place at GVM’s Dr. Dada Vaidya College of Education, Goa during the academic year 2024–25. The major objectives of the study were to understand the opinion of prospective teachers on book review and to explore the views of prospective teachers on relevance of Divaswapna book for future generation of teachers. Altogether 94 prospective teachers from first year B.Ed participated in the study. The data was collected through google forms and was analyzed using descriptive statistics which included pie charts and bar graphs. Students were allotted thirty days to complete the Divaswapna book review. The findings of the study stated that 80% of students shows strong engagement to learn something new from the assignment. The majority of the students that is 92% visualized the importance of Divaswapna book strategies for future educators as an effective alternative to traditional learning methods. Regarding completion of assignment, it was found that only 14% respondent finished the book review within the first ten days and 48% submitted book review in the final ten days. 74% of the students preferred reading the book through soft copies highlighting the increasing trend of digital mode. It was also found that around 55% discussed the book content with their classmates indicating collaborative approach of learning and 18% did not engage in any discussion focusing the gap in sharing the ideas. It was also highlighted that only 31% of participants explored the additional text by other philosophers. This indicates that majority of the prospective teachers are not exploring the content of the other philosophers as they are only focusing on the task containing marks. It was concluded that Divaswapna can be a very important book to understand the teaching learning process for prospective teachers and improve their srategies of teaching.
NEP Trends for Educational and Sustainable Economic Growth of India
India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents one of the most comprehensive structural reforms in education since 1986. It seeks to transform school education, higher education, vocational learning, research ecosystems, and lifelong learning frameworks. Given India’s aspiration toward Viksit Bharat 2047, education is increasingly recognized as a strategic lever for sustainable economic growth, productivity enhancement, innovation, employment generation, and social inclusion. This paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to synthesize contemporary evidence on the trends linking NEP implementation with educational transformation and sustainable economic development in India. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, government documents, and institutional publications from 2020–2026 was undertaken. Findings reveal five dominant trends: digitalization of learning, multidisciplinary higher education reforms, employability and skill integration, inclusion and equity expansion, and research-led innovation ecosystems. The review also identifies structural challenges such as implementation asymmetry across states, teacher preparedness gaps, financing constraints, and digital inequality. The paper concludes that NEP 2020 has strong potential to accelerate India’s demographic dividend into productive economic capital, but successful outcomes depend on governance coherence, measurable accountability, and long-term investment.
Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Startup Challenges and Role for Sustainable Economic Growth of India
India’s transition toward a knowledge-driven and innovation-led economy has intensified the importance of entrepreneurship and startup ecosystems as engines of sustainable economic growth. This study empirically examines how innovation orientation, entrepreneurial capability, startup support systems, and structural challenges influence sustainable economic growth in India. A structured survey was conducted with 288 respondents comprising startup founders, MSME owners, incubator participants, and young entrepreneurs across major Indian cities. Statistical tools including demographic profiling, reliability analysis, ANOVA, regression, and model fit assessment were applied using SPSS. Findings indicate that innovation capability, policy support, and entrepreneurial intention significantly predict sustainable economic growth, whereas funding constraints and regulatory barriers negatively affect startup performance. Regression results reveal that the proposed model explains 68.4% variance in sustainable growth outcomes. ANOVA results indicate significant differences across age, experience, and sector categories. The paper concludes that India’s long-term economic resilience depends on deepening innovation ecosystems, reducing bureaucratic friction, strengthening startup financing, and promoting inclusive entrepreneurship.
Janpad Bulandshahar ki Kaamkaji tatha Gair-Kaamkaji Mahilaaon ke Bchchon ke Mansik Swasthtya tatha Samajik Kaushal ka Ek Adhyan
Janpad Aligarh ke Madhyamik Star ke Sarkari avam Gair Sarkari Vidhyalaya ke Vidhyarthiyon ki Vidhyalayi Santushti Avam Sakriyata ka Adhyaan: Janpad Aligarh ke Sandarbh me
Disaster, Displacement, and Deconstruction: Identity and Memory in Contemporary South Asian Women's Diaspora Literature
This essay examines how contemporary South Asian women writers engage with disaster, historical, cultural, and psychic, in their diaspora fiction. Reading Bharati Mukherjee's Wife and Jasmine, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's The Mistress of Spices and The Vine of Desire, and Anita Rau Badami's The Tamarind Woman and Can You Hear the Nightbird Call? through the lens of Derrida's deconstruction theory, the essay argues that these authors represent diaspora as a condition shaped by multiple overlapping disasters: the spectacular violence of the Partition and the Air India bombing, and the slow, attritional disaster of cultural displacement. Identity and memory are shown to function not as stable inheritances but as active reconstructions through which women navigate disaster's aftermath. The essay contributes to disaster studies in literature by foregrounding the gendered dimensions of catastrophe and survival, demonstrating how these authors challenge binary paradigms of loss and recovery, authenticity and hybridity, in favour of more fluid and dynamic frameworks.
Utility of Open Access Digital Resources in Higher Education Institutions
Open Access Digital Resources (OADRs) have emerged as a transformative force in higher education by providing unrestricted access to scholarly information, research publications, e-books, e-journals, institutional repositories, and educational databases. These resources play a significant role in enhancing teaching, learning, and research activities in universities and colleges. The present study examines the utility, accessibility, benefits, and challenges of open access digital resources in higher education institutions. The study highlights how digital resources contribute to academic excellence, research productivity, and knowledge dissemination. It also identifies major barriers such as lack of awareness, inadequate ICT infrastructure, and digital literacy issues. The paper concludes that effective utilization of open access resources can significantly improve the quality of higher education and promote equitable access to information.
Prospective Teachers Feedback On Swayam Courses
The study examines the awareness of prospective teachers about the SWAYAM courses, their sources of information, and views on its relevance and necessity in today’s educational scenario. Data was collected from B.Ed. students enrolled in the academic year 2024-25 and analyzed using graphical methods. The results showed that most prospective teachers first learned about SWAYAM during their B.Ed. course. The research highlights a very positive perception of SWAYAM, with the majority of participants recognizing it as essential in the present educational context. There is a pronounced preference for online learning, as most respondents are interested in enrolling and engaging in online courses. Even with high enrollment during the B.Ed. program, there is a notable gap in course completion and certification. Additionally, only a small number of prospective teachers have attended or passed SWAYAM exams. The study concludes that although prospective teachers show enthusiasm and willingness to use online learning platforms, systematic integration of SWAYAM into teacher education programs is essential.
Dr. Bheemrao Ambedkar aur Mahatama Jyotiba Phule ke Shaikshik Vicharon ka Adhyann
Shalya Tantra in the 21st Century: Where Tradition Meets Technology – A Narrative Review of Research Gaps in Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Care
Background: The Ayurvedic surgical science of Sushruta Samhita (c. 600 BCE) contains the principles of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. However, their integration into contemporary evidence-based surgery remains poorly investigated. Objective: To explore the research gaps in Shalya Tantra along the perioperative continuum, discuss the possibilities of integration with contemporary surgical technology, and suggest a prioritized research agenda. Methods: The search for Shalya Tantra, Kshara Sutra, Agnikarma, Vrana, and perioperative care was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, AYUSH Research Portal, Dhara Online, and CTRI (2000-2025) using these words. Reference to classical ayurvedic texts. The included studies were original research, systematic reviews, and gap‑identifying articles. Results: Three important gaps were identified. Preoperative: No validated tools are available that can translate Rogi pariksha (eight-fold assessment) into surgical risk metrics, and no RCTs of preoperative Snehana-Swedana exist. Intraoperative: A 2024 meta‑analysis demonstrated that Kshara Sutra had a promising cure rate (p<0.03) with low recurrence/incontinence, while in the 1991 ICMR RCT, 4% of patients had a recurrence (incontinence) compared to 11% of those undergoing conventional surgery. However, no trials have compared Kshara Sutra with current sphincter‑sparing procedures (LIFT, VAAFT). There are few comparative studies on Agnikarma. Postoperative: Jatyadi tulle, Madhughrita tulle, Manjishthadi Ghrita and Panchavalkala cream are supported by RCTs and Jalaukavacharana efficacy are evident in case series. Conclusion: Shalya Tantra has great potential to improve the level of contemporary surgical treatment. Priority research involves Kshara Sutra vs. LIFT RCTs, mechanistic studies of Vrana Ropana formulations, and hyperspectral imaging validation of Vrana classification.
Swami Shradhanand Saraswati ke Shakshik Vicharon ki Vartman Paripakshya me ek Adhyaan
An Empirical Investigation into How Financial Literacy, Overconfidence, and Attitudinal Biases Shape Investment Decisions
Economic and market factors alone do not determine the investment decision since financial knowledge and behavioural tendencies of individuals are as well influence the decision. This paper looks at the roles of financial literacy, overconfidence, and attitudinal biases in the investment behaviour of the retail investor. In analyzing the behavioural and cognitive components that lead to investment choices, a sample of 150 respondents using a simple random sampling method was adopted as this research design was descriptive in nature. The comparison between the levels of financial literacy was done using statistical tools among the demographic variables, including age, gender, and income. This research seeks to (i) determine the degree of financial literacy among individual investors, (ii) determine whether the level of financial literacy varies among individual investors, (iii) analyze how overconfidence and attitudinal biases affect investment decisions, and (iv) determine the relationship between financial awareness and behavioural biases to determine overall performance of investment and risk-taking behaviour. The findings indicate that financial literacy differs across demographic groups and that behavioural biases significantly affect investment choices, often leading individuals away from rational decision-making. The research identifies the significance of financial education and behavioural awareness to enhance the quality of investments and facilitate informed financial planning. These results indicate that there is a financial knowledge gap between generations, and specific financial education programs are needed depending on the age group to help make more informed investment decisions. The results have underscored the value of gender-based financial education programs to guarantee equal access to financial literacy, empower people to participate in investments and financial literacy to make improved financial decisions by both genders.
An Empirical Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction Using NHANES Clinical Data A Comprehensive Empirical Study
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and globally prevalent condition affecting over 850 million individuals worldwide. Early detection is critical to slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes. This study presents a rigorous empirical evaluation of eight supervised machine learning algorithms — Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Decision Tree, AdaBoost, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Naive Bayes — applied to the NHANES 2021–2023 dataset for binary CKD classification. A structured preprocessing pipeline encompassing missing value imputation, outlier winsorization, feature encoding, leakage removal, and standardization was applied prior to model training. Results demonstrate that Gradient Boosting achieved superior performance with an accuracy of 98.83%, precision of 99.10%, recall of 99.22%, F1-score of 99.16%, and an ROC-AUC of 0.9986. The findings highlight ensemble tree-based methods as highly effective for CKD prediction and provide insights into feature relevance and clinical applicability of ML-driven diagnostic systems.
Integrative Management of Dry Eye Syndrome (Sushkakshipaka): Bridging Ayurvedic Netra Kriya Kalpa with Modern Ophthalmology
Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) has an incidence of 5-50 percent of the global population and is characterized by instability and inflammation of the tear film. Modern therapies include artificial tears, cyclosporine, lifitegrast, and device therapies, although many patients still experience symptoms. Ayurveda conceptualizes DES as Sushkakshipaka, which is controlled by Netra Kriya Kalpa, topical eye treatment procedures such as Tarpana, Aschyotana, Seka, and Nasya. Objective: To synthesize the pathophysiological basis and therapeutic evidence of the integration of Ayurvedic Kriya Kalpa with modern ophthalmology. Methods: Narrative literature review of literature (2000225) in PubMed, Scopus, Ayushdhara, and classical texts. Results: TFOS DEWS II diagnostic pathway involves the use of OSDI, TBUT (<10 s), osmolarity (≥308imOsm/L) and staining. NF κB, IL 1 0 IL 6, TNF 0, and MMP 9 are the inflammatory pathways. Level of evidence- Level 1-2- Anti inflammatory and device-based therapies. Netra Tarpana including Triphala Ghrita is significant in the improvement of the Schirmer test, TBUT and symptoms (p<0.05). Aschyotana is delivered directly into the eye, and Nasya is used to treat supraclavicular pathology. Conclusion: A hybrid severity-based algorithm that combines Kriya Kalpa with current therapies can provide the best results. Prospective randomized trials and standardized protocols are needed.
Tracing Colonial Constructions of Collective Cognitive Illusions in Indigenous Cultures: A Study of Diane Glancy’s Novels
Cognitive illusions are a pervasive psychological issue, causing judgemental problems. They are closely related to heuristics and biases in psychology and are considered systematic errors in thinking that can lead the human minds to misinterpret reality and form false beliefs. Similarly, as one’s perception of the world is shaped by influences from history, literature, nature, and personal as well as shared experiences, all the influences may also have the potential to generate misconceptions that spread widely and eventually become collective cognitive illusions. It distorts beliefs that communities accept and repeatedly reinforce. Such misconceptions often enter narratives and further solidify these illusions. Writers influenced by these beliefs may unintentionally become carriers and ambassadors of the illusion through their literary works.This paper studies the collective cognitive illusions around Native American communities as framed by the European authors, historians and travelers. In contrast, the works of Native American writers function as a counter-discourse, challenging and dismantling these illusions that shape mainstream perceptions and realities. The study applies a cognitive narratology in a few works of a Native American author, Diane Glancy, to analyse how she has handled the cognitive illusion spun by the colonisers. Cognitive narratology, a subfield of postclassical narratology proposed by David Herman in the 1990s, further support to know how mainstream people buy the narrative of the colonisers and how they develop negative perceptions upon indigenous people.
Constructing New Identity in the Select Novels of KaveryNambisan: A Critical Study
The writings of KaveryNambisan strongly advocate for the emancipation of Indian women and subvert the patriarchal stereotypes. The liberation of women in modern Indian literature does not take shape as a radical extended protest against patriarchy, but as a gradual process of unlearned gender based hierarchies and recovered self-identity. Based on the close textual interpretation and theoretical considerations of feminism, the article examines the ways in which the Nambisan heroines face the challenge of culturalization, institutionalized marital oppression, and marginalization of their professional practices in shaping identities that are formed by their awareness of themselves, as opposed to being socialized into it. The study shows that Nambisan intentionally avoids passive compliance and militant separatism, choosing rather the locus of liberation as a psychological and relational unlearning that the performative femininity is dissolved and companionship is built upon the plane of equality. Through the comparison of personal awakening and the mass organization, the novels develop a dream of gender solidarity by going beyond opposing forces of power and suggesting instead the interdependence of mutual understanding and human solidarity. Combining primary textual analysis and secondary feminist method, this article shows that the vision of identity as seen by Nambisan in her fiction is an introspective, ethically-relational, cross-gender agent, rather than an antagonistic figure as popularly understood. The narrative of Nambisanprojects him as a critical intervention to postcolonial feminism discourse and presents a complex paradigm towards female identity that values psychological autonomy, structural equity and a common humanity.
Marital Subjugation and the Erasure of the Self in Anita Nair’s Lessons in Forgetting
This research paper explores how the marital subjugation leads to the gradual loss of female selfhood in Anita Nair’s Lessons in Forgetting. It argues that the novel depicts marriage as a patriarchal structure that enforces erasure through economic control, emotional manipulation, emotional silencing, and social undervaluation of their labor. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s idea of “immanence,” Erving Goffman’s concept of “spoiled identity,” and latest discussions on “agentic forgetting,” the study analyzes the experiences of Meera and Jak’s mother to trace how subjugation can result in self-erasure. The paper demonstrates that Nair transforms the idea of “forgetting” from trauma to resistance that allows women to unlearn patriarchal expectations and rebuild their identities in the novel. The article concludes that financial independence and female solidarity emerge as essential responses in resisting marital erasure. By situating the novel to contemporary debates on domestic confinement and economic abuse, it highlights financial independence and female solidarity as paths out of marital erasure and underscores Nair’s contribution to post-millennial Indian feminist thought.
Pride, Self-Deception, and Marital Dissonance in Margaret Laurence's The Stone Angel
Margaret Laurence’s The Stone Angel (1964) is a psychologically intricate depiction of Hagar Shipley, a woman whose existence is defined by pride, emotional repression, and damaged relationships. This paper looks at the dissonance in her marriage and emotional estrangement created by the inflexibility of Hagar’s selfhood and the delusional nature of her false self-esteem. Drawing on feminist and psychoanalytic theories, the study contends that Hagar’s struggle to reconcile vulnerability with autonomy results in her separation from her husband, children, and eventually herself. Her late-life self-awareness emphasises the damaging repercussions of pride and the need for emotional vulnerability to have meaningful human interactions.
Effective Listening as a Leadership Communication Skill: A Study Based on the Kamba Ramayana
Listening is one of the key managerial skills that enables leaders to understand team’s perspectives, analyse the information and make informed decisions. This paper explores the importance of listening as an essential leadership and communication skill in management through an analytical study of the Kamba Ramayana. This comparative study of the ancient literary work and management provides valuable insight into importance of listening, highlighting its relevance in modern organizational contexts. Management lessons can be derived from classical epics, which offer rich narratives depicting leadership and communication. Although Ramayana had been extensively examined from literary, and cultural perspectives, relatively limited attention has been given to its relevance for management studies, particularly in relation to listening as a strategic communication skill. This research therefore seeks to bridge this gap by examining how listening behaviours are portrayed through key characters in the Kamba Ramayana. This paper analyses in depth how various characters in the epic exemplify different types of listening based on the situation. Informative listening, Critical listening and Empathetic listening are studied, and compared in relation with Kamba Ramayana through its characters. Informational listening is illustrated through the attentive engagement of Rama with Sage Vasishta before coronation, and when detailed information was provided by Hanuman about Sugriva in Kishkintha Kanda. Critical listening is reflected in the decision-making approaches of Rama and Dasaratha. They carefully considered multiple viewpoints and evaluated the consequences of their actions. Empathetic listening, an essential aspect of compassionate and servant leadership, is demonstrated through Rama’s interaction with Bharata in Chitrakooda.